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Biomedical subjects

B Watt

Publications and source records attributed to B Watt.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of the growth of anaerobic bacteria on the surface pH of solid media.

Changes in surface pH occurring after varying periods of anaerobic incubation were measured for a total of 23 test solid media. There was little change in the surface pH of uninoculated plates, but plates inoculated with Bacteriodes fragilis showed a striking fall in pH, to pH 5 in the case of some of the test media. The problems of controlling the surface pH of solid media are discussed and possible methods of control are considered.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1984

Norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections--a multi-centre trial.

One hundred and twenty-two patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections were treated with either 400 mg bd norfloxacin or 160/800 mg bd cotrimoxazole for 7 days. Follow-up examinations showed norfloxacin to be equally effective as cotrimoxazole in the eradication of bacteriuria and symptoms. Norfloxacin caused fewer and less severe side effects.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1984

Immunoglobulin concentrations in serum and nasal secretions of calves at the onset of pneumonia.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in serum and in nasal secretions were correlated with pneumonia and diarrhea during the first 12 weeks of life in 56 calves. The peak onset of pneumonia occurred between 2 and 4 weeks of age when the calves' serum IgG1, IgG2, and IgA concentrations were lowest. As IgG2 concentrations increased, fewer calves developed pneumonia. Peak onset of pneumonia was also correlated with the lowest IgG and IgA concentrations in the calves' nasal secretions. Most calves developed pneumonia when serum concentrations of IgG1 were less than 1.5 g/dl, IgG2 less than 0.3 g/dl, IgA less than 0.1 g/dl, and IgM less than 0.2 g/dl and when the combined IgG and IgA values in nasal secretions were less than 0.2 mg of Ig/mg of protein. In study A, diarrhea preceded pneumonia in 63% of 56 calves. In study B, 38% of 23 calves had diarrhea and/or hemorrhagic feces before pneumonia. Seemingly, there was a relationship between diarrhea and pneumonia. Furthermore, pneumonia occurred at or just after the time when IgG1, IgG2, and IgA concentrations in serum and the combined IgG and IgA concentrations in nasal secretions were lowest. Pneumonia is a common disease of calves between 1 and 5 months of age, a period coinciding with the usual low point in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations due to catabolism of passively acquired antibodies. Calves that absorb less than adequate amounts of Ig may be susceptible to pneumonia at approximately 2 months of age, when serum Ig concentrations would be lowest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of erythromycin and gentamicin in experimental peritonitis.

Erythromycin and gentamicin were used to analyse the concept of bacterial synergy in an experimental model of acute appendicitis. Erythromycin given orally suppressed the aerobic flora other than the Enterobacteriaceae. When given by injection, a notable reduction in the counts of bacteroides and other anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria was also achieved. The addition of gentamicin, itself inactive against bacteroides, resulted in their total suppression. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

The in-vitro activity of bicozamycin against anaerobic bacteria of clinical interest.

The in-vitro activity of bicozamycin (bicyclomycin, CGP 3543E; FR 1881), an oral antidiarrhoeal agent, was assessed against 389 clinical isolates and reference strains of anaerobic bacteria. The compound inhibited the majority of Gram-negative anaerobes at concentrations of 256 mg/l or less, but all of the test anaerobic cocci and 40 out of 43 strains of clostridia were resistant to this concentration, with MIC values usually in excess of 1024 mg/l. MBC values for bicozamycin against strains of Bacteroides fragilis were generally greatly in excess of MIC values.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1982

Can direct gas-liquid chromatography of clinical samples detect specific organisms?

A total of 1929 samples was analyzed by direct gas-liquid chromatography and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) patterns of the positive samples were compared with the results of culture. There was no correlation between any bacterial genus or species and the detailed VFA patterns although the presence of butyric or valeric acids, or both, was generally associated with the presence of anaerobes and that of acetic acid was generally associated with aerobic bacteria; however, the technique could not predict the nature of the subsequent bacterial isolate. There was also poor correlation between the VFA pattern in a given sample and the VFA pattern(s) of anaerobic bacteria subsequently isolated from that sample.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

Gas-liquid chromatography in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections: a three year experience.

Nearly two thousand clinical samples were examined by direct gas-liquid chromatography over a three year period. Absence of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the samples correlated well with negative culture results for anaerobic bacteria. In general the presence of acetic acid alone correlated well with the presence of aerobic organisms, whereas the presence of a mixture of VFAs correlated well with the presence of anaerobic organisms, either alone or in combination with aerobes. However a proportion of such VFA-positive samples gave no growth on culture. Swabs gave comparable results to samples of pus or exudates except that a higher proportion of the former were VFA-negative but culture positive.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of bacteria in the vagina of normal young women.

We report on factors related to the prevalence of bacteria in the vagina of 1498 women who were attending a family planning clinic. Anaerobes were significantly commoner in women with an abnormal vaginal discharge on clinical examination, in women with a history of a troublesome vaginal discharge and in women who used an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) than in others. The association between anaerobes and abnormalities of vaginal discharge was found both in women who used the IUCD and in women who did not. We found no significant associations between symptoms and other bacterial species or combinations of species. Coliforms were significantly commoner in women who did not use tampons, in women who used the diaphragm and in women who had received recent antibacterial or antifungal treatment than in others. Lactobacilli were significantly commoner in women who used the contraceptive pill, and were significantly less common in women who harboured Candida albicans, anaerobes, coliforms or enterococci and in women who had been treated with antibacterial drugs, than in others. We found no important associations between the presence of bacteria and the patients' age, parity or social class.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of Yeast and fungi other than Candida albicans in the vagina of normal young women.

Yeasts and fungi other than Candida albicans were isolated from the vagina of 86 out of 1498 women (5.7 per cent) who attended a family planning clinic and they comprised 27.7 per cent of all fungal species obtained. These fungi were significantly more common in women aged 35 years and over and in those who used the diaphragm than in others. They were no more common in women with an abnormal vaginal discharge on examination than in others; and they were no more common in women with genitourinary symptoms than in women without.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Vaginal microbial flora in normal young women.

Vaginal swabs were taken from 1498 women attending a family planning clinic. The flora was assessed in the absence of any information about the women to whom the swabs related. Yeasts and fungi were present in 311 women (21%) and were no more prevalent among "pill" users than others. Candida albicans was significantly associated with vulval itching and with a vaginal discharge described as heavier than normal or curdy on clinical examination, though these abnormalities were present in only a minority of women with the organism. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 14 women (1%) and was associated with abnormalities of vaginal discharge in all but one. Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli were significantly more common in women with a troublesome vaginal discharge and those who used an intrauterine device than others. No associations were found between fungi other than C albicans or the other bacteria sought and either symptoms or clinical abnormalities of vaginal discharge.

Adolescent↗