Cardiac glycosides and breast cancer, revisited.
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Breast Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
B Stenkvist
Publications and source records attributed to B Stenkvist.
Correlation between cytometric features and mitotic frequency in human breast carcinoma.
An evaluation of cytometric features of 142 human breast cancers was performed. Twenty-two cytometric features describing density, structure and shape were correlated with mitotic frequency and labeling index of some of the tumors and with the observed recurrence rate of the tumors within 3 years after removal of the breast. A new cytometric measure was also created by combining the four features most strongly correlated with mitotic frequency of the tumors. It was found that the variance of the nuclear area was the feature that was most strongly correlated with mitotic frequency and recurrence rate. No new cytometric measure created by combining the four features most strongly correlated with mitotic frequency, correlated as well as variance of nuclear area even though the four features were optimized by multiple regression analysis for their correlation with mitotic frequency.
Breast Neoplasms↗
A morphometric expression of differentiation in fine-needle biopsies of breast cancer.
An automated method of particle sizing in fine-needle biopsies of human breast carcinomas is described. The average size of clusters of cells aspirated from breast carcinomas was strongly correlated with cytologic differentiation of the tumors and also with the recurrence rate 3 years after mastectomy so that smaller cluster size was associated with poor differentiation and a poor prognostic outcome. It thus seems possible to express in quantitative terms the degree of differentiation of breast carcinomas.
Biopsy, Needle↗
Multifocal breast carcinoma.
The present study comprises 173 breast cancers in women living in Sweden. Mastectomy was performed and the surgical specimens were thoroughly scrutinized histopathologically with special attention given to the mammary tissue outside the dominant mass. Fifty-two patients (30 percent) had multifocal growth in the same breast as the dominant breast cancer. The patients have been followed up for 3 years after operation and compared with age-matched controls. The multifocal growth was not correlated with age, size of the tumor or death of the patient within 3 years. A previous diagnosis of benign breast disease was significantly more common among the cancer patients than among the controls, although it was unrelated to multifocal growth. This study stresses the importance of considering the high incidence of multifocal growth of breast cancer when discussing treatment by operation less radical than mastectomy.
Breast Diseases↗
TULIPS: the Uppsala-Linkoping Image Processing System.
The Uppsala-Linkoping Image Processing System, TULIPS, is described. TULIPS, a hardware-software system designed for cell image processing, was developed at Uppsala University Hospital in cooperation with the Department of Electrical Engineering at Linkoping University. The hardware part of the image processing system is built around a high-speed data bus with a capacity of about 40 M byte/sec connected to a PDP-11/55 host computer. An image memory, an LSI-11 microcomputer and a video interface for displaying the image memory content on a TV monitor are also connected to the high-speed bus. An automated microscope and a "Poulsen processor" for low resolution segmentation, both to be attached to the high-speed bus, are being developed. A monitor and an interpreter for an image processing language have been implemented on the host computer. This software system allows interactive, as well as batch, processing. The degree of user interaction is easily adapted to the user's needs. The image processing language is command oriented, and it is easily expanded by adding new commands. The system has been used both for studies in the field of quantitative microscopy and as a platform for development and testing of new image processing algorithms.
Computers↗
Cardiac glycosides and breast cancer.
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Breast Neoplasms↗
Demonstration of protein AA in subcutaneous fat tissue obtained by fine needle biopsy.
Polarisation microscopy of material obtained by fine needle biopsy of subcutaneous tissue and stained with Congo red is a simple and reliable method for the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. It cannot, however, be used to differentiate histologically between different forms of amyloidosis. In the present study extracts of material obtained by fine needle biopsy of subcutaneous fat tissue from 13 patients were examined by double immunodiffusion with an antiserum against protein AA, a unique protein which forms a major part of the fibrils in secondary amyloidosis. Five of the patients showed amyloid deposits round the fat cells by conventional microscopy. In 3 of these, all with rheumatoid arthritis, protein AA was detected. Eight patients without amyloidosis and 2 with myelomatosis and amyloidosis showed no reaction with antiprotein AA antiserum. Thus the material obtained by fine needle biopsy of subcutaneous tissue could be used not only for the histological diagnosis of amyloidosis but also for a classification of systemic amyloidosis into secondary or primary based on the type of amyloid fibril protein involved.
Adipose Tissue↗
Analysis of reproducibility of subjective grading systems for breast carcinoma.
The inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of three grading systems for breast cancer has been analysed: those of the World Health Organisation, of Black, and of Hartveit. In addition, the components forming the basis of these grading systems were analysed separately with regard to reproducibility and interrelationship. In this analysis, degree of differentiation was also included as a parameter. The grading systems of WHO and of Black gave a stratification of the material into three categories of tumours, but that of Hartveit did not. All three systems had a low inter- and intra-observer reproducibility. Truncated component analysis indicated that the grading systems of WHO and of Black are closely related to each other and to the 'nuclear lobulation' component of Hartveit's system. The components 'pleomorphism', 'mitotic frequency', and 'hyperchromasia' of the WHO system were closely interrelated. Descriptors such as 'differentiation' and 'tubule formation' were interrelated but acted in a different direction from the others.
Breast Neoplasms↗
High resolution segmentation of cervical cells.
A major problem in the automation of cervical cytology screening is the segmentation of cell images. This paper presents the present status of the work on that problem at the University of Uppsala. A dual resolution system is used. Suspect malignant cells are located at 4 mu resolution. Each such cell is rescanned at 0.5 mu resolution at two different wavelengths, 530 and 570 nm. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are isolated each by two independent methods. For the nucleus adaptive thresholding in the histogram of the 570 nm image and a contouring in a radially transformed version of that image is used. For the cytoplasm a two dimensional thresholding in the 2D histogram and a contouring in a radially transformed version of the 530 nm image is used. If the two nuclear masks agree the surrounding area is checked for disturbing objects. If also the cytoplasm masks agree and are without disturbing objects the whole cell is accepted. The result of the cytoplasm masks agree and are without disturbing objects the whole cell is accepted. The result of the segmentation is thus three categories; free cells, free nuclei and rejected objects. The shape of the objects belonging to the former two categories is checked and irregularly shaped ones are rejected as probably consisting of several overlapping nuclei. Cells passing also this test are classified as normal or malignant. The experience from using this algorithm is discussed and areas for further research are pointed out.
Cell Nucleus↗
Nasocytologic examination of wood industry workers.
To establish a methodology for field examination for early diagnosis of ethmoidal cancer in workers in the furniture industry, two methods were compared, namely nasal rinsing and direct sample-taking from the middle meatus. The latter method proved superior, resulting in a high number of cylinder cells. This method was tried out in a field survey of 715 furniture workers. No tumours of precancerous changes were revealed. The investigation continues, by exposing the Syrian golden hamster to wood-dust and using, amongst other methods, quantitative nuclear morphometry for evaluation.
Cytodiagnosis↗
Bronchial carcinoma. I. A prospective five year study on an unselected carcinoma population in a Swedish county.
No prospective clinical investigations of unselected total materials of bronchial carcinoma have been reported. The clinical profile of 273 patients with histologically verified bronchial carcinoma from a Swedish county during 1971-1976 is presented. The difficulties in making valid comparisons with other literature reports makes it necessary to describe in detail the total material. Such a description is given in the present paper. In order to avoid different selection mechanisms an attempt was made to collect an almost total material. No patients were lost in the follow-up. Autopsy was performed in 95% of the deceased patients. The distribution of the histological WHO groups in the total material was: 44% group I, 18% group II, 29% group III and 9% group IV. The material was used for randomized investigations of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and placebo treatment in inoperable patients with the purpose of studying the quality of survival in addition to survival time. For the measurement of the quality of survival the Carlens vitagram index was used (Carlens et al. 1970). The influence of a general health survey with mass miniature chest X-ray was also studied, since such a survey was performed in the region of the study. The expected 5-year survival is estimated to be 7%. Only 20 patients with resectional therapy without known signs of metastases are expected to survive. Nine (45%) of these patients were discovered by mass miniature chest X-ray and thus for a limited number of patients the detection by the general health survey gives a better prognosis.
Adult↗
[Diagnosis in amyloidosis].
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Adipose Tissue↗
Reproductive history and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in an unselected Swedish population.
Variables in reproductive histories were studied in 179 consecutively detected, unselected breast cancer patients and age-matched controls selected from a computerized population register. The comparison between patients and controls showed no significant difference in age at meanarche, age at first birth, age at menopause or number of children. A subdivision into pre- and post-menopausal women yielded no further information. These results are at variance with most earlier reports, possible because the controls here were selected from the whole female population instead of hospitalized patients. Our data do not support the view that it is possible to define groups at high risk for breast cancer on the basis of productive histories.
Adult↗
Computer analysis of cervical cells. Automatic feature extraction and classification.
A prescreening instrument for cervical smears using computerized image processing and pattern recognition techniques requires that single cells in the specimen can be automatically isolated and analyzed. This paper describes a dual wavelength method for automatic isolation of the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells. Density-oriented, shape-oriented and texture-oriented parameters were calculated and evaluated for more than 600 cells. It is shown that the computer can be taught to distinguish between normal and atypical cells with an accuracy of ca. 97%, while human classification reproducibility is ca. 95%. In addition, an attempt to assign a measure of atypia to individual cells is described.
Cell Nucleus↗
Computerized nuclear morphometry as an objective method for characterizing human cancer cell populations.
A new method for measuring differences in nuclear detail in chrome alum gallocyanin-stained nuclei of cells from human breast cancers was compared with conventional subjective grading and classification systems. The new method, termed computerized nuclear morphometry (CNM), gives a multivariate numerical score that correlates well with nuclear atypia and gives a higher reproducibility of classification than do subjective observations with conventional histological preparations. When 100 individual nuclei from each of 137 breast cancers were examined by CNM, there was a broad CNM score variation between patients but a good reproducibility for each tumor. When different parts of the same tumor were sampled, there was good reproducibility between samples, indicating that some breast cancers at least are "geometrically monoclonal." When these cancers were compared by the grading systems of WHO and Black, correlations of 0.43 and 0.48, respectively, were found. There was a poor correlation between CNM and classifications of tumor type, but in general there were high values for CNM in medullary tumors and low values in mucous tumors. Correlations between CNM and tumor progression and prognosis await future study of patients participating in the study.
Breast Neoplasms↗
The invasive pituitary adenoma. A prolactin-producing tumor.
Invasive pituitary adenoma was diagnosed by means of a transnasal aspiration biopsy method in 11 patients with extensive destruction of bone in the sellar region. In most cases the initial symptoms were decrease of libido and potency or amenorrhea-galactorrhea. Later, chiasmatic compression developed in six patients, ocular motor signs in two, and epilepsy in two. Most of the patients had symptoms for many years; in two, the tumor was discovered by chance. They all had very high serum-prolactin values. The patients were treated with irradiation, and the prognosis seems to be relatively favorable.
Adenoma↗
A software system to record and analyze digitized cell images.
This paper describes basic software for digitization and processing of microscopic cell images used at the Department of Clinical Cytology at Uppsala University Hospital. A family of programs running on a PDP-8 minicomputer which is connected to a Leitz Orthoplan microscope with two image scanners, one diode-array scanner and a moving-stage photometer, is used for data collection. The digitized image data is converted by converted by conversion program to IBM compatible format. The data structures for image processing and statistical evaluation on the IBM system are also described. Finally, some experiences from the use of the software in cytology automation are discussed.
Cell Biology↗
Influence of height, weight and obesity on risk of breast cancer in an unselected Swedish population.
A number of recent studies have shown an association between breast-cancer risk and height, weight and dietary habits, especially fat consumption. In the present study, height and weight were determined for 179 consecutive, unselected, breast-cancer patients and age-matched controls selected from a computerized population register. Height and weight for these two groups were compared, including two different indices for overweight (Quetelet's index and Broca's index). Comparisons were repeated after subdivision into pre- and postmenopausal women. In all calculations, the mean values of patients and controls were very similar and without significant difference. It therefore seems improbable that increased height and weight or obesity constitute risk factors for breast cancer. Earlier studies may have shown differences as the result of selection mechanisms not present in this study.
Body Height↗