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Biomedical subjects

C B Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C B Wilson.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Pituitary abscesses. Report of seven cases and review of the literature.

Seven cases of pituitary abscess are presented and the relevant world literature is reviewed. An enlarged sella co-existing with bacterial meningitis, or bacterial meningitis coinciding with a known or suspected pituitary tumor should suggest the diagnosis of pituitary abscess. Visual field defects should evoke similar suspicion when present in a patient with meningitis. This reasoning enabled us to make the first reported preoperative diagnosis of pituitary abscess. Therefore, in the management of purulent meningitis, we recommend the following: first, skull films are mandatory; second if the sella turcica is abnormal, the correct presumptive diagnosis is pituitary abscess; and third, if prompt improvement does not follow appropriate antibiotic therapy, the suspected abscess should be explored and drained via the transsphenoidal approach.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

A metastasizing ependymoma of the cauda equina. Case report.

A case is described in which a metastatic ependymoma of the cauda equina recurred after prolonged remission. Similarities to five previously reported cases are discussed, with emphasis on the mode of metastasis. Factors most closely associated with distant metastases include early onset, numerous local operations, long survival, and massive local recurrence at the time of distant metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Recent advances in the immunological aspects of renal disease.

Anti-basement membrane antibodies and tissue deposition of immune complexes appear to be responsible for most glomerulonephritides and for some tubulo-interstitium injury accompanying glomerulonephritis or occuring primarily. Anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies complicate immunologic and toxic renal injury, including transplantation, and widespread tubulo-intersitial immune complex deposits are present in most patients with systemic immune complex disease, such as lupus erythematosus. Radioimmunoassay is now available for detecting and monitoring circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. The effect of aggressive therapy with immunosuppression and plasma exchange is being studied to determine is value in minimizing tissue damage produced by the usual transient production of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Techniques are being explored to detect circulating immune complexes. Vigorous efforts are under way to identify antigen-antibody systems involved in the production of nephritogenic immune complexes, which may lead to antigen irradiation or specific manipulation of the immune response or its products.

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease↗
PubMed1977

An evaluation of elution techniques in the study of immune complex glomerulonephritis.

Antigen and antibody from glomerular immune complex deposits in rabbits with experimental bovine serum albumin-(BSA) induced chronic serum sickness (CSS) were quantitated in elutes from kidneys in which a portion of the antigen and antibody had been radiolabeled. The largest quantities of 125I BSA eluted with 1 M roprionic acid at pH 2.7 (86%) and 0.1 M borate buffer at pH 11.25 (80%). However, these buffers yielded less functional anti-BSA antibody than 0.02 M citrate buffer at pH 3.2 (344 mug/g kidney). Citrate buffer-eluted anti-BSA antibody was reactive in immunodiffusion, immunofluorescence, and radiolabeled BSA binding test systems, but complement fixation was impaired relative to chaotropic ion-eluted antibody. It was found that up to 75% of the eluted antibody was lost to further study by recombination with eluted BSA. This could be prevented by fractionation of the dissociated eluate before neutralization. IgG fractionated eluates were successfully fluorescein conjugated or radiolabeled for use as reagents. Elution of cryostat sections of CSS kidney was also studied; BSA, IgG, and complement (C3) eluted in parallel, and sub-microgram quantities of anti-BSA antibody were recovered.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Current status of population kinetics in gliomas.

One must know tumor cell kinetics in order to devise a rational drug regimen for gliomas. With tritiated thymidine, the Labelling Index of astrocytomas is less than 1 per 100; of glioblastomas from 5-10 per 100. The duration of S phase is fairly constant, ranging from 7 to 10 hours. Double radioautography reveals a cell cycle time of 2 to 3 days and a Growth Fraction of 10 to 30 per 100 in glioblastomas. Calculations based on volume of tumor at recurrence after a gross total resection, analysis of primer dependent D.N.A. polymerase (P.D.P.), and analysis of cells by Flow Microfluorometer, all confirm these approximate figures. Thus most of the cells of a glioma are not sensitive to a cell-cycle phase specific drug. Such an agent, if given, should be administered over a 2 to 3 day period, in order to affect as many cells as possible. The most important part of a drug regimen should be an agent which attacks non-proliferating as well as proliferating cells, such as an alkylating agent. The effects of various drugs and schedules can be examined by animal models with the technqiue of colony forming efficiency.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Brain tumors: criteria of response and definition of recurrence.

The criteria for determining response to therapy and establishing brain tumor recurrence are presented. Basing their conclusions on a series of more than 500 patients, the authors contend that serial scintiscans and computerized axial tomograms can be used to determine accurately the response to therapy and recurrence or tumor regrowth. The problems in evaluating response and tumor recurrence are discussed, with emphasis on those relating to concurrent glucocorticoid therapy and medical conditions such as infection, hematomas, and drug side-effects.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Animal models of brain tumors.

Although no single model of the numerous animal models of brain tumors developed in recent years perfectly represents the spontaneous human tumors, different ones do have specific advantages for certain types of studies. Chemical induction in adult animals, transplacental chemical induction, viral induction, and transplantation are effective methods that allow choice of numerous histologic types of tumors which, to a greater or lesser extent, simulate human tumors. Reproducibility of location, cell type, and time of tumor appearances; expense; ability to grow in tissue culture; safety for personnel; trauma to brain; nature of vasculature, and amount of brain and tumor tissue available for examination are among the variables to be considered in choosing a model appropriate for a particular study.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Simplified percutaneous lumboperitoneal shunting.

A single unit percutaneous lumboperitoneal shunt has been designed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ease of insertion makes this shunt a useful tool in the treatment and diagnosis of communicating hydrocephalus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Basis and results of chemotherapeutic treatment of gliomas.

Brain tumor chemotherapy has improved in recent years with increasing knowledge of the requirements for effective drugs (such as lipophilicity and low molecular weight in order to enter brain tissue, and ability to kill proliferating and non-proliferating cells) and the evolution of criteria for statistically evaluable studies. In Phase II studies BCNU is the best single agent so far, giving a response rate of 51 per 100 for a median duration of 9 months. CCNU and procarbazine are also effective, while epipodophyllotoxin, DTIC, BIC, methotrexate and vincristine are somewhat less so. Recent Phase III studies have shown unequivocally that radiotherapy is effective; BCNU and radiation therapy together appear at present the best available treatment following surgery. Combinations of drugs as well as new drugs are a major source of hope for the future in these tumors with their still inexorably fatal courses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Evidence for immune-complex formation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Immune complexes have been found in several chronic diseases of unknown aetiology and identification of the constituents of the complexes might lead to recognition of aetiological agents. Sera and renal tissues from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A.L.S.) were studied for evidence of immune complexes. C1q precipitation testing demonstrated that sera from 10 of 25 patients with classic A.L.S. bound significantly more radiolabelled C1q than sera from 15 controls. In renal glomeruli studied for deposition of host 1gG, C3, fibrinogen, and albumin by means of direct immunofluorescence, 9 of 33 patients with A.L.S. (27 biopsy and 6 necropsy specimens) had moderate amounts of both IgG and C3 of granular basement membrane and mesangia. This pattern of immunofluorescence is characteristic of immune complex deposits. Of these 9, 8 had rapidly progressive neurological courses, whereas among the remaining 18 patients with no evidence of immune-complex disease, 9 of 12 available for clinical follow-up had stable or slowly progressive courses.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1976

Immunosuppression and plasma-exchange in the treatment of Goodpasture's syndrome.

Seven patients with Goodpasture's syndrome induced by anti-glomerular-basement-membrane (anti-G.B.M.) antibody were treated by a regimen of intensive plasma-exchange, cytotoxic drugs, and steroids. In the three patients retaining some renal function at presentation, this regimen led to suppression and eventual termination of antibody synthesis with improvement in renal function. In four patients, all anuric at presentation, antibody to G.B.M. persisted with variable reduction in the circulating levels. No return of renal function occurred in this group, all of whom had extensive changes on renal biopsy. Pulmonary haemorrhage, life-threatening in one patient, was rapidly controlled in all five patients in whom it was a presenting feature. In addition to its effect on antibody levels, plasma-exchange, using volume-replacement with plasma-protein fraction (P.P.F.), resulted in substantial depletion of complement and fibrinogen, mediators possibly contributing to the antibody-induced injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Endogenous oncornaviral gene expression in adult and fetal mice: quantitative, histologic, and physiologic studies of the major viral glycorprotein, gp70.

Endogenous expression of the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) genome has been studied in a number of strains of mice. Expression of the major envelope glycoprotein, gp70, is restricted to certain anatomical sites and cell types, prominent among which are lymphoid and epithelial cells. On a quantitative basis, the major site of gp70 expression is the male genital tract. During development, gp70 first appears in the hematopoietic liver of 14-day-old embryos and by day 18, it is already expressed at anatomical sites similar to those of the adult. In toto, these results show that control of expression of the MuLV genome in adult and developing mice is linked to differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Goodpasture syndrome: recovery after severe renal insufficiency.

A 22-year-old woman developed the sudden onset of cough, dyspnea, blood-tinged sputum, and bilateral fluffy infiltrates on her chest x-ray film, together with severe iron deficiency anemia. Urinalysis initially revealed normal values, but gross hematuria developed on the 12th day. Linear deposits of IgG and C3 were present in the GBM; circulating anti-GBM antibodies were also observed initially but had disappeared 13 months later. Hemodialysis was performed because of oliguria and a rising serum creatinine value. She subsequently had a diuresis; 18 months later, the creatinine clearance was 63 ml/min. The anti-GBM antibody response appears to be transient, lasting only a few months, so that if the patient survives the initial insult, stabilization and even some recovery may ensue. Had this patient undergone immediate nephrectomy as part of her initial therapy, the observed favorable outcome would have been denied.

Acute Kidney Injury↗