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Biomedical subjects

C A Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C A Taylor.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Topical treatment of herpes labialis with chloroform.

The efficacy of topical chloroform treatment of herpes labialis (HL) was evaluated in 50 patients with culture-verified HL. Treatment was begun within 48 hours of lesion onset, with either chloroform or camphor-in-oil placebo applied locally once a day for three days. Patients were observed daily by one investigator who also cultured and photographed the lesions. The photographs were evaluated by two other investigators. By direct observation, the time for scab formation was significantly less in the group treated with chloroform (P less than .01). No difference in time to healing was noted. Blind evaluation of the serial photographs showed a trend for more rapid scab formation and healing in patients treated with chloroform, but the differences were not significant. The minimal benefit derived from topical chloroform therapy of HL does not appear sufficient to recommend its routine use.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

The antagonism of nicotine-induced cardiovascular responses by DMAE and DEO analogs.

A series of quaternary ammonium compounds cinsisting of 4, 4'-bis-[N-(2, 2-diethoxyethyl)-N, N-dimethylammonioacetyl]-biphenyl dibromide (DMAE) and 4, 4'-bis-[N, N-di(2-ethoxyethyl)-N-methylammonioacetyl]-biphenyl dibromide (DEO) analogs was investigated for selective nicotine antagonism. Each series of compounds contained the monophenyl (MPh.DMAE, MPh.DEO); biphenyl (DMAE, DEO); terphenyl (TPh,DMAE, TPh.DEO); half-molecule (1/2DMAE, 1/2DEO); p-phenyl half-molecule (p-Ph.-1/2DMAE, p-Ph.-1/2DEO) and biphenyl half-molecule (p-BPh.-1/2DMAE, p-BPh.-1/2DEO) analogs. Studies were conducted on isolated spontaneously beating guinea pig atria and anesthetized dogs. Relative potencies of the DMAE and DEO series to antagonize the nicotine (20 mug/ml) induced positive chronotropic effect of the guinea pig atria were determined as follows: DMAE (1.0); TPh.DMAE (0.82); P-Ph.1/2DMAE (0.59); DEO (0.54); MPh.DMAE (0.27); TPh.DEO (0.26); MPh.DEO (0.18); p-Ph.-1/2DEO (0.16); 1/2DMAE (0.03); 1/2DEO (0.02); p-BPh.-1/2DMAE (less than 0.01); p-BPh.-1/2DEO (less than 0.01) and C-6 (0.85). The I50 to antagonize nicotine induced responses by DMAE was 0.13 muM (0.10 mu/ml). Several of the above analogs were studied in the dog and their ability to antagonize nicotine (100 mug/kg) induced positive chronotropic effects were compared with their ability to inhibit transmission through the stellate or the superior cervical ganglia. The I50 doses of the drugs antagonizing nicotine, impairing superior cervical ganglionic transmission and the corresponding fold shifts in the dose--response curves follow: DMAE (120 mug/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, 25); TPh.DMAE (40 mug/kg, 1.10 mg/kg, 30), DEO (45 mug/kg, 1.30 mg/kg, 25) and C-6 (140 mug/kg, 0.42 mg/kg, 0.42 mg/kg, 3.0). These findings are suggestive of the hypothesis that receptors normally activated by endogenously released ACh in the stellate or superior cervical ganglia of the dog may be dissociated from those receptors activated by nicotine which results in an increase in blood pressure or heart rate. Clinical implications are that TPh.DMAE as well as other DMAE analogs may pose less of a problem with hypotension than hexamethonium as a nicotine antagonist.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Nonclassical nicotine antagonists.

A series of "nonclassical" nicotine antagonists was synthesized and compared to the "classical" nicotine antagonist, hexamethonium, by means of the isolated guinea pig atria preparation. 2 was found to be the most potent, followed by hexamethonium and the other antagonists. With the exception of 5, the bisquaternary compounds 1-3 and 7-9 were found to be more potent than the monoquaternary compounds 4, 6, and 10-12. Within a series of compounds (1-6 or 7-12), those compounds possessing two phenyl rings proved to be more potent than those possessing one or three phenyl rings. These and other aspects of the structure-activity relationship of this class of compounds are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frequency of silent myocardial ischemia with 12-lead ST segment monitoring in the coronary care unit: are there sex-related differences?

BACKGROUND: Ischemia that occurs in the coronary care unit (CCU), whether symptomatic or silent, is associated with significant in-hospital and out-of-hospital complications. Studies have reported that more than 90% of ischemic episodes are silent in patients with unstable angina who are treated in the CCU with maximal medical therapy. Prior reports indicate that women complained more frequently of chest pain than men did. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of silent myocardial ischemia in men versus women with use of continuous 12-lead ST segment monitoring in the CCU. A secondary goal was to determine whether silent ischemia was associated with less ST segment deviation as compared with symptomatic ischemia. METHOD: Patients admitted for treatment of acute coronary syndrome in the CCU and who subsequently had 1 or more ischemic events during their monitoring period were selected for this analysis. All patients were continuously monitored (42.5 hours +/- 37.6) in the CCU with the EASI (Zymed Medical Instruments, Camarillo, Calif) 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) system that derives 12 leads with use of 3 information channels and 5 electrodes. RESULTS: Of 491 patients, 128 (91 men and 37 women) had at least 1 episode of transient myocardial ischemia. Men and women did not differ in their proportion of chest pain during ischemia (men 27% and women 21%, NS). For both men and women, ST segment deviation was significantly greater during symptomatic ischemia compared with silent ischemia. CONCLUSION: There are no sex-related differences in ischemic events in the CCU in regards to the variables of chest pain and ST magnitude. Therefore, because chest pain is not a reliable indicator of myocardial ischemia in the CCU, regardless of sex, patients should be adequately monitored for ischemic events.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Finite element modeling of three-dimensional pulsatile flow in the abdominal aorta: relevance to atherosclerosis.

The infrarenal abdominal aorta is particularly prone to atherosclerotic plaque formation while the thoracic aorta is relatively resistant. Localized differences in hemodynamic conditions, including differences in velocity profiles, wall shear stress, and recirculation zones have been implicated in the differential localization of disease in the infrarenal aorta. A comprehensive computational framework was developed, utilizing a stabilized, time accurate, finite element method, to solve the equations governing blood flow in a model of a normal human abdominal aorta under simulated rest, pulsatile, flow conditions. Flow patterns and wall shear stress were computed. A recirculation zone was observed to form along the posterior wall of the infrarenal aorta. Low time-averaged wall shear stress and high shear stress temporal oscillations, as measured by an oscillatory shear index, were present in this location, along the posterior wall opposite the superior mesenteric artery and along the anterior wall between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. These regions were noted to coincide with a high probability-of-occurrence of sudanophilic lesions as reported by Cornhill et al. (Monogr. Atheroscler. 15:13-19, 1990). This numerical investigation provides detailed quantitative data on hemodynamic conditions in the abdominal aorta heretofore lacking in the study of the localization of atherosclerotic disease.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatty acid profiles in response to soybean oil lipid emulsion infusions in essential fatty acid-deficient miniature swine.

The ability of soybean oil lipid emulsions to affect essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and plasma fatty acid distribution was studied in neonatal pigs. The test animals were maintained on a fat-free diet prior to administration of lipid emulsion. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane levels of essential [linoleic (C-18:2 omega 6) and arachidonic (C-20:4 omega 6)] and nonessential [palmitic (C-16, palmitoleic (C-16:1 omega 7), stearic (C-18), and oleic (C-18:1 omega 9)] fatty acids and the triene:tetraene ratio [5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (C-20:3 omega 9):arachidonic acid (C-20:4 omega 6)] were monitored to ascertain the establishment of EFAD and its correction. Nonessential fatty acids were studied, as these components of lipid therapy have received little attention. Results indicate that soybean oil emulsions are effective in reversing fatty acid profiles found in EFAD, and both essential and nonessential fatty acids are under strict metabolic control.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric liaison psychiatry: a forum for separation and loss.

Separation and loss issues arise frequently in pediatric hospital settings. Three forms of psychiatry/psychology liaison are presented which demonstrate: 1. case-centered collaboration to address child and family concerns about death; 2. team-centered activities which link family and staff roles in the course of terminal illness; and 3. the development of a program mechanism to meet the needs of staff "survivors" of recurrent childhood deaths. These examples illustrate the enrichment which pediatric psychiatry/psychology liaison program offer when the conceptual model of liaison service and teaching operates flexibly on case, team, and program levels.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in dietary patterns of nonsmoking adults married to smokers vs. nonsmokers.

PURPOSE: To compare dietary intakes of nonsmoking adults married to smokers or nonsmokers. DESIGN: Respondents to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994 to 1996 (response rate = 76.1% for 2 days of dietary intake). Nonsmoking adults aged 18 and older were grouped according to the smoking status of their spouse. SETTING: In-home interviews in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. SUBJECTS: The selected sample included 757 men and 754 women who were married to nonsmokers, and 197 men and 262 women who were married to smokers. MEASURES: Selected demographic variables, food group servings, food energy, and densities of selected nutrients were compared using chi 2 and analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Men and women married to smokers had greater (p < or = .025) energy-adjusted intakes of total and saturated fat but significantly lower (p < or = .05) energy-adjusted intakes of fiber and vitamin A. Men married to smokers consumed significantly more (p < .025) energy-adjusted cholesterol and ethanol but significantly less calcium (p = .026); women married to smokers consumed significantly less (p = .014) energy-adjusted folate. Men married to smokers consumed significantly more (p < or = .05) alcoholic beverages, coffee, and soft drinks; women married to smokers consumed significantly less water (p = .014) but more cheese and table sweeteners (p < or = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsmoking men and women who were married to smokers had compromised dietary intakes. Nonsmoking men whose wives smoked, in particular, had unhealthy diets due to elevated intakes of fat and cholesterol and low intakes of vitamin A, calcium, and fiber. Health professionals should continue to provide tobacco cessation instruction and dietary guidance, but also be aware of at-risk patients' immediate family members who likely share an increased risk of disease because of poor diet quality and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous epoetin alfa in peritoneal dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of epoetin alfa in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). DESIGN: A 32-week prospective, randomized, cross-over experimental design. SETTING: Two university-based outpatient PD centers. PATIENTS: Twenty adult PD patients receiving stable doses of s.c. epoetin alfa enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients completed 32 weeks of follow-up. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either s.c. or i.p. epoetin alfa at the start of the study. Dose adjustments were made to maintain baseline hematocrit +/- 3 percentage points. Following 16 weeks of treatment, patients crossed over to the other route of administration for an additional 16 weeks. Intraperitoneal epoetin alfa was administered into an empty peritoneal cavity for approximately 8 hours before resuming dialysis. End-of-study i.p. epoetin alfa doses required to maintain target hematocrit were given twice weekly (n = 1), once weekly (n = 11), or once every other week (n = 1). All patients received iron supplements to maintain or exceed prestudy iron parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prior to the study, the primary outcome measure was defined as the difference in epoetin alfa dose between i.p. and s.c. administration. RESULTS: Thirteen patients completed the study. The area under the dosing-requirement curve for i.p. epoetin alfa was larger than for s.c. administration (p = 0.0029), and the slope of the 16-week dose-requirement curve was greater for i.p. administration (p = 0.017), suggesting greater dose stability for s.c. administration. Paired analysis indicated greater i.p. intrapatient dose requirements (p < 0.0001). The mean difference in s.c. versus i.p. doses was 5000 +/- 1510 units per week. Some patients required escalating i.p. doses to maintain target hematocrit values. Iron administration and iron stores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal epoetin alfa may be a suitable alternative for some patients for whom s.c. dosing is undesirable. Large i.p. versus s.c. dosing differences noted in a few patients are unexplained, but may result from interpatient variability in i.p. epoetin alfa absorption. Intraperitoneal dosing into an empty peritoneum can be done safely and effectively.

Absorption↗