Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to C Anderson.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for preventing deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement.

A randomized trial was performed in consecutive patients undergoing total hip replacement to evaluate the effectiveness of sequential intermittent calf and thigh compression for preventing venous thrombosis compared with a control group given no prophylaxis. Both groups underwent case finding for deep vein thrombosis using combined fibrinogen I 125 leg scanning, impedance plethysmography, and venography. Deep vein thrombosis by venography was present in 77 (49%) of 158 control patients compared with 36 (24%) of 152 patients given intermittent compression. Proximal vein thrombosis was present in 42 controls (27%) compared with 22 patients (14%) given intermittent compression. Combined impedance plethysmography and leg scanning was insensitive in this patient group (sensitivity, 46%); venography was required to detect more than half the patients with venous thrombosis. Sequential intermittent leg compression clinically and statistically significantly reduced the frequency of both proximal vein and calf vein thrombosis. Case finding resulted in early detection and treatment of patients with venous thrombosis.

Female↗
PubMed1990

External genitalia abnormalities in male rats exposed in utero to finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor.

A series of studies was conducted to determine the developmental toxicity of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride (MK-0906) in rats. This compound was administered orally once daily to pregnant rats during various extended treatment periods during gestation. F1 offspring were evaluated on Day 20 of gestation as well as postnatally through mating to produce an F2 generation. MK-0906 treatment induced dosage-related incidences of hypospadias (penischisis) in male offspring with a threshold dosage level near 0.1 mg/kg/day and a 100% effect level of 100 mg/kg/day (with dosing through Day 20 of gestation). MK-0906 also caused decreased anogenital distance in male offspring. The dosage response for this effect (ranging from a 4.2% decrease at 0.003 mg/kg/day to a 38% decrease at 100 mg/kg/day) was more shallow than that for hypospadias. The decreases in anogenital distance were at least partially reversible postnatally with essentially complete recovery at dosages up to 0.1 mg/kg/day. There was also a dosage-related, temporary induction of nipples in F1 males. All of these effects were apparent following treatment on Days 6 through 17 of gestation but were more pronounced when dosing extended to Day 20 of gestation. Slight maternal toxicity consisting of minor decreases in body weight gain occurred only at dosages of 3 mg/kg/day and higher, indicating the selective nature of the developmental toxicity. The 5 alpha-reductase enzyme located in the rat fetal genital tubercle was studied in vitro and compared to that in the adult ventral prostate. The values for Km, Vmax, and IC50 for inhibition by MK-0906 were similar in the two tissues, suggesting that the enzymatic proteins in the genital tubercle and ventral prostate may be similar.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1990

Cellular and extracellular phospholipase A2 activity in zymosan pleurisy in rat.

The pleural exudate from rats treated intrapleurally with zymosan contains phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity which is Ca2(+)-independent and optimally active at a neutral pH. This PLA2 activity was found in approximately equal amounts in both the cellular and extracellular fractions of the exudate. The Ca2(+)-independency of the PLA2's in the pleural exudate distinguishes them from plasma PLA2's and this suggests that the source of the exudate PLA2's is not plasma. The appearance of PLA2 activity in zymosan-induced pleural exudate correlates temporally with increases in exudate volume and pleural cell number. In all cases, the maximum response was seen 24 hr after zymosan challenge. All parameters of pleurisy and PLA2 activity are similarly sensitive to the steroid dexamethasone which has been hypothesized to act, in part, through the synthesis of PLA2 inhibitory peptides. In its entirety, this information suggests that there is a relationship between pleural PLA2 activity and the appearance of pleural inflammation (exudate volume and cells) and that PLA2 may play an important role in the initiation and propagation of this inflammatory process in rats. Furthermore, the zymosan-induced pleurisy model may serve as a useful model for the identification of PLA2 inhibitors with antiinflammatory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Carcinoma of the lower lip with perineural extension to the middle cranial fossa.

An 81-year-old man had left labial paresthesia and a palpable mass adjacent to the left mental foramen 6 months after apparent adequate excision of a small (1.5 cm) primary squamous cell carcinoma of the left portion of the lower lip. Biopsy and clinical evaluation revealed recurrent squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequent left hemimandibulectomy confirmed perineural extension of tumor along the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve to the foramen ovale. Seven months later, the patient died of complications resulting from intracranial extension of tumor to the left cerebellopontine angle. This case illustrates the lethal potential of carcinoma of the lip due to contiguous perineural extension, even with a small primary tumor and absence of regional lymph node metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Abnormalities of the spleen in relation to congenital malformations of the heart: a survey of necropsy findings in children.

A series of 1042 reports of necropsies on children dying at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh was reviewed. In each case, note was taken of the status of the spleen, the lobation of the lungs, the arrangement of the bronchi, the morphology of the atrial appendages, and the presence of any congenital malformations of the heart and great vessels and of any malformations of the abdominal organs. There was isomerism of the left atrial appendages in eight (0.77%), 13 (1.25%) showed isomerism of the right appendages, and seven (0.67%) had multiple spleens without having isomerism of the atrial appendages. Unexpectedly, a normal spleen was found in one patient with isomerism of the right appendages and also in a patient with isomerism of the left appendages. In one patient with isomeric left atrial appendages there was no spleen. The review showed that the morphology of the atrial appendages, and hence the arrangement of the atria, is not accurately predicted by the type of spleen. The arrangement of the atrial appendages is the most reliable guide to the recognised combinations of congenital cardiac malformations previously described as "splenic syndromes". Because there is no certain way of predicting all the malformations in patients with complex congenital heart disease, it is advisable to record separately for each patient the details of lobation of the lungs, the bronchial and atrial arrangement, anomalies of the heart and great vessels, the type of spleen, and any abnormal arrangement of the abdominal organs.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

Perth Community Stroke Study: design and preliminary results.

The first aim of the study, to see every case of stroke and TIA which has occurred in a representative population, unbiased by hospital admission and with high pathological documentation, is being achieved. To date, the incidence rates for stroke in Perth are strikingly similar to those in other major population-based studies in the Western world. Further data on risk factors are likely to contribute greatly to our understanding of the aetiology of stroke. The data on stroke outcome should be of international significance.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Fluid volume deficit: validating the indicators. The Research Committee, Greater Milwaukee Area Chapter of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

A validation of the nursing diagnosis "fluid volume deficit related to active isotonic loss" was completed by using the diagnostic content validity method. A validation tool containing 72 clinical indicators was mailed to a national sample of critical care experts. The study sample rated the clinical indicators on a scale from one to five, evaluating their relevancy to this diagnosis. The Delphi survey technique was used. Of the 72 clinical indicators on the validation tool, 17 were categorized as critical indicators and 29 were categorized as defining characteristics.

Dehydration↗
PubMed1990

Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland: a clinicopathologic and comparative immunohistochemical study.

Retrospective review of seven cases of polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) revealed that the original histologic diagnosis in five instances was mixed tumor (four benign and one malignant). Comparison of PLGA tumors with eleven representative cases of benign pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary gland (BPA) showed marked similarity in cytologic features. PLGA and BPA also exhibited similar mucohyaline and/or fibromyxoid stromal components. In contrast, tumor margins of the two neoplasms were quite different; margins of PLGA were consistently infiltrative, whereas those of BPA were generally well circumscribed and encapsulated. Immunophenotypic comparison confirmed the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positivity in BPA reported by others, whereas cases of PLGA were uniformly nonreactive with this antibody. Although previous reports have emphasized the histologic similarities of PLGA and adenoid cystic carcinoma, our findings indicate that differentiation of PLGA from BPA may represent a more common diagnostic problem. Awareness of comparative histologic features is important in the differential diagnosis of these minor salivary gland neoplasms. Also, monoclonal GFAP may be useful in distinguishing cases of PLGA from BPA where histologic features are otherwise similar.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Fluorochrome labelling in Roman period skeletons from Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt.

A histological aging study of femoral midshafts in a late Roman period sample from the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, showed discrete fluorochrome labelling. The fluorochrome is yellow-green in colour and fluoresces at a wavelength of 525 nm. The labelling occurs at the mineralization fronts and is so distinct that several histomorphometric measurements were made. The percent labelled surface values ranged from 6.03% to 59.34%, and the mean distance between labels ranged from 13.57 to 20.63 microns. Teeth from several individuals were also labelled within the enamel matrix. Comparisons were made between the patterns of fluorescent labelling from this population and from patients treated with interval and continuous dosages of tetracycline. The results collectively indicate that the fluorochrome is most likely tetracycline that made its way into the bone (in vivo) via stored grain contaminated by Streptomycetes. The labelling was differential, much like that of the patient on interval doses of tetracycline, so it is argued that the tetracycline was ingested occasionally, probably on a seasonal basis. The lack of bone infection in the adults (n = 29) suggests that the tetracycline may have provided some antibiotic protection in this population.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1989

Monoexponential analysis of plasma disappearance of 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-iodohippurate: a reliable method for measuring changes of renal function.

Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were measured in 170 subjects using monoexponential analysis of plasma disappearance curves for 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-iodohippurate after single injection. In the current study population, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow decreased with increasing age, were less in females than in males, and were less in hypertensives than in normotensives. Differences in glomerular filtration rate according to age and sex in the current study were similar to those reported using traditional creatinine clearance methodology. Monoexponential treatment of plasma isotope disappearance gave reproducible values for both glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow when measured either during the day or on a daily basis. Intraindividual coefficient of variation was less than 10% for both 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-iodohippurate clearances derived from monoexponential analysis. These results demonstrate that monoexponential analysis of plasma disappearance curves for 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-iodohippurate after a single injection is a useful method for evaluating changes in renal hemodynamics either during chronic drug therapy or acutely after single dose administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Innervation of the gastrointestinal canal of the toad Bufo marinus by neurons containing 5-hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity.

The gut of the toad, Bufo marinus, was examined for evidence of enteric neurons containing 5-hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity. Such neurons were absent from the stomach. They were present in the small intestine, with processes confined to the myenteric plexus. Immunoreactive nerve cell bodies lay on branches of the pelvic nerves supplying the large intestine; fibres were found in the submucosa of the posterior large intestine and in the muscularis external of the anterior large intestine. It is concluded, on morphological grounds, that the neurons in the small intestine are interneurons, whereas those in the large intestine are postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Biochemical changes associated with blood pressure reduction induced by calcium supplementation during pregnancy.

In a study population that comprised 34 normal black pregnant women, biochemical changes are compared between a group of women who received 1.5 gm of calcium supplementation a day and a group of women who received placebos. The blood pressure-lowering effect of calcium supplementation appears to involve a mechanism that relates parathyroid hormone and plasma renin activity. Other alterations in calcium and magnesium metabolism, as reflected by increased urinary calcium excretion and serum magnesium levels, may also contribute to this effect. Subgroups of study participants with initial (less than 26 weeks' gestation) low levels of serum calcium and plasma renin activity are the ones with the largest reductions in blood pressure. Whether these alterations can produce a reduction in the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension is the next question to be answered in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Two- versus 24-hour infusion of cisplatin: pharmacokinetic considerations.

The disposition of unchanged cisplatin was compared after two- and 24-hour intravenous (IV) infusion to eight patients with germ cell cancer (dose, 100 mg/m2), 14 patients with head and neck cancer (dose, seven patients 50 mg/m2; seven patients, 100 mg/m2). Patients were randomized to receive either a two- or 24-hour infusion in the first course of treatment and the reverse in the second course. Cisplatin renal clearance, total clearance, and the percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in urine were significantly lower with the longer infusion. Total clearance was 345 +/- 97.0 mL/min/m2 after the two-hour infusion and 268 +/- 70.7 mL/min/m2 after the 24-hour infusion (P less than .0001). Renal clearance was 79.1 +/- 35.3 mL/min/m2 and 34.1 +/- 14.9 mL/min/m2 (P less than .0001). The percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in urine was 22.9 +/- 6.5% and 12.8 +/- 4.0%, respectively (P less than .0001). The ratio of cisplatin renal clearance to creatinine clearance was 1.95 +/- .96 after the two-hour infusion and .90 +/- .40 after the 24-hour infusion (P less than .001). There was only a poor relationship between cisplatin renal clearance and creatinine clearance after a two-hour infusion (r2 = .05, P greater than .1) or 24-hour infusion (r2 = .18, P greater than .05). The severity of emesis was graded on a four-point scale and was significantly less with the 24-hour infusion than with the two-hour infusion (P less than .05). Twenty-four-hour infusion of cisplatin resulted in greater drug retention in patients due to reduced renal clearance, but was also associated with reduced emetic toxicity, probably as a result of lower peak plasma levels.

Adolescent↗