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Biomedical subjects

B Stenkvist

Publications and source records attributed to B Stenkvist.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A program system for interactive measurements on digitized cell images.

Using a high precision image scanner and a PDP-8/F minicomputer, we have developed a program system for interactive measurements on microscopic images. By giving simple keyboard commands, the operator can run the image scanner and manipulate the digitized images. The interface between the operator and the microscope-computer system is a Tektronix 4010 graphic terminal. The system allows objects to be isolated and parameters to be calculated from each object, e.g., parameters characterizing shape of the object, irregularity in light transmission over the object, area, integrated light transmission, etc. Objects are isolated and parameters are calculated under complete operator control using interactive computer graphics technique. Calculated parameters may be stored in dedicated data records, which are stored in files for later statistical analysis. The system also includes a statistical evaluation part. Technically, the system consists of a command scanner, which translates commands into internal representation, a parser, which checks the syntax of the commands, and an interpreter, which executes the commands. The system is designed so that new commands can be added easily.

Computers↗
PubMed1977

Malignancy grading of epithelial bladder tumours. Reproducibility of grading and comparison between forceps biopsy, aspiration biopsy and exfoliative cytology.

107 bladder tumours cystoscopically suspected to be malignant were examined morphologically by forceps biopsy, aspiration biopsy and exfoliative cytology. The malignancy was graded from 0 through 4. The reproducibility of each method was established, and was found to be 80%, 65% and 90%, respectively. Exfoliative cytology underestimated the malignancy grade as compared with histopathology (59% of the malignant tumours were not jduged as malignant in the cytological grading), but showed no tendency towards overestimation and gave no falsely postiive diagnoses of malignancy. It is concluded that diagnosis of bladder tumours requires both biopsy and cytological techniques, since they proved complementary in a number of cases. Grading by aspiration biopsy is less reliable but may be of benefit in selected cases where forceps biopsy is less suitable.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

Classification of cells in vaginal smears with television microscopy.

Properties of 924 cells were measured using a television microscope. A program was written using measured properties discriminating between normal and malignant cells. An investigation of the number of free-lying whole cells and free-lying nuclei on a malignant smear is presented. It is shown that it is possible to get a rather accurate discrimination for single cells using television microscopy with only 10 grey-levels and measuring only density of nucleus, cytoplasm and size of nucleus. However, if classification of single cells should be applied to classify an entire smear, the accuracy in the classification of the single cells must be very high.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1976

SCANCANS--an interactive scanning cell analysis system.

This paper describes a computerized, general-purpose, interactive, scanning cell-analysis system developed at the Department of Clinical Cytology of the University Hospital in Uppsala. The system uses a Leitz MPV II scanning photometer, a PDP-8 computer with 24 k of core memory and a Tektronix 4010 graphic display terminal. A command interpreter and overlay structure which makes it simple to add new capabilities to the system is described. Some examples of command strings and the kind of operations the system can perform are included. Finally, the experience gained from using the system and some plans for future extensions are discussed.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1976

A microspectrophotometric study of Papanicolaou-stained cervical cells as an aid in computerized image processing.

As part of a study of cytologic automation, microspectrophotometric investigation of Papanicolaou-stained cervical cells was performed, using a Leitz MPV-II scanning photometer connected to a PDP 8/F minicomputer. It was shown that the selection of one single wavelength may result in difficulties in detecting boundries between background and cytoplasm and/or between cytoplasm nucleus. A set of two wavelengths, 530 nm and 570 nm, were found to be optimal for the image processing of these cells.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1976

On the significance of nipple discharge in the diagnosis of breast disease.

Nipple discharge, especially the blood-stained type, is regarded as an important symptom in breast disease. In many reports the high incidence of malignancy is stressed and an active surgical approach has often been recommended. In this series of 80 women with nipple discharge the type of secretion and the result of exfoliative cytology were evaluated. Three women had cancer but the nipple discharge was important for the diagnosis in only one case. Six women had papilloma and in all the nipple discharge was essential for the diagnosis. Fibroadenosis and duct ectasia were the most common diagnoses. The blood-stained secretion was due to fibroadenosis in about half of the cases. No cancer was found in 46 women with a serous secretion. When a tumour is present nipple discharge is of little importance for the diagnosis and treatment. In the absence of a tumour and when exfoliative cytology gives no suspicion of cancer and no atypical cells or papillomatous clusters are present, an expectant attitude towards surgery seems satisfactory. With such an approach many surgical biopsies prove unnecessary, but a prerequisite is an organized follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Cytological differentiation of asymptomatic pancreatic islet cell tumours in autopsy material.

In eleven cases thirteen pancreatic islet cell adenomas were found in autopsy material from 1366 adult cases. Ten of the adenomas were solitary, while 3 small adenomas were observed in a single case. Another four possible solitary adenomas were observed, but their identity was uncertain owing to marked fibrosis. All the adenomas contained A-2 (A)-1 cells but no B (B)-1 cells. Nine of them also contained A-1 (D)-1 cells. The majority of cells in the adenomas were A-2 cells or cells which did not stain with any of the techniques used. The 4 possible adenomas contained islet cells (A-1, A-2, B) in different proportions. With one exception the patients with adenomas and possible adenomas were 65 years of age or older, and in some of these cases adenomas or hyperplasias were also found in other endocrine organs. The frequency of gastroduodenal ulcers or scars in the cases with adenoma or possible adenoma did not differ notably from that found in the cases without pancreatic adenomas. Among the cases with pancreatic adenoma and possible adenoma there were 3 patients with maturity onset diabetes mellitus, but otherwise no clinical symptoms of endocrine disturbances were noted.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1975

The diagnostic accuracy of palpation and fine-needle biopsy and an evaluation of their combined use in the diagnosis of breast lesions: report on a prospective study in 1244 women with symptoms.

In 1244 women with breast symptoms an evaluation by means of palpation was made with respect to diagnosis of malignancy according to a four-grade scale ranging from "definite cancer" to "no cancer." Aspiration biopsy and cytologic examination were then performed in 984 breast lesions. The diagnosis from the cytologic evaluation ranged from benign, through three grades of atypia (slight, moderate, grave) to cancer. A histologic diagnosis was made in 411 cases and in 28% it was cancer. Cancer was found in 92.5% of the patients with a palpatory diagnosis of "definite cancer," and in 50% of those with a palpatory diagnosis of "strong suspicion of cancer." In all patients in whom cancer was diagnosed cytologically, the same diagnosis was made at histology, while 87.5% of those with grave atypia at the cytologic examination were diagnosed histologically as having cancer. A false negative cytologic diagnosis was made in 4% of the cancer cases. With a combination of palpation and cytology, 91% of the cancer cases fell within the groups "definite cancer," "strong suspicion of cancer" (palpation)/"cancer," "grave atypia" (cytology). No patients with cancer were evaluated as "no cancer" (palpation)/"no atypia" (cytology). In this group of 697 patients, however, one cancer was discovered after 7 months. The investigation showed that a thorough palpatory evaluation is a prerequisite for a good result of aspiration biopsy, in particular to meet the risk of a false negative cytologic diagnosis. The cytologic examination revealed cancer in 6 and 12 cases, respectively, when palpation gave no or some suspicion of cancer, and in many cases it was able to eliminate malignancy suspected on palpation. Cytologic atypia indicated cancer in a relatively high per cent, but was also noted in many cases found to be benign histologically. The possibilities of reducing the number of "unnecessary" surgical biopsies by using a combination of palpation and cytology is discussed.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1975

A computer based system for gynecological cytology.

A computer system is described for cytological report and registration routines in gynecological practice. The sociomedical advantages of the integration of such a computer system with a previously described computer system for organized pynecological health control are pointed out.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Organization of a breast tumour clinic and aspects of data analysis of a clinical material.

With the aim of making it easier for patients with tumours or suspected tumours of the breast to obtain adequate medical advice and treatment, a special breast tumour clinic was established at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital in Uppsala for women resident in the county of Uppsala. The waiting time was less than one week. In addition to palpation, fine-needle biopsy with cytological examination, mammography and xeroradiography were performed. Close co-operation between a few doctors responsible for the various diagnostic units made it possible to give the patients quick service and contributed to an efficient use of the diagnostic resources. The clinic functioned mainly within the framework of the existing medical care facilities and did not act as a screening project. Over a period of 15 months, 1244 women were examined. 116 had breast cancer, and 5 of these tumours were occult. A comparatively low mean tumour size and a low frequency of lymph node metastases would seem to indicate that the patients came under medical care at a relatively early stage. For recording of the case histories and examination findings, special medical records permitting data processing were used. This has facilitated follow-up of the patients, special checks on certain patient groups, statistical analyses and prospective investigations. We consider that, for the patient, a clinic of this kind offers considerable psychological and financial benefits, and that for the health service as a whole it means increased efficiency and a lower cost per patient. It seems probable that both the patient's and the doctor's delay are reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Clinical findings in relation to morphology in breast carcinoma.

In 117 women with breast cancer, breast size, tumour size, suspicion of malignancy and clinical stage (Columbia Clinical Classification) were assessed clinically by palpation. Tumour size, degree of differentiation, malignancy grading (Ackerman), co-existent cystic fibroadenosis and axillary node metastases were assessed histopathologically. Differentiation was also assessed cytologically. There was good agreement between clinical and pathological measurements of tumour size. Ackerman's histopathological grading of malignancy correlated with the other criteria better than some other systems of malignancy grading. A higher histopathological malignancy grade was found in larger tumours and older patients. There was no clear relationship between cytological and histopathological malignancy grading. Lymph node metastases occurred three times more often in large breasts than in small ones, in spite of relatively slight differences in tumour size. Cancers in breast with cystic fibroadenosis were smaller, less malignant histopathologically and had fewer lymph node metastases than cancers in breasts without cystic fibroadenosis. "Definite cancer" on palpation was more often associated with a highly malignant tumour than a less suspected palpatory finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Diagnostic delay in cancer of the breast.

The occurence of delay in the diagnosis of breast cancer was investigated in 115 women with breast cancer. Earlier breast disease and earlier consultations for breast symptoms were thoroughly inquired about and analysed. The part of "diagnostic delay" referred to "doctor's delay" occurred in one fifth of the breast cancer patients but in one third of the patients under 50 years of age compared to one seventh of the patients over 50 years. The reasons for delay were: incomplete investigation of palpable or suspected breast tumour, non-representativeness of surgical biopsy or of slides taken for histopathological examination, underestimation of atypia at histopathological examination, unsatisfactory follow-up after biopsy of suspected tumour.

Adult↗