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Biomedical subjects

Bing Zhou

Publications and source records attributed to Bing Zhou.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Deuterium attachment to carbon nanotubes in deuterated water.

A systematic investigation on the unusual attachment of labile deuterium to carbon nanotubes in deuterated water and alcohols is reported. The carbon nanotubes were solubilized through the established functionalization of the nanotube-bound carboxylic acids to allow solution-phase reaction and characterization. The deuterium attachment was found under several experimental conditions, including the use of deuterated ethanol as a co-reactant in the nanotube functionalization reaction and the refluxing of functionalized or simply purified carbon nanotubes in deuterated water and alcohols. The solubility of the functionalized carbon nanotube samples in common organic solvents and water allowed unambiguous (2)H NMR characterization. The reproducible broad (2)H NMR signal at approximately 6.5 ppm is assigned to carbon nanotube-attached deuterium species. The assignment is supported by the results from FT-IR measurements. The carbon-deuterium interaction is so strong that the corresponding vibration resembles the typical C-D stretching mode in the characteristic frequency region. The FT-IR peak intensities also correlate well with the (2)H NMR signal integrations in a series of samples. Mechanistic implications of the results are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Selective interactions of porphyrins with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes.

A derivatized porphyrin with long alkyl chains, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(hexadecyloxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine, is selective toward semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in presumably noncovalent interactions, resulting in significantly enriched semiconducting SWNTs in the solubilized sample and predominantly metallic SWNTs in the residual solid sample according to Raman, near-IR absorption, and bulk conductivity characterizations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

A new approach for rapidly reshaping single-chain antibody in vitro by combining DNA shuffling with ribosome display.

Antibody reshaping is an effective way to reduce the immunogenicity while maintaining or improving the affinity of murine antibodies. This paper describe a new in vitro approach for rapidly reshaping murine antibodies by combining DNA shuffling with ribosome display. With the new method, a reshaping anti-4-1BB single-chain antibody (scFv), Re-4B4-1 scFv, which bound to its antigen (4-1BB) specifically and strongly, was selected from a reshaping library. These results proved definitely the feasibility of the new designed approach for antibody reshaping.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

[Imaging-navigated endoscopic sinus surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different type of image-guidance system in endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS: Fifty-three endoscopic sinus surgery were performed under different type of image-guidance system, there were 24 chronic sinusitis with or without nasal polyp, 4 juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 8 pituitary adenoma, 9 ethmoid ossifying fibroma, 2 nasopharyngeal mixed tumor, 1 nasal leiomyoma, 3 fungal sinusitis, and 2 inverting papilloma. RESULTS: In all cases, the preoperative time was 15-30 minutes, the registration rate were 1.3-2.0, the localization accuracy was within 1 mm. Compared with the traditional endoscopic sinus surgery, the operating time was similar, without obvious difference. No complication occurred. CONCLUSION: All types of image-guidance system could work well with endoscopic system, each of them had its own shortages. Every type of image-guidance system could identify the borders and critical anatomical structures in the corresponding CT data, especially in cases in which anatomical landmarks were no longer present, with anatomical variation, intranasal and anterior skull base tumor. Combined with endoscopic surgery, the image-guided endoscopic surgery provided accurate tumor resection while preserving normal tissue, increased surgical effectiveness, decreased overall surgical complications. It is believed that the image-guidance system is a useful tool for endoscopic sinus surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Acute asthma attacks introduced by anesthesia before nasal endoscopic surgery].

OBJECTIVE: In order to pay our attention to the perioperative treatment before nasal endoscopic surgery. METHOD: Three patients with asthma accompanied chronic sinusitis were analyzed systemically, who had undergone acute attacks of asthma introduced by anesthesia. RESULT: Anesthetic drugs and instruments can lead to acute attacks of asthma, because sinusitis with asthma means allergic airway inflammation, broncho-hyperreactivity and lower compensatory pulmonary function. Then all of the 3 cases had missed the preoperative treatment. CONCLUSION: Anesthetic drugs and instruments can lead to acute attacks of asthma. The perioperative treatment before nasal endoscopic surgery is very important for the prevention of the occurrences of this severe complication. Except emergency, the operation should be can celled for avoiding the acute attack of asthma introduced by anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Role of ICAM-1 in eosinophilia and prognosis of nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (Intercellular adhesion molecule-1) in eosinophilia and prognosis of nasal polyps. METHOD: Expression of ICAM-1 were detected and quantified in 35 cases of nasal polyps with fluorescence-immunohistochemistry analysis and its relationships to eosinophilia and prognosis of nasal polyps were evaluated. RESULT: The numbers of eosinophils in nasal polyps and control nasal mucosas were 28.4 +/- 10.7/mm2 and 9.9 +/- 8.6/mm2, and fluorescent densities of ICAM-1 were 115.9 +/- 82.4 and 28.2 +/- 17.1. The expression of ICAM-1 was associated with the heaviness of nasal polyps. CONCLUSION: ICAM-1 may play an important role in the formation and prognosis of nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Measurement of respiratory ciliary beat frequency quantified with high-speed digital microscopy].

OBJECTIVE: To accurately quantify the respiratory cilia activity, a high-speed phase-contrast imaging and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) analysis method were introduced. METHODS: Airway ciliated cells, from rabbit trachea, mouse trachea and human nose, were prepared by primary culture of airway epithelial cells. Phase-contrast images were detected with a digital high-speed camera, a progressive scan charge-coupled device(CCD) that provided images (648 pixels x 200 lines) at 240 frames per second (fps). A data analysis approach, which can measure the period [frequency (Hz) = 1/period] of each ciliary beat cycle to match the high temporal resolution of the image acquisition rate, was also introduced. RESULTS: The high signal-to-noise ratio of gray waveform was obtained by interactively selecting the optimal region of interest. The frequency of each ciliary beat cycle was determined from the period of each cycle of the gray -intensity waveform. At 30 degrees C, the basal CBF (x +/- s(x-)), from mouse, rabbit and human, were (15.6 +/- 0.7) Hz (n = 5), (13.2 +/- 0.9) Hz (n = 7), and (13.4 +/- 1.1) Hz (n = 5), respectively. No statistical difference was found among groups (P > 0.05). In response to extracellular ATP, CBF had a rapid increment that could occur in seconds, a behavior suggesting the necessity of the high temporary resolution data acquisition system. CONCLUSIONS: This ease of recording and replaying high-speed images may be useful in analyzing different phases and forms of ciliary beat patterns and perhaps in the diagnosis of cilia dysfunction-related diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Relationship between GATA-3 and IL-4 and IL-5 in patients with allergic rhinitis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between GATA-3 and IL-4, IL-5 in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: The expression of GATA-3 was detected by immunochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 23 patients with allergic rhinitis. IL-4, IL-5 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The positive rate of GATA-3 was 86.9% (20/23) and the relative density ratio of GATA-3 and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were 0.602 +/- 0.11 in patients with allergic rhinitis. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 were (135.5 +/- 66.4) pg/mg, (77.5 +/- 29.4) pg/mg, respectively. The expressions of GATA-3 and IL-4, IL-5 had positive relationship (r = 0.45 and 0.62, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: GATA-3 contributed to the production of IL-4, IL-5 in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of intranasal glucosteroid on the gene expression of interleukin-5 in nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intranasal glucosteroid treatment on the expression of interleukin (IL)-5 gene in nasal polyps. METHODS: Nasal polyps from topical steroid treated patients (n = 20) and untreated patients (n = 20) were investigated with the technique of mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The majority of IL-5 mRNA positive cells in nasal polyps were lymphocytes or eosinophils. No statistical significance was found in the densities of IL-5 mRNA positive cells between allergic patients [(12.6 +/- 4.6)/0.25mm2] and nonallergic patients [(14.3 +/- 4.1)/0.25mm2] (t = -0.775, P > 0.05). Compared with the control group [(13.9 +/- 4.2)/0.25mm2], the density of IL-5 mRNA positive cells was decreased in the steroid-treated group [(10. 2 +/- 3.1)/0.25mm2], and the difference reached statistical significance (t = 3.114, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that topical steroid treatment may suppress the IL-5 gene expression, and steroids may inhibit eosinophil functions.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2003

[Relationship between expressions of GATA-3 and interleukin-5 in nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of transcription factor GATA-3 in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. METHODS: The expression of GATA-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 28 cases of nasal polyps and 17 specimens of normal nasal epithelium. The expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in these specimens was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) meanwhile. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed, as confirmed by RT-PCR, a positive rate of GATA-3 of 89.3% in the nasal polyp (25/28) and 29.4% in the normal nasal mucosa (5/17), P < 0.05. GATA-3 was mainly distributed in submucous inflammatory cells. The relative density ratio of GATA-3 to GAPDH was 0.618 +/- 0.137 in nasal polyp and 0.21 +/- 0.11 in normal nasal mucosa (P < 0.05) as indicated by RT-PCR and agarose electrophoresis. The concentrations of IL-5 were 69.4 +/- 15.1 pg/ml and 25.7 +/- 13.0 pg/mg in the two groups respectively. The expression of GATA-3 was positively correlated to the expression of IL-5 in the nasal polyp. CONCLUSION: Contributing to the overexpression of such cytokines as IL-5, GATA-3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Genetic, clinical, and radiographic delineation of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dystonia, parkinsonism, and iron accumulation in the brain. Many patients with this disease have mutations in the gene encoding pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2); these patients are said to have pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. In this study, we compared the clinical and radiographic features of patients with Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome with and without mutations in PANK2. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients from 98 families with a diagnosis of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome were classified on the basis of clinical assessment as having classic disease (characterized by early onset with rapid progression) or atypical disease (later onset with slow progression). Their genomic DNA was sequenced for PANK2 mutations. RESULTS: All patients with classic Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome and one third of those with atypical disease had PANK2 mutations. Whereas almost all mutations in patients with atypical disease led to amino acid changes, those in patients with classic disease more often resulted in predicted protein truncation. Patients with atypical disease who had PANK2 mutations were more likely to have prominent speech-related and psychiatric symptoms than patients with classic disease or mutation-negative patients with atypical disease. In all patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, whether classic or atypical, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a specific pattern of hyperintensity within the hypointense medial globus pallidus. This pattern was not seen in any patients without mutations. CONCLUSIONS: PANK2 mutations are associated with all cases of classic Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome and one third of cases of atypical disease. A specific MRI pattern distinguishes patients with PANK2 mutations. Predicted levels of pantothenate kinase 2 protein correlate with the severity of disease.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2003

[Expression of chloride channel in nasal mucosa with allergic rhinitis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of chloride channel ClC-3 in perennial allergic rhinitis. METHODS: The nasal mucosa from 19 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were studied by immunohistochemistric staining and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the expression of ClC-3. RESULTS: ClC-3 was positively stained in 17 cases of 19 patients, with a rate of 89.6%. It mainly distributed in cytoplasm of epithelium and submucosal gland. All tissues displayed expected DNA length after PCR. The relative density of ClC-3 in mucosa with allergic rhinitis was 0.685 +/- 0.114 and 0.140 +/- 0.075 in normal. CONCLUSION: ClC-3 played an important role in the over-secretion of liquor in allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Advantages of using an image-guided system for transnasal endoscopic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the advantages of image-guided system in transnasal endoscopic surgery. METHODS: Transnasal endoscopic surgery was performed with the aid of an image-guided system in 28 patients, supported with histopathologic diagnoses of chronic sinusitis with/without nasal polyps (10 cases), juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (4 cases), pituitary adenoma (6 cases), ethmoidal ossifying fibroma (3 cases), nasopharyngeal mixed tumor (2 cases), nasal leiomyoma (1 case), fungal sinusitis (1 case) and inverted nasal papilloma (1 case). RESULTS: For all the patients, the time periods from initialization to surgery ranged from 15 to 30 minutes (a mean of 26 minutes). The calibration coefficient ranged from 1.3 to 2.0. Accuracy of localization fell within 1 mm. Compared with traditional endoscopic surgery, operation times were not noticeably different. No complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The image-guided system was able to identify borders and critical anatomical structures in real-time, especially of those with distorted anatomical markers. It provided a powerful means for a safer and less invasive endoscopic sinus surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Expressions of chloride channel ClC-2 and ClC-3 in human nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of chloride channel ClC-2 and ClC-3 in human nasal polyps. METHOD: Two chloride channels ClC-2 and ClC-3 were studied in 27 cases of nasal polyps with immunochemistric staining. RESULT: Nasal polyps revealed strong positive staining of ClC-2 and ClC-3, the ClC-2 and ClC-3 proteins localized mainly in epithelial cells, sub-epithelial mucous glands without significant distinction. The number of positive cells of ClC-2 and ClC-3 are 17.6 +/- 6.33 and 23.49 +/- 6.14. CONCLUSION: The chloride channels ClC-2 and ClC-3 may play a role in the formation of nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical significance of detection of serum hyaluronic acid concentration in severe burn patients].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the changes in serum hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations and injury of hepatocytes in severe burn patients. METHODS: Radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect HA and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) concentrations in serum, and biochemical indexes for hepatic function and renal function in burn patients that were divided into different groups: systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS). Multiple organ failure(MOF) and non-surviving patient groups. RESULTS: In two weeks after burns, the serum HA concentration attained a high level. With the increase of severity of disease, the values of the serum HA concentration were elevated progressively (P<0.001). At the onset of MOF till death, the serum HA content was rapidly decreased. Lineal correlation analysis indicated that the change in the serum HA concentration was closely correlated with SIRS, burn sepsis, MODS and death (P<0.01). It was positively correlated with TNF-alpha, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and negatively correlated with plasma albumin and albumin/globulin(both P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The increment in serum HA levels is relate with the impairment of the hepatic endothelial cells due to TNF-alpha etc. The HA content in serum can be used as a sensitive indicator for judging injury of liver, seriousness of the injury, and prognosis of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[A study of the link between upper and lower respiratory inflammation].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between upper and lower respiratory inflammation. METHODS: Thirty rats were randomly divided into allergic rhinitis group (AR), asthma group (AS), and control group (Con). The pulmonary function was measured by pulmonary function instrument of animal model, the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells was detected by hematotoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) and toluidine blue staining respectively, the expression of VCAM-I and IL-13 was examined by immunohistochemistry. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of IL-5 in the peripheral serum. RESULTS: The numbers of eosinophils and mast cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR were both significantly higher than those of Con, and similar results were observed between AS and Con. The forced expiratory volume in 0.3 second (FEV0.3)/forced vital capacity (FVC) of AR and AS was both significantly lower than that of Con. The numbers of VCAM-I and IL-13 positive vessels in lung tissue of AR were both significantly higher than those of Con, and similar results were observed between AS and Con. The concentration of IL-5 in the serum of AR and AS was both significantly higher than that of Con. The concentration of IL-5 in serum was positively correlated with the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood of AR and AS. CONCLUSION: The inflammation is similar between AR and AS, and repeatedly challenge upper respiratory tract can impact on lower respiratory response.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Acute fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic criterion and treatment principle of acute fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AFFS). METHODS: Six patients were diagnosed as AFFS based on history, nose, especially eye symptoms with or without fever, sinus CT and MRI, endoscopic and cytological findings in the nasal cavity. Surgical debridement was performed on 5 of 6 biopsy proven AFFS patients, one of them being amputated of the orbital content. With the original disease controlled simultaneously, 4 of 5 patients were prescribed with systemic amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B (1 case) and one with Itraconazole orally. One patient had not been involved with any of the anti-fungi measures. RESULT: Mucor (Zygomycetes) was identified on culture in 1 patient, Rhizopus species in 2, Aspergillus in 1, Alternaria in 1 and mixed Mucor and Rhizopus in 1. All patients were proved of tissue invasion histopathologically through biopsy. One patient died without any anti-fungi therapy on the 7th admission day, 3 patients survived for 88 days, 32 and 6 months respectively and died of original diseases (diabetes 1, leukaemia 2). One patient survived 9 months and lost for follow-up, 1 patient survived 11 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion and early endoscopic investigation through nasal cavity with fungal investigation should highly be strengthened for recognition of this disease. MRI findings should be considered as, or even more, important as that of CT scan on the early diagnoses. Extensive and aggressive surgical debridement, prompt and enough dosage of antifungal therapy intravenously, together with serious controlling of the underlying disease, all take important roles in the complete control of the disease.

Adolescent↗