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Biomedical subjects

B Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to B Sharma.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid composition of the haemagglutinin and fusion proteins of the morbillivirus phocid distemper virus.

The amino acid composition of the two surface proteins of the recently isolated morbillivirus phocid distemper virus (PDV) were deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The fusion (F) protein of PDV exhibited characteristics similar to those of other morbillivirus F proteins. The overall amino acid similarity with its closest homologue, canine distemper virus (CDV), was 72%. From the context of the starting codons and the requirement for a hydrophobic signal peptide, it is likely that translation of the PDV F mRNA starts at the third AUG, corresponding to codon 95 in the long open reading frame of the PDV F gene. After removal of the signal peptide, F0 starts at amino acid 105. From this position the F protein of PDV and CDV exhibit 84% amino acid similarity. The PDV haemagglutinin (H) protein showed 74% amino acid similarity with CDV H protein and highly conserved features responsible for the tertiary structure. Despite these similarities, the two H proteins show marked antigenic differences when probed with monoclonal antibodies. Earlier studies have indicated that rinderpest virus (RPV) is the prototype virus of the morbillivirus genus, from which first CDV/PDV and later measles virus (MV) evolved. From the close relationship shown in this study, it is likely that the divergence of CDV and PDV occurred after MV evolved from RPV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Sex differences in performance on a combined manual and decision task.

This report describes results of an experimental study of the differences in response time between 10 male and 10 female undergraduate operators performing a combined manual and decision task. Analysis indicated that the performance times of women on such tasks were shorter than those of the men as expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ring or disc-like enhancing lesions in partial epilepsy in India.

One-hundred unselected children presenting with partial motor seizures were subjected to clinical work-up and cranial computed tomography (CT scan). Seventy-three children had an abnormal scan. On these, 56 patients had either a ring (35 patients) or a disc-like (21 patients) enhancing lesion which coincided with the probable site of origin of the seizures in all cases. The lesions were surrounded by perifocal oedema which was occasionally severe enough to produce a mass effect. The significance of these disc or ring lesions is discussed in the light of recent literature. All patients with such lesions were put on three-drug anti-tubercular therapy along with anticonvulsants. A repeat scan could be obtained in 20 patients, 10 weeks to 11/2 years after the initial scan. This showed a decrease in size or disappearance of the lesion in the majority (13 patients). Four patients showed a spot of calcification in the area of the original lesion and another two showed a typical 'target sign', i.e. calcification within a ring. It is concluded that these ring or disc lesions represent tuberculomas which are, thus, the commonest cause of partial motor seizures in children in this area.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Studies on the antiviral activity of inorganic heteropolyanions against Semliki forest virus in vivo and vaccinia virus in vitro.

Seven new inorganic heteropolyanions were tested for their antiviral activity. One of these, sodium 12-tungstoborate, was found to protect mice from Semliki forest virus and mouse embryo fibroblast monolayers from vaccinia virus infections. In mice these heteropolyanions exhibited no synergistic antiviral activity with the interferon inducing mycoviral double-stranded RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Gallbladder hydrops in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

A 36-month-old boy had acute gallbladder hydrops in association with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. A review of 46 other cases of this association has shown that patients having MLNS with gallbladder hydrops are older than those without gallbladder hydrops. The diagnosis is suggested by abdominal symptoms and abnormal results of liver function tests. The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasonography, which shows the gallbladder to be twice the normal size. Cardiac complications may be increased. Treatment is largely supportive, but cholecystostomy is the procedure of choice in cases requiring operative intervention.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Immunogenicity in monkeys of two polio type 3 seed viruses (SO + 2 and SOR + 1) presently used for production of oral polio vaccine.

Rhesus monkeys were immunized orally and intramuscularly with polio type 3 seed viruses (SO + 2 and SOR + 1). No immune response was detected after oral feeding. Geometric mean titres of 891.4 and 237.02 were obtained after intramuscular administration of six and eight doses of SO + 2 and SOR + 1 respectively. All the monkeys immunized with SO + 2 and SOR + 1 were positive for antibodies after third and fifth dose respectively. High antibody titre (1:1024) was reached in 80 per cent monkeys after sixth dose with SO + 2 whereas this antibody titre was obtained in 20 per cent monkeys after eight doses of SOR + 1. SOR + 1 was found to be a poor immunogen as compared to SO + 2 as it had produced low titre antibody response in monkeys even after administration of eight doses.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Six-year survival of patients with and without painless myocardial ischemia and out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation.

Out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (OHVF) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death. Of 1,070 patients with OHVF who entered this study, 150 were discharged alive. Of this group, 120 were free of anoxic brain damage. Of these survivors, 67 (57%) had no previously demonstrated anginal symptoms. Treadmill stress testing revealed painless ST depression in 76% of these neurologically intact patients. Exercise ventriculography in a subset of 9 patients without angina before OHVF and in 6 patients with typical anginal symptoms revealed marked left ventricular dysfunction with ST depression in the absence of chest pain in all 15 patients. Sublingual nitroglycerin reversed this evidence of ischemia in the asymptomatic patients. Patients were followed for 6 years after discharge. No statistical difference in mortality could be demonstrated for patients who had previous anginal symptoms vs those who did not, nor was age a predictor of mortality. Women had the same risk of death as men at 2 years after OHVF, but a significantly higher risk by year 6. Myocardial infarction associated with OHVF did not predict lower mortality throughout the study.

Death, Sudden↗
PubMed1988

Detection of goat pox antigen and antibody by the counter immunoelectrophoresis test.

The counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) test was standardised for the detection of goat pox antigen and antibody using inactivated antigens. The chloroform inactivated and live antigens were equally sensitive for detection of goat pox precipitins. The precipitinogens of goat pox virus (GPV) were found to be soluble in nature. The CIE test was quick as well as more sensitive than the agar gel precipitation test for detection of GPV antibody/antigen. The CIE employing inactivated antigen has been used for the first time in the detection of GPV antibodies/antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Stability of oral polio vaccine at different temperatures.

The stability of five batches of oral polio vaccine stored at -20, 4-8, 22 and 36 degrees C for 7, 14 and 21 days was studied. The virus titrations were performed by the standard macro-method. There was little loss in virus titre when samples were kept at -20 and 4-8 degrees C for 21 days, whereas the samples exposed to 36 degrees C for 21 days showed almost complete loss in virus titre. The average loss in virus titre in a year (log TCID50) was 0.47 at -20 degrees C and 0.65 at 4-8 degrees C when various samples were stored at these temperatures. At 22 degrees C the average loss in virus titre after 21 days was about 1.50. The samples subjected to ten cycles of freezing and thawing did not show any loss in virus titre. Likewise there was not much loss in virus titre in three samples stored at 4-8 degrees C for a year. Oral polio vaccine stabilized with magnesium chloride is quite a stable vaccine and maintenance of a proper cold chain is recommended for the delivery of a potent vaccine in countries with high ambient temperature.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1988

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of one vessel for refractory unstable angina pectoris: efficacy in single and multivessel disease.

Forty patients with unstable angina refractory to medical treatment had one vessel percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to the most stenotic lesion in a major coronary artery. The procedure was successful in 35 patients, and the remaining five patients underwent emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The initial success rate (84%) for the 16 patients with single or the 19 patients with multivessel disease (90%) was similar. At early follow up (average nine days) all patients with successful angioplasty remained symptomatically improved; 10 patients (83%) with single and 10 patients (63%) with multivessel disease had negative treadmill stress tests. Five of six cardiac events occurred within the intermediate (average 11 months) follow up period; two patients had recurrent refractory unstable angina, two had angioplasty for progression of disease in a vessel not previously treated by angioplasty, and one had bypass graft surgery. During late (average 26 months) follow up one patient had a non-fatal myocardial infarction while seven patients (58%) with single vessel disease and nine patients (75%) with multivessel disease had negative stress tests; 29 of 40 patients showed long term improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes by potassium ion channel blockers.

Recent studies with patch-clamp technique have shown the presence of voltage-gated K+ channels in human T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Blockers of voltage-gated K+ channel currents (4-Aminopyridine, 4-AP, and tetraethylammonium, TEA), were used here in a pharmacological approach to examine a role of K+ channels in the differentiation of precursors of cytotoxic cells into functionally active cytotoxic lymphocytes. The data presented here demonstrated that activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with CCRF-HSB-2, 3163 and other allogeneic lymphoid cells for 5 days in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) renders them cytotoxic to the respective target cells. Both 4-AP and TEA (2-4 mM), when added to cultures, inhibited the development of cytotoxic effectors in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum inhibition of the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes occurred when 4-AP was present at the start of cultures. Little or no inhibition was, however, observed when 4-AP was added 1 day of incubation. The results also demonstrate that the addition of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) overcame the 4-AP- or TEA-mediated inhibition of the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum reversal of 4-AP-induced inhibition occurred when exogenous IL-2 was added at Day 0 or 1. Taken together, these data suggest a role of K+ channels in the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1988

Application of ELISA in the detection of goat pox antigen and antibodies.

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardized for detection of goat pox virus (GPV) antibodies and antigen using live and inactivated antigens and hyperimmune serum (HIS), convalescent, post-vaccinal, as also post-challenge sera. The ELISA was most sensitive in detection of antibody when compared with agar gel precipitation (AGP) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) tests. There was no complete correlation between the antibody status of vaccinated goats and protective immunity as animals having detectable seroconversion were also solidly immune to virulent challenge. The application of ELISA in pox infections of goats has been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Detection of rinderpest antigen by latex agglutination test.

A slightly modified latex agglutination test was applied for detection of rinderpest antigen. The antigen was added to sensitized latex particles in the presence of hyperimmune antiserum to facilitate agglutination. Out of 129 samples tested by latex agglutination (LA), solid phase aggregation of coated erythrocytes (SPACE), reverse phase passive haemagglutination (RPHA) and counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) test, 86.0, 86.8, 84.4 and 79.8 per cent, respectively, were found positive.

Antigens, Viral↗