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Biomedical subjects

C B Archer

Publications and source records attributed to C B Archer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Delayed-onset synergism between leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 in human skin.

The time-course of cutaneous inflammatory responses to LTB4 and PGE2 both alone and in combination has been studied in 10 healthy volunteers. LTB4 induced a transient wheal and flare response in some subjects, maximal at 15 minutes and succeeded by an erythematous, indurated lesion at 2-4 hours. PGE2 elicited a wheal and erythema response which resolved within 1-2 hours. Combination of LTB4 and PGE2 produced acute wheal and erythema responses which did not differ significantly from the summation of responses to the individual constituents of the mixture or from responses to a two-fold increase in the concentration of either component. Wheal and erythema responses persisted, however, with significant potentiation of responses 4 hours after injection. As both leukotrienes and prostaglandins are generated in acute allergic reactions, the effects of these mediators in combination could contribute to persisting and late-onset responses to allergen, in both the skin and lung. In particular, sustained responses to the combination of LTB4 and PGE2 might be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Investigation of adrenomedullary function in atopic dermatitis.

Adrenomedullary function in patients with atopic dermatitis was assessed by measurement of plasma levels of catecholamines (adrenalin and noradrenalin) and cyclic AMP in response to the stimuli of standing after lying supine, and a 5-min infusion of histamine in the standing position (i.e. histamine plus standing). Plasma clearance of adrenalin was examined by measurement of plasma catecholamine and cyclic AMP levels following a 15-min intravenous infusion of adrenalin in the supine position. Resting plasma levels of adrenalin, cyclic AMP and noradrenalin were not statistically different in atopic patients and normal controls. Standing or intravenous infusion of histamine in the standing position caused a rise in plasma catecholamine levels. Plasma adrenalin, cyclic AMP and noradrenalin levels in response to these stimuli and the rate of clearance of exogenous adrenalin from the plasma were not significantly different in patients with atopic dermatitis and in normal subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Metastatic cutaneous carcinoid.

A case of malignant bronchial carcinoid with multiple cutaneous metastases is reported. Despite the extremely aggressive behavior of the disease and the presence of multiple hepatic metastases, the patient did not exhibit the usual clinical features of the carcinoid syndrome. The relevance of the finding of elevated 24-hour urinary vanillylmandelic acid levels in patients with carcinoid tumors is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Accumulation of inflammatory cells in response to intracutaneous platelet activating factor (Paf-acether) in man.

Platelet activating factor (Paf-acether, AGEPC) is a family of ether-linked phospholipids known to be released from a range of inflammatory cell types. In vitro and in experimental animals, it seems to be a mediator of inflammation, and intradermal injection of Paf-acether in man elicits a biphasic inflammatory response, reminiscent of the dual response to allergen in sensitized individuals. In the present study, cutaneous histology was assessed in sequential skin biopsies from six normal volunteers after intradermal injection of 200 or 800 pmol Paf-acether. Paf-acether (200 pmol) induced intravascular accumulation of neutrophils, accompanied by a perivascular mixed cellular infiltrate which was composed predominantly of neutrophils at 4 and 12 hours, and lymphocytes and histiocytes at 24 hours. Control injections of lyso-Paf and normal saline induced no noteworthy histological changes. Paf-acether (800 pmol) resulted in vessel destruction, gross endothelial swelling and a perivascular infiltrate of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, accompanied by occasional evidence of leucocytoclasis. By virtue of its ability to induce inflammatory cell accumulation in human skin, Paf-acether should be considered as a potential mediator of inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Inflammatory cell accumulation in response to intracutaneous Paf-acether: a mediator of acute and persistent inflammation?

The ether-linked phospholipid, Paf-acether (AGEPC) is released from a variety of inflammatory cell types and has properties consistent with those of a mediator of inflammation. We have examined the effects of locally administered Paf-acether on cellular accumulation in the skin of experimental animals and man by histological evaluation of sequential skin biopsies and quantification of accumulation of radiolabelled blood elements. In guinea-pig skin, immediate extravasation of plasma protein and intravascular accumulation of platelets and neutrophils was succeeded by a persistent mixed cellular infiltrate predominantly of neutrophils but also containing lymphocytes and histiocytes. Radiolabelling studies were consistent with these observations. Intradermal Paf-acether elicited persistent clinical and histopathological responses in human skin. The finding that Paf-acether is able to initiate cutaneous cellular accumulation may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Effects of serum albumin, indomethacin and histamine H1-antagonists on Paf-acether-induced inflammatory responses in the skin of experimental animals and man.

Cutaneous responses to synthetic platelet activating factor (Paf-acether) have been studied in guinea-pig and human skin. Intradermal injection of Paf-acether elicited an acute inflammatory response in guinea-pig skin (assessed by means of radioisotopic techniques) and acute oedema formation in human skin (assessed by means of weal volume and flare area). Acute inflammatory responses in guinea-pig and human skin are potentiated by the presence of serum albumin, a phospholipid carrier. Acute inflammatory responses induced by Paf-acether in guinea-pig and human skin are not significantly affected by concomitant administration of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. Acute inflammatory responses induced by Paf-acether in guinea-pig and human skin are not significantly affected by concomitant administration of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. Acute inflammatory responses induced by Paf-acether in guinea-pig and human skin are slightly modified by the H1-receptor antagonists, mepyramine and chlorpheniramine. These results indicate that the acute inflammatory response induced by Paf-acether is independent of cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid and that histamine release has a minor contribution to the inflammatory response induced by Paf-acether.

Adult↗