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Biomedical subjects

B Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to B Sanders.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of outpatient treatment for problem drinkers.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of treatment length restriction and follow-up interview style on the outcomes of male alcohol abusers in out-patient treatment. Subjects (N = 48) were randomly assigned to one of four independent groups based on the factorial combination of the two independent variables. Extensive pretreatment data were collected about subjects' drinking and related behaviors, and subjects were then scheduled for monthly interviews. Subjects were interviewed for 18 months postadmission concerning these same factors. Subjects' self-reports were compared with collateral reports, official records, and breath tests. Outcome results showed no effects of follow-up interview style or treatment length restriction on drinking behavior and employment outcomes. However, subjects' drinking behavior postadmission was considerably improved compared to their pretreatment ethanol consumption. Temporal analyses of the drinking behavior data showed that it was possible to predict drinking behavior, especially of the same type, within pretreatment and postadmission intervals. However, it was not possible to predict postadmission drinking from pretreatment drinking. Treatment implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Insulin-like peptides in the lobster Homarus americanus. I. Insulin immunoreactivity.

Experiments were conducted to determine if insulin-like peptides are present in the lobster Homarus americanus. Peptides were found that bind specifically to bovine insulin antibodies in a modified vertebrate radioimmunoassay. Extracts of whole hepatopancreas, gut, and hemolymph contained insulin immunoreactivity (IRI) concentrations of 67.5, 14.0, and 11.0 ng, respectively, per 700-g lobster. No insulin immunoreactivity was detected in neurosecretory cells of the eyestalk. The highest immunoreactivity was measured in the hepatopancreas, in the same fractions of eluate which contained the highest immunoreactivity when a bovine insulin standard was passed through the same chromatographic column.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Insulin-like peptides in the lobster Homarus americanus. III. No glucostatic role.

Lobsters contained insulin immunoreactivity ranging from 3.4 +/- 0.6 to 7.2 +/- 0.5 microU ml-1 hemolymph. Experimental results indicated that the hemolymph insulin immunoreactive peptides have no glucostatic function. With an increase in exogenous glucose in the hemolymph no increase in hemolymph immunoreactive insulin was observed. Also, injection of hepatopancreas extract did not increase the rate of glucose removal from the hemolymph.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Augmentation rib grafting to the inferior border of the atrophic edentulous mandible: a 5-year experience.

Inferior border rib grafting appears to be a useful procedure in providing bony augmentation for severely atrophic edentulous mandibles. Major advantages to the prosthodontic patient are that (1) remodeling and changes in the denture-bearing surfaces are minimal following surgery, (2) the interocclusal space is unaltered, (3) in nonunion body fractures occurring in severely atrophic mandibles, the ribs applied to the inferior-buccal and inferior-lingual aspects of the mandible hold the fragments in a much more favorable position, thus preventing superior elevation of the posterior segment and inferior displacement of the anterior segment, and (4) resorption rates seem acceptable. The patient should be informed of possible consequences. As with all preprosthetic special procedures, a psychosocial analysis may also be indicated.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed1982

Handedness and spatial ability.

Data from a large-scale study of cognitive abilities were used to test the hypothesis that there are handedness-related differences in spatial visualization. The spatial factor score of the cognitive test battery provided a measure of spatial visualization. Analyses revealed a sex X handedness X ethnicity interaction on the spatial factor, and no significant handedness-related differences on verbal factor. In all ethnic groups strongly left-handed males had higher spatial scores than strongly right-handed males, whereas strongly left-handed females had lower spatial scores than strongly right-handed females. Among subjects of Japanese or Chinese ancestry, strongly left-handed subjects differed from ambidextrous subjects as well as from right-handed subjects, and these differences, too, were of opposite sign for males and females. It is suggested that the use of spatial ability measures which are relatively insensitive to differences in right hemisphere ability, as well as the failure to attend to degree of handedness, ethnicity, and particularly gender, may be responsible for the negative findings in this area of research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The sex difference on one test of spatial visualization: a nontrivial difference.

Plomin and Foch's conclusion that sex differences in cognition account for very little of the total variability is challenged by demonstrating that, on a complex test of spatial visualization, the difference between males and females accounts for a quite substantial portion of the variability of the test scores. 2 measures of spatial visualization--the ETS Card Rotations test and the Shepard/Metzler Mental Rotations test--were administered to a large sample of college students. The Card Rotations test requires identification of fairly simple abstract forms after rotation within the plane; the Mental Rotations test requires identification of representations of more complex 3-dimensional figures after rotation in 3-dimensional space. Males scored significantly higher than females on both tests. Sex accounted for only 2% of the variance on the Card Rotations test but for 16% of the variance on the Mental Rotations test. Comparable sex differences on the Shepard/Metzler Mental Rotations test have also been found by other investigators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Photoelastic stress analysis of hemimandibulectomy bone reconstruction devices.

The results presented show the relative importance of muscle force and occlusal resistance locations and prosthesis/hemimandible interface length. For the prosthesis design used, the addition of muscle function on the prosthesis side has little effect upon bone stress. However, occlusal resistance on the prosthesis side produces much more stress in the bone than other resistance positions. Stress produced by the shorter prosthesis is higher at the areas of bolt/bone interface than for the long prosthesis. However, superimposed inherent stress patterns somewhat obscured the comparison with longer prostheses.

Dental Stress Analysis↗
PubMed1980

Withdrawal-like signs induced by a single administration of ethanol in mice that differ in ethanol sensitivity.

These experiments studied changes produced by a hypnotic dose of ethanol in the LS and SS lines of mice, which differ in ethanol sensitivity. In the first experiment, animals were injected either with ethanol or saline, and activity and seizure susceptibility measured 7-9 h later when blood levels of ethanol would have reached zero. Ethanol-treated mice of both genetic lines were less active in an open field test and more susceptible to clonic convulsions induced by flurothyl than saline-injected controls. There was no difference in the magnitude of these changes in the two lines. In the control condition SS (short-sleep) mice were more active than LS (long-sleep) mice, and more susceptible than LS mice to myoclonic but not to clonic seizures. The effect of the ethanol injection on body temperature was evaluated in separate groups of animals. LS mice showed a more pronounced hypothermia than SS mice when temperature was measured 2 h after injection. Six hours after injection, SS mice exhibited a small but statistically significant overshoot in temperature, after which they again became hypothermic with respect to controls; hyperthermia was not observed in LS animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Radiology of maxillofacial gunshot injuries.

The relative advantages and disadvantages of conventional facial radiographic techniques, facial tomography, and carotid arteriography for gunshot injury cases are discussed. The conventional series of skull, facial, or cervical spine projections forms a base line upon which the more complex procedures may be added. Five cases illustrate the radiographic principles involved in the determination of gunshot fragment localization, bone fracture, soft-tissue swelling, and maxillary sinus involvement.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

Electrophysiological responses to ethanol, pentobarbital, and nicotine in mice genetically selected for differential sensitivity to ethanol.

Cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) changes induced by ethanol (4.3 and 1.4 g/kg, ip), pentobarbital (50 and 16 mg/kg), and nicotine (1.0 g/kg) were examined in long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice that were genetically selected for differential sleep times induced by a hypnotic dosage of ethanol. Ethanol (4.3 g/kg) caused EEG changes that paralleled the behavioral differences, whereas no differences between selected lines were observed following the activating dose (1.4 g/kg). Data support the notion that the known difference in ethanol sleep times is due not to greater SS sensitivity to ethanol activation but rather to greater LS sensitivity to ethanol hypnosis. No differences between selected lines were observed following 50 mg/kg pentobarbital, which again parallels previous behavioral data. The SS mice were more responsive to pentobarbital activation (16 mg/kg). Nicotine more severely reduced EEG power and heart rate in LS mice; a continuous iv infusion of nicotine elicited a distinct pattern of behavioral stereotypy for each selected line, with more profound motor and reflex depression in LS mice. The lines do not differ in rate of nicotine metabolism, hence they must differ in central nervous system sensitivity to nicotine. Thus, lines of mice selectively bred for differential sensitivity to ethanol also display marked differences in electrophysiological and behavioral responses to nicotine.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Knee ligament injuries in children.

Nine children who were less than fourteen years old and had open physes and ligament injuries of the knee were studied. Despite an initial thorough physical and roentgenographic evaluation, the full extent of the lesion was determined only at operation in seven of the nine patients. The intercondylar eminence of the tibia was avulsed in five patients, four of whom had associated collateral ligament injuries and a positive anterior drawer sign. Despite surgical repair, all nine patients demonstrated some degree of postoperative ligament instability. This was increased in those patients in whom menisectomy had been performed concomitantly with ligament repair. Although none of the children were symptomatic at the time of writing, development of degenerative arthritis in the future must be considered. Ligament injury must be considered in the differential diagnosis of the child suffering from knee trauma. The association of avulsion of the tibial spine and collateral ligament injury is emphasized.

Adolescent↗