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Biomedical subjects

B Sommer

Publications and source records attributed to B Sommer.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Serum concentrations of theophylline in children treated with two daily doses of a sustained-release theophylline preparation.

Over a 3-month period 22 asthmatic children were treated with a sustained-release theophylline preparation (Nuelin Retard, Riker) in twice-daily doses. During the first 2 weeks of treatment slight side-effects were observed in 14 children. Over the remaining 10-week period only four children experienced minor-side-effects. Serum theophylline levels 4 hours after tablet administration were measured three times and serum levels just before tablet administration were measured once during the observation period. The average difference between the serum levels of theophylline just before tablet administration and the corresponding serum value 4 hours afterwards was 4.2 microgram/ml. The serum values 4 hours after tablet administration showed an insignificant fall throughout the period and patient compliance was assessed as good. When the average requirements of theophylline in mg/kg found by Wyatt et al. (15) (Table 2) were used as initial doses, few dosage adjustments were necessary and no serum values were greater than 26.2 microgram/ml, but in order to avoid serum levels above 20 microgram/ml initial doses should be decreased about 10% and final adjustment made with the aid of serum theophylline measurement under steady state conditions. In children, Nuelin Retard given in two daily doses is capable of maintaining a constant therapeutic serum concentration for the whole 24-hour period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The diagnostic value of computerized tomography in mediastinal diseases depending on their localization].

The diagnostic ranking and importance of computerised tomography was examined in 116 patients with abnormal findings in the mediastinal region, and was compared with conventional, non-invasive x-ray examinations. This method also yielded significant CT-specific additional information in the anterior mediastinum in 74.4% of the cases, in the mesomediastinum in 69.1%, in the posterior mediastinum in 79.2% in the upper thoracic aperture in 94.4% and in the paracardial region in 100% of the cases. The hilar region is an exception; in 68.8% of the cases, both methods were rated equal, whereas in 28.1% of the cases assessment via the CT method was even inferior. The specific additional information furnished by the CT method justifies a wider application of CT in solving the following problems concerning the mediastinum. -- clarification of a suspected but not yet established space-occupying growth in the mediastinum, before using invasive diagnostic methods such as mediastinoscopy and angiography; -- staging of an already identified primary mediastinal tumor of malignant lymphoma; -- in case of suspected changes in the large mediastinal vessels before employing angiography; -- on-target in the following diseases: bronchogenic carcinoma (because of improved pretherapeutic staging according to the TNM system), myasthenia gravis and identification of thymoma, hyperparathyroidism with suspected dystopic parathyroid glands.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1981

Rectal administration of theophylline in aqueous solution.

Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index which complicates rapid effective administration. Therapeutic serum levels without toxic concentrations can usually be achieved only by a 20 min intravenous administration. In the present study 20 children were given a single dose of theophyllinne in aqueous solution rectally. Serum theophylline levels were determined, and they equalled those found after a 20 min intravenous infusion of theophylline. No adverse effects were observed. The variations in peak serum levels were the same as those reported after intravenous administration. Therefore rectal administration of an aqueous solution of theophylline may become a valuable alternative to the intravenous route. The procedure is simple, can be used at home by the parents even in cases of nausea and vomiting, and an accurate dosage calculated in mg/kg is possible. This treatment, however, cannot be recommended until further investigations have been carried out.

Asthma↗
PubMed1980

[The technique for demonstrating the renal arteries during an excretion urogram. Bolus technique--timing--simultaneous tomography (author's transl)].

The aorta and renal arteries, as far as their intrarenal branches, can be demonstrated in the course of an excretion urogram if the contrast medium (1 ml/kg body weight, maximum 60 ml) is injected at a flow rate of 10 to 15 ml/sec (Bolus technique). The intravenous bolus injection was carried out in 180 patients without any significant complications. In order to obtain the correct timing on a single film it is necessary to determine the circulation time from the arm vein to the abdominal aorta in each individual. The addition of 0.2 to 0.3 mCi 99mTc to the contrast medium makes it possible to determine the circulation time accurately. This varied from 9 to 22 seconds. By using tomography with 1 cm cuts and a 4.5 cm format, it was possible to show the left or right renal arteries from the aorta to their intrarenal branches in 82% patients. In 126 (70%) of the 180 patients, both renal arteries were demonstrated. The demonstration of renal arteries during the course of an excretion urogram represents an advance on the conventional technique. The indications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The oblique projection in lung perfusion scintigraphy (author's transl)].

In perfusion lung imaging by scintillation camera routine use of posterior oblique views is recommended in addition to anterior and posterior views. Avoiding overlap activity ("shine through") from the contralateral lung they improve the detection rate as well as the characterisation and localisation of perfusion defects especially in the lower lobes. Artifacts due to increased absorption in the scapular region or to compression by mediastinal structures should be recognized.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Radio-nuclide phlebography: methods, indications and clinical value (author's transl)].

Radionuclide venography (RNV) is an easily performed, rapid and non-invasive diagnostic examination for the detection of deep-vein thrombosis. Provided the procedure is followed out in a standardized order, the results are highly reliable and accurate, especially in the iliac and femoral veins. Therefore, because of this advantage and the possibility of simultaneous lung perfusion scanning and the lack of serious complications this method fills a gap between contrast phlebography and fibrinogen test. 122 limbs of 69 patients were investigated by RNS. 65% showed pathologic results. In 48% thrombotic venous occlusions could be demonstrated. Pulmonary embolic perfusion defects were found in 46% of patients presenting deep vein thrombosis but only in 15% of patients without pathologic findings in RNV. In correlation with contrast phlebography in 11 patients there was no discrepancy neither in recognition nor in localization of the thrombotic occlusion. The essential findings in RNV and the resulting diagnostic conclusions are demonstrated.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Stress and menstrual distress.

The relationship between stress and menstrual distress is considered in response to three questions: (1) How stressful are menstruation and its associated events? (2) What factors serve to make menstruation stressful? (3) What are the effects of stress upon the menstrual cycle? Included in the analysis are estimates of the incidence of negative symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle, other indicators of the stressfulness of the premenstrual and menstrual phases, adrenal factors, animal studies, and suggested directions for research and practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Microsporum canis infection: first epidemic in Israel.

We report here on the first epidemic of Microsporum canis infection in Israel. All 78 cases were diagnosed in the port city of Eilat between August, 1975 and May 1976. The epidemic has apparently been controlled with Griseofulvin therapy and public health measures.

Adolescent↗