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Biomedical subjects

B Stone

Publications and source records attributed to B Stone.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Intracranial pressure monitors. Epidemiologic study of risk factors and infections.

An increase in the number of cases of gram-negative ventriculomeningitis in patients followed with intracranial pressure monitors when compared with patients with craniotomy alone was revealed by routine surveillance data. A study was undertaken at four area institutions to describe the infections, risk factors, and management. Two hundred fifty-five patients with diagnoses of intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 86), closed trauma (n = 66), open trauma (n = 21), tumor (n = 66), and miscellaneous other conditions were compared with their nonmonitored counterparts for type of intracranial pressure monitor used, use of drains, prophylactic antibiotics, and steroids, and remote presence of infection. The presence of intracranial pressure monitor with craniotomy was associated with an 11 percent infection rate whereas craniotomy alone demonstrated a 6 percent rate. Of the intracranial pressure monitors used, the subarachnoid screw was associated with the lowest infection rate (7.5 percent) followed by the subdural cup catheter (14.9 percent) and the ventriculostomy catheter (21.9 percent). Regardless of the monitor used, infection was twice as likely to develop in patients with open trauma or hemorrhage. The use of bacitracin flush solutions for maintenance of lumen patency was more often associated with infections. Use of prophylactic antibiotics did not significantly influence outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hypercalcemia: a risk factor to patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Hypercalcemia may be associated with neoplastic disease, either as an epiphenomenon resulting from tumor-produced humoral substances or as a direct consequence of bone involvement. Endoscopic procedures are occasionally performed in this group of patients for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This report reviews the interaction of hypercalcemia and sedative hypnotic drugs and suggests that hypercalcemia might be a risk factor for those patients undergoing endoscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.

Long-term survival was evaluated in a total of 12,319 women with first breast cancer, comprising 94.9% of virtually all women with first breast cancers diagnosed in Sweden in 1959 through 1963. After correction for the expected mortality, it was found that age at diagnosis was an important predictor of the probability of escaping the risk of dying of breast cancer (relative survival), with a regular trend toward a more favorable course in younger women. This difference between the age groups is apparent as early as 5 years after diagnosis and increases throughout the period of observation. Thus the relative 20-year survival rates +/- 95% confidence limits were 51.3 +/- 3.8%, 41.2 +/- 3.4%, 34.2 +/- 3.8%, and 16.6 +/- 6.3% at ages 40 through 44, 50 through 54, 60 through 69, and 70 through 79 years, respectively. Patients younger than 40 years diverged from the general trend, with a survival rate of 44.1 +/- 4.6% at 20 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evidence for Ca++-calmodulin control of transplasmalemma electron transport in carrot cells.

Cultured carrot cells exhibit transmembrane ferricyanide reduction through a plasma membrane redox system, which may be associated with an iron reduction and uptake system in plant roots. Here we provide evidence for the inhibition of transplasma membrane ferricyanide reduction by four different Ca2+-calmodulin type antagonists, calmidazolium, trifluoperazine, pimozide and fluphenazine. These compounds inhibit in low concentrations (approximately 5-10 microM) in a time-dependent manner. Higher concentrations (50-100 microM) are required to inhibit transmembrane ferricyanide reduction in 10 min rather than in 30 min. The permeable calcium chelator, TMB-8, also inhibits transmembrane ferricyanide reduction in carrot cells. Since the redox system is controlled by hormones, the effects of anticalmodulin agents on hormone response may be mediated through the redox system.

Calcium↗
PubMed1984

Solubility of fatty acids and other hydrophobic molecules in liquid trioleoylglycerol.

The fat solubilities of some long chain fatty acids, alcohols, alkanes, and triacyglycerols, and of some aromatic, chlorinated aromatic, and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons were measured in trioleoylglycerol. Above their melting temperature, all test compounds are theoretically miscible with liquid fat. Below their melting temperature the solubility of all test compounds can be estimated by the equation: log (mole fraction solubility) = (Formula: see text) where delta Sf, the entropy of fusion, can be estimated from chemical structure according to Yalkowsky and Valvani (J. Pharm. Sci. 1980. 69:912-922), and the melting point (Tm) is either known or experimentally determined. For long chain compounds, solubility in trioleoylglycerol dropped precipitously with an increase in melting point. For the aromatic and chlorinated compounds, the drop was more gradual. Since the entropy of fusion of rigid aromatic compounds is approximately 13.5 e.u. at room temperature, their solubility in triacylglycerol is a linear function of melting point.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1983

Antibodies to native DNA and serum complement (C3) levels. Application to diagnosis and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus.

The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of antibodies to native DNA and low serum C3 levels were investigated in a prospective study in 98 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who were followed for a mean of 38.4 months. Hospitalized patients, patients with other connective tissue diseases, and subjects without any disease served as the control group. Seventy-two percent of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had a high DNA-binding value (more than 33 percent) initially, and an additional 20 percent had a high DNA-binding value later in the course of the illness. Similarly, C3 levels were low (less than 81 mg/100 ml) in 38 percent of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus initially and in 66 percent of the patients at any time during the study. High DNA-binding and low C3 levels each showed extremely high predictive value (94 percent) for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus when applied in a patient population in which that diagnosis was considered. The presence of both abnormalities was 100 percent correct in predicting the diagnosis os systemic lupus erythematosus. Both tests should be included in future criteria for the diagnosis and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

An evaluation of alcoholism services in Minnesota using a social indicator method.

Alcohol-related events in Minnesota are assessed using a social indicator method. Eight events have shown rate average increases of 2.0 to 13.5 per cent per year over the last 7 to 14 years, with most events increasing 5 to 7 per cent. These include traffic fatalities, alcoholic cirrhosis deaths, alcohol deaths, arrest for liquor law violations, convictions, for driving while intoxicated (first and repeat), and state hospital admissions (first and repeat). Statistical analyses of these increases shows that, even with relatively few sample years, the rate and direction of rate increases are highly significant for most events.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

The effect of an exercise program on change in curve in adolescents with minimal idiopathic scoliosis. A preliminary study.

Forty-two adolescents with minimal idiopathic scoliosis, who had been on an exercise program for 9 to 15 months, were evaluated to determine the influence of exercise on change in their curvatures. A difference of 4 degrees or greater between initial and final curve measurements was considered to be a change. Five percent of the curves increased, 74% remained the same, and 21% decreased. Change in curvature for these patients was also compared with that of a matched retrospective group of adolescents with scoliosis who had not had the exercise program. No significant difference in change in curve between the two groups was found. For patients who had been on the exercise program, there was no significant relationship between change in curve and extent of physical activity or between change in curve and exercise recall, correct performance, or frequency. Limitations in the study design and possible explanations for the results are discussed.

Adolescent↗