Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Stevens.
The Foreign Nurse Program was created to respond to a specific need. Other cities and states may find that they too have a population of foreign-educated nurses who have not taken or passed the licensure examination. This program creates one more pathway to increase the ranks of the American nursing work force by using foreign-trained nurses who wish to enter the work force.
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A pediatric pain flow sheet was developed to provide health professionals with a simple means of documenting the child's pain experience. This instrument was pretested and used in a research study to ascertain whether its use would make any difference to the child's postoperative pain intensity and management. Results indicated that nurses who implemented the flow sheet had patients who were in less pain, were assessed more frequently and received more narcotic analgesics.
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The Medical Research Council (England) conducted a double blind placebo controlled trial of fluphenazine decanoate as a form of maintenance therapy for schizophrenic out-patients. The results clearly demonstrated the clinical and social value of the drug in minimizing positive psychotic features, in preventing relapse and thereby alleviating distress amongst the parents of single patients and the wives of married patients. The drug allows the patients to fulfill normal social role expectations.
Existing theories of pain are individually inadequate to explain pain in infants. There is limited understanding of how the physiological response to pain (nociception) relates to the cognitive and behavioral response of infants. Little knowledge exists on how the context in which pain is experienced affects physiological and behavioral responses. Lack of a clear conceptualization of pain in infants has implications for nursing practice and research, most notably in the area of pain assessment and management. Several theories must be considered to address the complexity and multidimensionality of pain in infants.
The incremental costs incurred by VLBW (less than 1,500 grams) infants during the first year of life accounted for one-third of the $11.4 billion spent in the U.S. on health care. Developmental care for VLBW infants focuses on light and noise management, coordination of interventions to minimize sleep interruptions and positioning/bundling the infant to prevent disorganizaiton and promote self-regulation. When compared to 60 VLBW infants receiving conventional NICU care, improved physiologic stability measures and fewer days in the NICU were recorded for the 60 VLBW infants cared for by nurses and trained developmental care specialists. Because the move from the NICU to the transitional unit occurred earlier for the developmental group of VLBW infants, and their nursing intensity needs were lower, the average cost savings achieved for this group was $4,340 per infant during the first 35 days of life or less if discharged.