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Biomedical subjects

B Wiesner

Publications and source records attributed to B Wiesner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Animal experiment studies of the biological effect of artificial mineral fibers].

The extent of the pulmonary reaction to intensive exposure to dust is influenced by a number of factors, in particular the nature of the fibre, morphometry, solubility, duration of dust exposure, dust concentration, and, finally, the manufacturing process of the MMMF product and its chemical composition. The biological effect of the fibres on the lung is manifest by enhanced infiltration by macrophages and an increase in the number of neutrophils. In agreement with numerous published results, our own investigations failed to reveal any signs of a fibrogenic effect of MMMF. The reason for this is presumably the lack of biostability, the tendency of the fibres to fracture crosswise, and the much lower concentration of fibres in the critical length-diameter range. In contrast, MMMF have been shown to induce an irritation of the mucosa and the upper airways. With respect to possible long-term damage produced by MMMF from our own production, we have had no such experience to date.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

[The causes of severe forms of tuberculosis].

Twenty-six patients (7.5% of all treated infective TB) were investigated with a view to establishing the causes of severe tuberculosis. Most of the patients (17) were alcohol-dependent, several had a protracted course (3), while others had concomitant diseases that had a negative influence on the course of the TB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The importance of bronchologic procedures in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma].

For an adequate therapy decision it is necessary to diagnose tumour suspicious findings always as immediately as possible. Bronchological methods and bioptic measurements take the first place in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. With these methods an exact localization of tumour growth in the bronchial system, collection of specimens from the tumour for histological and cytological examinations, and the examination of the bronchial system with regard to the local operability are possible. The bronchological technique using rigid and flexible instruments allows an exact inspection of all bronchial parts down to the bronchi of the 5th generation. With supplementary equipment peripheral tumours are also attainable. The value of bronchological and bioptic methods are critically represented.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

[Incidence of collagenoses in patients with lung fibrosis].

In 63 out of 887 patients with alveolitis and pulmonary fibroses was causally found a so-called "collagenosis". A participation of the lung in such diseases is prognostically unfavourable. The changes in the framework of the lungs radiographically, functionally and morphologically cannot be separated from fibroses of other origin. The diagnosis is to be made after exclusion of other noxae and taking into consideration the appearances of the primary disease (clinic, spectrum of organs, special laboratory parameters etc.).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Theophylline-retard preparations: relation between drug liberation in vitro and their behavior in the human body].

Using theophylline retard preparations, the course of drug concentration in serum can be read from the speed of drug liberation estimated in vitro. For preparations with a strong retard effect we have to calculate a diminished bioavailability. The management of therapy in the therapeutical range and without side effects is possible with preparations with nearly complete bioavailability, nevertheless theophylline remains a problem drug. Firstly, the interindividual deviations are excessive great, with the usual standard dose caused by the different body mass and by the different biotransformation. Secondly, the "Food induced dose dumping" is appearing if taking drug and food is unsuitably coupled. Summarizing the present results, several steps for further optimization of therapy with theophylline retard preparations are proposed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Therapy of asthma with theophylline preparations].

Theophylline, 1.3-dimethylpurindione-(2.6), is a common component as well of the basic treatment of obstructive lung disease as of the emergency therapy of asthma. Until now, the mode of action of the bronchodilating effect is not elucidated. Probably, the antagonistic action upon adenosine plays a central role. The clearance of theophylline is decisive for the serum level. It varies inter- and intraindividually, depending upon different factors, e. g. simultaneous application of other drugs, coexisting diseases, and circadian rhythms. Slow-release preparations are a progress in the basic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Among other items, they are especially advantageous in the treatment of bronchial obstructions during night-time. Theophylline-ethylendiamine (aminophylline) can be given intravenously and thus is the drug of choice in severe attacks of asthma. For optimal therapeutic effects, serum levels between 8 and 20 micrograms/ml are necessary. Side effects are observed mainly with serum levels above 15 micrograms/ml, concerning gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Mild side effects are frequent. The most serious adverse reaction are epileptiform reactions. In perspective, by differentiation of adenosine-receptor-subtypes, the development of new xanthine-derivatives with most favourable action could be feasible.

Asthma↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical use of theophylline retard Oranienburg].

Theophylline retard "Oranienburg" has been applied in mild and intermediate forms of bronchial asthma as monotherapy (n = 40), and in severe forms of the disease in combination with other antiasthmatics (n = 21). With a dose of 560 mg twice daily the drug showed effective antiasthmatic activity which was especially evident from the possible reduction of corticosteroid requirement. The relative high rate of side effects from the drug can be lowered by stepwise increase and individual adjustment of the dose. In general, treatment should start with 2 tablets per day, given with 12 hours interval. To preserve the slow-release action, tablets should not be cut in half. In individual cases, determination of serum level of the drug may be required. The narrow therapeutic margin and the influence of numerous factors upon the clearance of theophylline require a thorough dosage and observation of the patients. Thus, the favourable properties of the preparation (lasting serum levels, improved compliance by patients) can be fully used.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1988

[Complications in endoscopic and endoscopic biopsy studies--analysis of a 1-year patient sample].

We report on a prospective study of complications in 2,133 bronchoscopies, 61 transthoracic lung biopsies, 32 mediastinoscopies and 6 thoracoscopies, performed between 1985 and 1986. There were no deaths or life threatening complications. The total rate of essential complications, e.g. pneumothorax, haemorrhage, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm of all patients with bronchoscopies was 10.5%. Excluding small endobronchial haemorrhages, without influence on the patients state or endoscopic procedures the final rate of complications was 1.9%.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of the argon laser on bronchial tumor tissue].

Argon-ion lasers emit blue-green light, transmittable via fiber for endoscopic tumour therapy and coagulation of small vessels. Effective tumour vaporization could be performed in native biopsy specimens using cw-Argon laser with adjusted power and application time. Tissue colour and vascularity influence the laser effect.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1988

[Expanded thoracic use of the laser].

Using conventional lasers authors create diagnostic and therapeutic thoracoscopic procedures for improvement of present spectrum of pulmonary therapy. Transthoracal punction for insertion of laser fibre and integral photoradiation therapy of pleural tumors are described as new therapeutic laser methods.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗