Biomedical subjects

C A Bond

Publications and source records attributed to C A Bond.

57 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of clinical pharmacists on psychiatric patients.

To review the contributions of clinical pharmacists to the care of psychiatric patients, we conducted a thorough MEDLINE review of the literature from January 1966 through January 1995. We recorded information regarding the number of patients, study designs, types of interventions, results, and cost savings. A substantial number of studies documented the positive effects of clinical pharmacists on patient outcomes, including improved care, improved level of functioning, and reduced medical and pharmaceutical care costs. Although more comprehensive studies have to be performed, a body of knowledge supports the pharmacist's role in the care of psychiatric patients.

Cost Control↗

PubMedDate not supplied

1995 National Clinical Pharmacy Services Study.

To determine the extent of hospital-based clinical pharmacy services in 1995, we surveyed 1109 United States acute care, general, medical-surgical, and pediatric hospitals with 50 or more licensed beds. Fifteen clinical pharmacy services were assessed to determine pharmacists' specific patient care responsibilities. The percentage of hospitals offering services grew between 1992 and 1995: pharmacokinetic consultations (16% increase), drug therapy protocol management (15%), drug therapy monitoring (8%), drug counseling (13%), and parenteral-enteral nutrition team (6%). All other services increased 0-5%. Pharmacists conducted clinical research in 14% of hospitals, averaging 6.3+/-22.1 protocols/department annually; total budget $96,219+/-$262,026. Patient-focused care predominated in 20% of hospitals, although most pharmacists reported to directors of pharmacy through traditional pharmacy department channels. Clinical pharmacy services continue to expand, with pharmacists providing higher-level direct patient care activities related to drug therapy management and monitoring.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical pharmacy services in hospitals educating pharmacy students.

In 1995 we conducted a national survey of 1102 acute care hospitals in the United States to determine types of clinical pharmacy services, patient-focused care, and pharmaceutical care used to educate and train pharmacy students, and compared outcomes with surveys in 1989 and 1992. Clinical pharmacy services offered in 50% or more of Pharm.D.-affiliated hospitals (core services) were drug-use evaluation, in-service education, pharmacokinetic consultations, adverse drug reaction management, drug therapy monitoring, protocol management (most common for aminoglycosides, nutrition, antibiotics, heparin, warfarin, theophylline), nutrition team, and drug counseling. Comprehensive pharmaceutical care programs were established in 64%, 42%, and 33% of Pharm.D., B.S., and nonteaching hospitals, respectively. Patient-focused care programs were beginning or established in 77%, 71%, and 60%, respectively. Pharmacists served as care team leaders in 23% of hospitals affiliated with a college of pharmacy. Most common ambulatory care clinics were oncology, anticoagulation, diabetes, geriatrics, refill, and infectious diseases/HIV. For-profit hospitals rarely provided education for pharmacy students. Thus patient-focused and comprehensive pharmaceutical care programs exist according to a hospital's academic program affiliation with Pharm.D. or B.S. degree program.

Data Collection↗