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Biomedical subjects

B Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to B Sharma.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Disposition of chloramphenicol in young rhesus monkeys with protein-energy malnutrition.

The disposition of chloramphenicol was studied in young rhesus monkeys at three levels of nutrition: control, protein-energy deficiency, and following nutritional rehabilitation. During the malnutrition phase, the plasma elimination half-life was prolonged and the plasma clearance was reduced. Simultaneously there was a decrease in the activity of chloramphenicol-specific UDP-glucuronyl transferase. These changes were reversible following nutritional rehabilitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Left ventricular thrombi diagnosed by echocardiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with intracoronary streptokinase followed by intravenous heparin.

Thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with intracoronary streptokinase (7 X 10(5) +/- 3 X 10(5) IU) followed by 10 days of intravenous heparin (800 to 1,500 IU/hour) therapy were prospectively studied by serial 2-dimensional echocardiography for left ventricular (LV) thrombus. Within the first 24 hours, evidence of a thrombolytic state appeared as indicated by fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (123 +/- 45 mg/dl at 24 hours). Throughout the course of this study partial thromboplastin times were maintained within therapeutic range (40 to 100 seconds). Apical LV thrombus developed in 8 of 30 patients (27%). Apical thrombus developed within 24 hours in 3 patients with anterior AMI and persisted through day 10. By day 10, apical thrombus developed in 3 additional patients with anterior AMI and 2 patients with inferior AMI. In these patients, anterior AMI and apical dysfunction were significant (p less than 0.01 for both) determinants of LV thrombus formation. Hence, the incidence of LV thrombus in patients treated with streptokinase/heparin is similar to that reported earlier in comparable patients not receiving thrombolytic therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Antibody response of cattle to rinderpest vaccine.

Antibody production was studied in cattle infected with rinderpest vaccine virus. Vaccinated cattle produced both IgM and IgG serum antibodies. The IgG antibodies were mainly those of IgG2 subclass. No IgA antibody response was detected in vaccinated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous angioscopy. Work in progress.

The cardiovascular applications of flexible fiber-optic technology are imminent because of recent advances in miniaturization. In the work described here, angioscopy, or vascular endoscopy, was performed in the cadaveric aorta and in the systemic and pulmonary circulations of the canine model and selected human patients. Subsequent to our development of percutaneous techniques, clinical trials have ranged from lower-extremity venoscopy to aortic-root arterioscopy. Angioscopy could be clinically useful because of relative or absolute contraindications to iodinated contrast material. The ability to see in color and three dimensions may afford some other advantages to angioscopy over conventional angiography.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antigen-specific primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complexes (ARC).

Alloantigen specific primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were examined in vitro in 10 patients with AIDS and nine with AIDS-related complex (ARC). The lymphocytes from patients with AIDS and ARC expressed significantly less (P less than 0.01) CTL activity (mean +/- s.d.; 4.7 +/- 9% and 10 +/- 11% respectively) when compared with CTL activity in normal healthy heterosexual controls (28 +/- 9.5%). When data were analysed for individual patients, lymphocytes from nine of 10 patients with AIDS and six of nine with ARC had deficient or no CTL activity. In vitro addition of purified human interleukin-2 (IL-2) during the generation of CTL resulted in significant enhancement (P less than 0.05) of CTL activity in ARC group (mean +/- s.d.; 27 +/- 18) but not in AIDS group (mean +/- s.d.; 8 +/- 8%). The presence of IL-2 augmented the induction of CTL activity in three of nine patients in AIDS group and in five of six in ARC group. In vitro addition of lectin-free supernatant (SN) obtained from cultures stimulated with PHA as well as with lymphoid cell restored the CTL functions in three of six AIDS patients and in one patient with ARC who did not respond to exogenous IL-2. The CTL activity developed in the presence of SN was higher than that manifested in the presence of IL-2 in both AIDS (SN versus IL-2; mean +/- s.d., 18 +/- 15.6% versus 8 +/- 8%) and in the ARC group (SN versus IL-2; mean +/- s.d., 35 +/- 13.9% versus 27 +/- 18.3%). Lymphocytes from three AIDS patients, however, failed to develop any CTL activity in the presence of either IL-2 or SN. These results demonstrate that: (i) the lymphocytes from majority of patients with AIDS and with ARC have deficient ability to develop into alloantigen specific primary CTL effectors, and (ii) the defective CTL functions are restored by the addition of purified IL-2 or SN in all patients with ARC and only in a subset of patients with AIDS, suggesting heterogeneity of pre-CTL to respond to IL-2 and some differentiation factor in order to differentiate in CTL effectors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine in young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with protein energy malnutrition.

An experimental model of protein energy malnutrition was produced in five young rhesus monkeys and the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine were studied at three points, initially, during protein energy malnutrition and following nutritional rehabilitation. In a separate group of animals, the estimation of hepatic enzyme aminopyrine N-demethylase was performed. There was a significant decrease in the elimination kinetics, the half life was increased, and the clearance rate was decreased in the malnourished animals, which correlated with a corresponding decrease in aminopyrine N-demethylase activity.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1985

Disposition of acetaminophen in children with protein calorie malnutrition.

Acetaminophen disposition was studied in 11 children suffering from Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) and 5 (age matched) control subjects using the time plasma concentration curve obtained after a single oral administration of 10 mg/kg of the drug. Absorption rate constant (Ka) was not altered in PCM. Elimination rate constant (Ke) was decreased significantly. PCM children had Ke 0.108 +/- 0.015 h-1 in comparison to the control value of 0.170 +/- 0.022 h-1. Plasma half-life (t1/2) was increased in PCM (8.14 +/- 1.30 h) in comparison of the control (4.33 +/- 0.52 h). Area under the curve (AUC) was also significantly increased in PCM (88.88 +/- 21.36 ug h/ml/kg) compared to the control (25.05 +/- 2.99 ug h/ml/kg). Time of drug disappearance was 44.7 +/- 7.1 hours in PCM compared to 24.6 +/- 3.3 hours in the control. Five PCM subjects could be restudied after rehabilitation and they demonstrated the return of elimination parameters towards control values. Drug therapy needs revision in light of these findings.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1984

Detection of rinderpest antibodies.

Rinderpest antibodies were detected by employing the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and the immunoperoxidase test (IPT) and the results were compared with the counterimmuno electrophoresis test (CIE). FAT was found to be the most sensitive in detecting post-vaccinal antibodies followed by IPT and CIE tests.

Animals↗