A new anticholinergic steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis of Turkish origin.
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Alkaloids↗
Biomedical subjects
B Sener
Publications and source records attributed to B Sener.
Release of preventive agents from pacifiers in vitro. An introduction to a novel preventive measure.
Clinical data show that the later primary teeth are colonized by mutans streptococci (MS), the less caries will develop, if at all. Since up to 90% of teething children develop a sucking habit, pacifiers were designed to release preventive agents into the mouth. Simultaneous use of sodium fluoride and xylitol increases the enamel fluoride content. Xylitol affects specifically growth and metabolism of mutans streptococci. The aim of this study was to determine the release of fluoride, xylitol and sorbitol from pacifiers in vitro. A disintegration apparatus was designed to test the dissolution of tablets containing NaF resp. 0.25 mg F, 160 mg xylitol and 150 mg sorbitol from the pacifiers. Six pacifiers were agitated simultaneously with a standardised pump movement, 30 strokes/min, in 15 ml normal saline at +37 degrees C for 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 90 min. The released fluoride was determined in 1 ml samples of saline to which 1 ml Tisab was added using a combined F-ion electrode. Xylitol and sorbitol were analyzed by using an ion chromatograph with a pulsed-amperometric detector. A linear slow release of fluoride, xylitol and sorbitol from the pacifiers could be observed up to 90 min. After 2700 strokes the residual saline in the suction chambers (vol. approximately 0.4 ml) was equally analyzed, where all 3 ingredients could still be detected.
Cariostatic Agents↗
Symphytoxide A, a triterpenoid saponin from the roots of Symphytum officinale.
A new triterpenoidal saponin of hederagenin named symphytoxide A has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the roots of Symphytum officinale and characterized on the basis of chemical investigations and spectroscopic studies as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin. The structure of this new saponin was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments including heteroCOSY, COSY-45 degrees as well as HMBC measurements and other spectroscopic techniques. The saponin exhibited hypotensive activity in anesthetized rats.
Animals↗
A new triterpene glycoside from the roots of Symphytum officinale.
Chemical investigation of the EtOH-soluble portion of Symphytum officinale roots has resulted in the isolation of a new pentacyclic triterpene glycoside of oleanolic acid. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic studies, including 2D nmr, and chemical evidences as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L -arabinopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid [1].
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Isolation of antihypertensive alkaloids from the rhizomes of Veratrum album.
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Animals↗
Screening of some Turkish medicinal plants for their analgesic activity.
Nine crude extracts of various parts of eight medicinal plants from different regions of Turkey were evaluated for their analgesic activities by tail flick method in mice. The analgesic activities of these extracts were compared with acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg/kg) which is used as a standard drug. Extracts were given orally in doses of 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. 0.9% saline was also administered in control group of animals. Results showed that four extracts were having highly significant analgesic activity at all the three doses tested. Three showed significant effects at higher doses while two extracts did not show any significant results.
Journal Article↗
[Fluoride gels--local application with a tray or a toothbrush?].
Fluoride gels have been used since the 1960s. Most gels are recommended for use in mouth-trays. An alternative is the application on a toothbrush. The present study compared the fluoride concentration in surface enamel and its acid resistance following the application in a tray or on a toothbrush in vitro. In a first experiment 80 halves of molar crowns were used. In group A 20 were coated with fluoride gel. In group B 20 were brushed with gel. 20 each served as water control. The surface fluoride concentration and acid resistance of all samples were assessed using an acid etch technique. In a second experiment 30 halves of molar crowns were used. 10 were mounted in a plaster socket mimicking a dental arch for which a customized miniplast-tray was made. This tray was loaded with 1 g of gel and applied for 3 min on 3 consecutive days. 10 samples were brushed for 3 min on 3 days using 1 g of gel and 10 served as water control. Enamel that had been fluoridated with gel on a toothbrush showed a superior acid resistance. The fluoride concentration in the outer 20 to 25 microns of enamel was higher after gel application on a toothbrush than after tray application.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
Self-adjusting abrasiveness: a new technology for prophylaxis pastes.
An ideal prophylaxis paste should have both cleaning and polishing properties. Key elements would be abrasive particles that become less aggressive under load. The abrasive perlite, a volcanic glass with a sheetlike geometry, is claimed to have these unique properties. This study evaluated the average particle size, size distribution, and morphology of perlite in raw form, in an unused prophylaxis paste, and a used prophylaxis paste. The surface roughness induced on enamel and dentinal specimens was quantitated after paste application in either a rubber cup or a nylon brush. Flour of pumice, a standard prophylaxis paste, a polishing paste, and water were tested similarly. The luster induced by the tested pastes and controls was assessed. Perlite blunted and disintegrated under load. The perlite-containing prophylaxis paste acted as a fine or superfine prophylaxis paste, although it was ranked as medium, based on the mean particle size of its abrasive in the fresh, unused form. Perlite might provide the properties required for the abrasive material of an ideal prophylaxis paste.
Aluminum Oxide↗
Comparison of the efficacy of prophylaxis pastes with conventional abrasives or a new self-adjusting abrasive.
A newly developed prophylaxis paste that contains perlite as an abrasive medium (Cleanic) was compared to conventional prophylaxis pastes with regard to relative dentin and enamel abrasion, cleaning ability, and polishing power. Rubber cups and nylon brushes were used as paste carriers. Water, flour of pumice, and the dentin-polishing paste CCS 40 served as controls. The tested prophylaxis pastes, selected according to their popularity among clinicians, were CCS 250, Détartrine Z, Nupro Coarse, and Zircate. The Prophylaxis Paste Index was created to assess the clinical potential of the various prophylaxis pastes more accurately. The Index was computed for dentin as cleaning ability dended by relative dentin abrasion x surface roughness (in Ra) x 10, and for enamel as cleaning ability dended by relative enamel abrasion x surface abrasion (in Ra). On dentin and enamel, Cleanic consistently yielded low relative dentin and enamel abrasion values, a good cleaning ability, and low surface roughness scores with both rubber cups and nylon brushes. Of all tested prophylaxis pastes, Cleanic excelled in the Prophylaxis Paste Index on dentin and enamel and with both rubber cup and nylon brush applications. Therefore, a perlite-containing prophylaxis paste has broad professional therapeutic indications and may be used universally as a single paste to clean and polish both dentin and enamel.
Aluminum Oxide↗
[Staphylococcal biotyping and the use of computers].
Ninety coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from various clinical specimens in Clinical Microbiology laboratory of Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, were biotyped using a special computer program. Types of 30 strains isolated from pus were found to be S. epidermidis (36.7%), S. haemolyticus (20%), S. simulans (13.3%) and S. hominis (10%) respectively. Among the strains isolated from blood S. epidermidis was again the predominant microorganism (40%), followed by S. haemolyticus (20%) and S. simulans (10%).
Bacteremia↗
Chemical constituents of tagetes patula L.
The tubers of Corydalis rutifolia subsp. erdelii were analyzed for their alkaloidal content. Chromatographic separation of the alkaloid extract of the plant material resulted in the isolation of 25 isoquinoline alkaloids. Among these, oxosarcocapnidine and oxocularin have been isolated for the first time from this plant.
Journal Article↗
Antimicrobial activity of some isoquinoline alkaloids.
The isoquinoline alkaloids are of great importance to humanity because of their medicinal value and different structure. During the last ten years, many isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from Fumaria and Corydalis species growing in Turkey. There have been many researches on the antimicrobial activity of extracts of higher plants, but relatively few pure compounds have been investigated.
Alkaloids↗
[Comparison of two different media-atmosphere combinations on the isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci from throat cultures].
In this study effects of incubation of sheep blood agar medium in aerobic conditions and incubation of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim containing sheep blood agar medium in 5 to 10% CO2, of the isolation of group A beta hemolytic streptococci from throat cultures were compared. 608 throat swab specimens were studied. Each agar medium was evaluated after 24 and 48 hours of incubation period. The aerobic incubation of sheep blood agar plates for 24 hours yielded 108 (17.7%) strains of beta hemolytic streptococci, of these 96 (15.8%) strains being group A. 113 (18.5%) strains of beta hemolytic streptococci were isolated after 48 hours of incubation and 100 (16.4%) of these were group A. The number of beta hemolytic streptococci isolated in 5 to 10% CO2 atmosphere for 24 hours was 62 (10.2%), and 57 (9.3%) of these were group A. When the incubation period was prolonged to 48 hours, the total number of beta hemolytic streptococci isolated increased to 82 (13.5%) and 76 (12.5%) of these were determined as group A. The difference between these two combinations was significant for 24 hours of incubation, but not significant for 48 hours of incubation. The highest isolation rate for group A streptococci was achieved in aerobic incubation of sheep blood agar plates for 48 hours.
Aerobiosis↗
[The x-ray opacity of tooth-coloring inlay materials and composite cements].
For a proper radiographic diagnosis of secondary caries and interproximal overhangs or undercuts, tooth colored inlays and their appropriate luting agents have to be radiopaque. With the help of a spectrophotometer the radiopacity of 1 mm thick samples made of enamel, dentin, seven tooth colored inlay materials and seven composite cements was quantitated and related to 99.5% pure aluminum. The mean radiopacity values of three inlays (two of them significantly, p less than 0.05) and of three composite cements (one of them significantly, p less than 0.05) were lower than enamel. All other materials tested exhibited a higher radiopacity than enamel. A radiopacity value of 1 mm thick samples greater than 2.5 mm of 99.5% pure aluminum is advocated by the authors. Four of the materials tested fulfilled this requirement.
Color↗
[The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against clinically-isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and comparison with some other antibiotics].
In this study the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from various clinical specimens was investigated by disk diffusion test and macrodilution method, and was compared with other various antibiotics. Both of the methods showed that 98 of the strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. MIC50 of ciprofloxacin was found to be 0.12, and MIC90 0.50 mcgr/ml for these strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were found to be highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin in in-vitro conditions.
Amikacin↗
[AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].
In this article the molecular biology of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which is the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical picture of the syndrome, the current therapeutic approaches and the developments in the vaccination studies were reviewed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
No effect of waxed dental floss on enamel fluoride uptake or on enamel dissolution changes.
Enamel specimens were flossed in vitro with "waxed" dental floss and then treated with water, Act, Meridol, or Elmex Gel to evaluate the effect of "waxed" floss on the enamel fluoride uptake and on the enamel dissolution rate. The flossed and treated enamel was etched 4 times successively in 2N HCl for 5, 10, 15 and another 15 s. The concentrations of fluoride, calcium and phosphorus were assayed in the etching solutions. The enamel fluoride concentration was significantly increased in only the first layer of the Elmex Gel group compared to the other 3 groups. Respective etching depths were similar for the water, Act and Elmex Gel groups. However, the first layer in the Meridol group was less etched than that in the 3 other groups. This study showed that "waxed" dental floss did not compromise the fluoride uptake by surface enamel after treatment with a concentrated acidic topical fluoridating agent. Moreover, previously reported results showing that Meridol solution containing SnF2 and amine fluoride 297 significantly decreased the in vitro dissolution rate of enamel were confirmed by the present study. Even though the enamel was first treated with "waxed" dental floss, the SnF2/amine fluoride 297 still produced a decreased enamel dissolution rate.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
[Urinary excretion of fluorides in schoolchildren of Lausanne and Geneva in relation to salt fluoridation].
Urinary excretion of fluoride and sodium and urinary flow were studied in 230 schoolchildren (average age: 11.1 years) in the following situation: in 1984 and 1988 in Geneva, 1 year and 5 years after the introduction of fluoridated domestic salt (250 mg/kg), and in 1985 in Lausanne, 15 years after the general introduction of salt fluoridation for this city and its surrounding canton (Vaud). Among consumers of fluoridated salt, the average excretion of F ion during morning and afternoon was 15.4 and 43.7 micrograms F/h, respectively, in Geneva (1988) and 26.4 and 49.9 micrograms F/h, respectively, in Lausanne (1985). Among non-consumers of fluoridated domestic salt, excretion values during morning and afternoon were 9.9 and 20.7 micrograms F/h, respectively, in Geneva (1988), and 18.4 and 26.1 micrograms F/h, respectively, in Lausanne. Between 1984 and 1988, an increase in fluoride excretion was observed in schoolchildren of Geneva. During approximately 10 night hours, 8.8 to 16.4 micrograms F/h were excreted in Geneva, but F-salt consumers in Lausanne excreted 25.8 micrograms F/h. Averages of sodium excretion varied between 80 and 144 mg Na/h at daytime and between and 81 mg Na/h at night.
Adolescent↗