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Biomedical subjects

C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to C Anderson.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Giant-cell tumour of the sacrum in a child.

Giant-cell tumours rarely are seen in children before epiphyseal fusion occurs and such tumours in the spine are uncommon. The authors report the case of a giant-cell tumour of the sacrum that developed in a 12-year-old girl before epiphyseal fusion. Embolization with activated microfibrillar collagen relieved her symptoms and was carried out twice before progression of the tumour necessitated radiotherapy. Giant-cell tumours of the spine are particularly difficult to manage since the accepted treatment for such tumours at other sites is wide resection, excisional curettage or surgical curettage with chemical cautery. However, embolization alone or combined with other methods of treatment is valuable, particularly in non-resectable giant-cell tumours of the spine.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Fenofibrate affects the compositions of lipoproteins.

This study assessed the effects of fenofibrate on lipoprotein levels and lipoprotein compositions in a subgroup of patients who participated in a multicenter fenofibrate study. Eleven men and 10 women aged 29 to 63 were studied, 12 with type II A and nine with type II B hyperlipoproteinemia. Fasting blood samples were obtained every four to six weeks. Lipoprotein lipids were quantified by procedures of the Lipid Research Clinics, and apolipoproteins by radioimmunoassay. Fenofibrate decreased mean triglyceride and cholesterol levels of the type II A patients from 130 to 99 and from 286 to 237 mg/dl, respectively. Levels of very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels rose. Apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein E levels decreased, whereas apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein AII levels rose. The mean very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride ratio and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:low-density lipoprotein triglyceride ratio decreased. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:apolipoprotein B ratio and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: apolipoprotein AII ratio decreased as did the apolipoprotein AI:apolipoprotein AII ratio. In patients with type II B hyperlipoproteinemia, triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased with fenofibrate therapy with most of the decrease in triglyceride levels due to very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, whereas the decrease in total cholesterol levels was due to decreases in very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels rose. The decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was not significant in this group. Apolipoprotein E levels decreased and apoliprotein AI and apolipoprotein AII levels rose. Indices of composition in type II B patients were similar to those in type II A patients but the changes were less dramatic. Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride ratios decreased significantly, but low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:low-density lipoprotein triglyceride ratios did not change significantly with treatment. The mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:apolipoprotein B ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:apolipoprotein AII ratio, and apolipoprotein AI:apolipoprotein AII ratio all were lowered by therapy. Thus, very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein lost cholesterol in response to fenofibrate therapy and high-density lipoprotein particles became enriched in cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (IVG) in neonatal immune thrombocytopenia.

Recent reports suggest that intravenous gammaglobulin (IVG) may be an effective treatment modality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Two newborns with isoimmune thrombocytopenia secondary to HLA-A2 and PLA1 platelet antigen incompatibilities with their respective mothers and two newborns with thrombocytopenia secondary to maternal ITP were treated with IVG 400 mg/kg/day x 5 days. One patient was exposed to steroids in utero; only one mother was thrombocytopenic at the time of delivery. All patients were severely thrombocytopenic on day 1 of treatment with mean platelet count of 5.7 x 10(9)/L. All had petechiae and positive quaiac stools, and patients with isoimmune thrombocytopenia had CT scan evidence of intracranial bleeds. The mean platelet count after 24 hr was 26.7 x 10(9)/L and the average platelet increase was 21 x 10(9)/L and 33 x 10(9)/L at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. The two cases with isoimmune thrombocytopenia had sustained platelet increases; the two cases secondary to maternal ITP had transient platelet elevations. IVG can rapidly elevate the platelet count in these patients, especially those with severe bleeding manifestations.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Does "hepatic osteodystrophy" differ from peri- and postmenopausal osteoporosis? A histomorphometric study.

Bone remodeling activities were assayed on undecalcified sections of iliac crest biopsies obtained from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (n = 25), postmenopausal osteoporosis (n = 64), and age, sex-matched, nonosteoporotic peri- and postmenopausal subjects (n = 26). Thorough semiautomated static and dynamic bone histomorphometry was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed among the age-matched groups in 10-year intervals through the ages 45 to 74. No osteomalacia or osteoporotic condition was detected in the patients with PBC. Our data have shown they did not have a mineralization defect but rather high bone turnover rates. The discrepancy of our observations to other published studies is discussed. We suggest that the osteoporotic condition attributed by others to PBC may just be the result of the concomitant aging processes.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Effects of continuous 17 beta-estradiol administration on the periosteal and corticoendosteal envelope activity in spayed beagles.

Histomorphometric analyses of resorptive and formative parameters of the periosteal and corticoendosteal bone envelopes were performed on ribs from intact, spayed and spayed 17 beta-estradiol-supplemented Beagle dams. Dynamic formative features were evaluated after 2 pulses of in vivo tetracycline administration. The results indicated that following oophorectomy there was an increase in resorptive surfaces on the periosteum and corticoendosteum, and a decline in formative activity on these same envelopes. With continuous 17 beta-estradiol supplementation, the resorptive surfaces on both the periosteum and corticoendosteum of the spayed dams decreased. The formative activity on the periosteum seemed to decline further after the administration of 17 beta-estradiol, while on the corticoendosteum it tended to be restored to the level obtained for the intact dams. The increase in mineralization lag-time detected on the periosteum following oophorectomy appears not to be corrected by continuous 17 beta-estradiol supplementation in the spayed dams.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Photodegradation of pesticides in the presence of humic substances.

The photodegradation of some pesticides that are non-degradable or nearly non-degradable in standard laboratory tests has been studied in the presence of humic substances. It was shown that the photodegradation rate of all compounds investigated increased in the presence of humic substances.

Humic Substances↗
PubMed1987

On the mechanism of stimulation of the Na/K pump of LK sheep erythrocytes by anti-L antibody.

Studies were undertaken to explore the mechanism of stimulation of the Na/K pump in LK sheep erythrocytes by anti-L antibody. First, the numbers of functioning pump sites were determined by correlating [3H]ouabain binding with levels of inhibition of the pump. Untreated (control) cells had approximately 41 pumps per cell, and anti-L treatment caused an increase in the number of functioning pumps to approximately 85 per cell. Reducing the intracellular K concentration, [K]c, to near zero caused an increase in the number of pumps in control cells, but not in anti-L cells, such that the numbers of pumps per cell were about the same in the two cell types. These results led to the prediction that Kc is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the pump in control cells, and that anti-L stimulates the pump and increases number of functioning pumps by reducing noncompetitive inhibition by Kc. Kinetic studies were undertaken to test this prediction: activation of the pump by increasing [Na]c was measured at three fixed levels of [K]c. In control cells, the apparent maximum velocity of the pump (J'max) was reduced approximately threefold by raising [K]c from 0.2 to 9 mmol/liter cells, demonstrating noncompetitive inhibition by Kc. In anti-L cells, J'max did not vary with [K]c, which shows that, as predicted, anti-L abolishes the noncompetitive inhibition by Kc. The modification of the kinetic properties of the pumps by the antibody is highly specific in that affinities for Nac and Ko as substrates are unaffected. However, the effect of the antibody on noncompetitive inhibition by Kc does not explain the stimulation of the pump fully since there is significant stimulation at near-zero [K]c.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a community-based prenatal health education program.

This study demonstrated the importance of outlining evaluation criteria for newly implemented programs. An educational program should have measurable program objectives with which the goals of the program can be evaluated. Along with a clearly defined set of program objectives, new educational programs should be implemented with the appropriate record keeping systems to facilitate information retrieval. With a measurable set of objectives and accurate data collection, ongoing evaluation of programs would enable developers to identify the programs' strengths and weaknesses as a basis for revisions to best meet the needs of the population served.

Chicago↗
PubMed1987

Growth potential in suture bone inlay grafts: a comparison of vascularized and free calvarial bone grafts.

The present study investigates transsutural growth in vascularized and free calvarial bone grafts and notes the effects of such growth on craniofacial development. The temporalis myoosseous flap served as a model of vascularized graft. In ten 8-week-old dogs, a standardized skeletal defect, including a segment of the zygomatico-maxillary suture, was created. The defect was reconstructed with a vascularized graft in half the animals and a corresponding free graft in the remaining animals. Growth was assessed by means of serial cephalometric radiography and direct osteometry. Vascularized bone grafts demonstrated persistent transsutural growth following transplantation. Growth at the recipient site was preserved, resulting in less restriction of vertical maxillary development.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Multiple parameter assessment of skin irritancy.

In a previously developed guinea pig model for the study of skin irritancy, the irritant skin reactions caused by repeated open applications of low concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) have been studied macroscopically and microscopically. 2 new assessment methods, evaporimetry, which reflects the water barrier function of stratum corneum, and laser Doppler flowmetry to measure the cutaneous blood flow, have been added and compared with the existing methods of assessment in the model. In the present study of the irritant reaction caused by 1% SLS in 9 test animals, the 5 assessment parameters all showed values which, compared to control untested skin, increased progressively over the 3 days of application. In the assessment of skin irritancy, both evaporimetry and laser Doppler flowmetry have been shown to be useful non-invasive tools which can be quickly and reproducibly performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Growth potential in onlay bone grafts: a comparison of vascularized and free calvarial bone and suture bone grafts.

Vascularized bone grafts are characterized by a viable cell population with osteogenic potential. These features suggest that continued growth can be anticipated following vascularized membranous bone transfer in a growing craniofacial skeleton. The present paper compares the potential for appositional bone growth in vascularized and free calvarial onlay bone grafts. In seven 8-week-old beagles, growth was assessed by direct caliper measurements of graft dimensions intraoperatively and 16 weeks postoperatively. Vascularized grafts demonstrated a 50 to 60 percent increase in size in all dimensions compared to 10 to 20 percent growth in free grafts (p less than 0.01). Microradiography revealed preservation of calvarial bony architecture and minimal resorption in vascularized grafts, while triple-fluorochrome labeling confirmed subperiosteal appositional bone formation. Free grafts were characterized by significant resorption and a delay in subperiosteal bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Continuous intravenous heparin compared with intermittent subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis.

We performed a randomized double-blind trial comparing continuous intravenous heparin with intermittent subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of 115 patients with acute proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Intermittent subcutaneous heparin as administered in this trial was inferior to continuous intravenous heparin in preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism. The subcutaneous heparin regimen induced an initial anticoagulant response below the target therapeutic range in the majority of patients and resulted in a high frequency of recurrent venous thromboembolism (11 of 57 patients, 19.3 percent), which was virtually confined to patients with a subtherapeutic anticoagulant response. In contrast, continuous intravenous heparin induced a therapeutic anticoagulant response in the majority of patients and a low frequency of recurrent events (3 of 58 patients, 5.2 percent; P = 0.024); the recurrences were limited to patients with an initial subtherapeutic anticoagulant response. The results of this trial establish the efficacy of intravenous heparin in the treatment of proximal venous thrombosis and suggest a relation between the effectiveness of heparin and the levels of anticoagulation achieved; such a relation could explain the observed failure of the subcutaneous regimen.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Relation between electrocardiographic and enzymatic methods of estimating acute myocardial infarct size.

The extent of initial acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and subsequent patient prognosis were studied using 2 independent indicators of AMI size. Two inexpensive, readily available techniques, the complete Selvester QRS score from the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram and the peak value of the isoenzyme MB of creatine kinase (CK-MB), were evaluated in 125 patients with initial AMI. The overall correlation between peak CK-MB and QRS score was fair (0.57), with marked difference according to anterior (0.72) or inferior (0.35) location. The prognostic capabilities of each measurement varied. Peak CK-MB provided significant information concerning hospital morbidity or early mortality (within 30 days) for both anterior (chi 2 = 9.83) and inferior (chi 2 = 7.68) AMI locations; however, the QRS score was significant only for anterior AMI (chi 2 = 9.50). For total 24-month mortality, the QRS score alone provided the most information (chi 2 = 10.0, p = 0.0016), which was not improved with the addition of CK-MB (chi 2 = 0.07, p = 0.79). This study shows a good relation between these 2 independent estimates of AMI size for patients with anterior AMI location. Both QRS and CK-MB results are significantly related to early morbidity and mortality; however, only the QRS score is related to total 24-month prognosis.

Aged↗