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Biomedical subjects

B Smith

Publications and source records attributed to B Smith.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Neuroendocrine dysfunction in galactorrhea-amenorrhea after oral contraceptive use.

Nonpuerperal alactorrhea and amenorrhea have been reported following the use of oral contraceptives. Treatment of this condition with ergot alkaloids has proved to be of great therapeutic value. Pretreatment plasma hLH and hFSH concentrations in 13 women with postqill galactorrhea-amenorrhea (PPGA) were 6.6 plus or minus 0.6 (SE.) and 5.0 plus or minus 0.8 mlU/ml, respectively. The mean prolactin concentration was 80.7 plus or minus 13.2 ng/ml. After complete evaluation in which diagnostic evidence of pituitary tumor was absent, the patients were treated with ergocryptine (CB-154). The mean hPRL concentration at 14 days of therapy was 7.8 p;us or minus 1.9 ng/ml. Cyclic gonadotropin secretion resumed in all but one instance; ovulation was confirmed on the basis of a biphasic temperature chart and in 5 cases, endometrial biopsy. Measurement of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity indicated a significant decline at the end of 8 weeks of CB-154 therapy. The fall in hPRL was not necessarily associated with a fall in DBH. The majority of women in this study exhibited a consistent personality suggesting varying degrees of anxiety unrelated to the PPGA and usually antedating the use of oral contraceptives. PPGA was found in women without hyperprolactinemia, but altered hPRL secretion was evident in all instances. The data suggest that the disorder of cyclic gonadotropin secretion is related to altered hPRL secretion, but the mechanism is possibly related to a catecholamine abnormality. The data support the presence of an inherent cyclic mechanism for the secretion of gonadotropins. CB-154 therapy does not affect conception, and no teratogenic effects were observed in 2 infants born to women who had received CB-154 during the first 40 days of gestation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1975

Brain damage after intrathecal methotrexate.

Ten brains from leukaemic patients given intrathecal methotrexate and 10 from leukaemic patients without intrathecal therapy have been examined. Three of the methodtrexate treated patients appear to have died from their therapy. The histological changes consisted of destruction of oligodendrocytes, sometimes complete over large areas, and sometimes relatively slight. All the patients who survived long enough after treatment showed severe astrocytosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Developing a utilization review model for community mental health centers.

During their struggles to develop a utilization review model for a community mental health center, members of an interdisciplinary committee identified several issues they believe are important in establishing such a model. They include comprehensiveness of participation and of areas for review (the review committee should represent all disciplines and programs, and should be concerned with any aspect of center functioning), a problem-review approach in which subcommittees carry out documented studies of issues or problems, and specific provision for feedback and implementation of the results.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1975

Deformities of the midface resulting from malunited orbital and naso-orbital fractures.

In midfacial fractures the crucial area is the upper portion of the midfacial skeleton which lodges the orbits, the interorbital space with its anatomic relationship with the anterior cranial fossa, the lacrimal apparatus, the levator muscle, and the skeletal structures of the nose. Because of the severity of the injuries in a multisystem injured patient, these fractures may be neglected or receive inadequate primary treatment. In some cases the damage is so extensive that primary treatment can only accomplish part of the task. Late reconstruction is necessary, therefore, and is the subject of this paper.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1975

Phlegmonous gastritis.

We have reviewed 23 documented cases of phlegmonous gastritis reported since 1945 in the American literature, and have added 2 of our own. A small series of cases makes it somewhat difficult to draw any definite conclusions regarding the modes of presentation; nonetheless, some clinical trends are discernible. In a patient with a history of large ethanol intake, a recent bout of "gastritis," or recent upper respiratory infection, who presents with acute upper abdominal pain, peritonitis, purulent ascitic fluid, and fever, the diagnosis of phlegmonous gastritis must be considered in differential diagnosis. With normal serum amylase, no historical evidence of ulcer or gallbladder disease, the diagnosis becomes even more probable. Preoperative diagnosis is rare, but gastroscopy with or without biopsy, and culture of gastric contents may establish the diagnosis. The definitive treatment would appear to be resection or drainage of the stomach, combined with large doses of systemic antibiotics, usually penicillin. The surgical mortality in cases reviewed was 18.2%, while the medical mortality was 100%. The overall mortality was 67%. It is hoped that more frequent recognition of this disease entity will lead to earlier diagnosis and a resulting lower morbidity and mortality.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline.

Twelve premature infants with primary apnea were treated with theophylline as an alternative to mechanical ventilation. There was a significant (P smaller than .005) reduction in the mean daily number and the severity of apneic episodes after treatment. The only significant side effect noted was a rise in heart rate.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1974

Neuropathology of the oesophagus in diabetes mellitus.

Abnormalities of the innervation of the oesophagus have been shown in 18 out of 20 unselected diabetics without clinical dysphagia or neuropathy. The changes appear to be in the axons of the extrinsic and intrinsic parasympathetic fibres. It is probable that, as in the peripheral nerves, the major changes are in the Schwann cells, although here the affected fibres are unmyelinated.

Diabetes Mellitus↗