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Biomedical subjects

B Runnebaum

Publications and source records attributed to B Runnebaum.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

New assays for the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone.

Cholesterol side chain cleavage is determined by means of separation of (26-C14)-cholesterol and its radioactively labeled side chain (1-C14)k-isocaproic acid. Alumina minicolumn assay (AMCA): adsorption of cholesterol from an aqueous phase by aluminium oxide, while isocaproic acid can percolate through the column. In modification of a previously described technique (1), cholesterol is quantitatively eluted by ethanol. Filter assay (FA): retention of cholesterol by a membrane filter (pore size less than or equal to 0.1 um) while isocaproic acid can pass the filter. Two-phase scintillation assay (TPSA): pH-dependent partition of isocaproic acid between an organic scintillation mixture and an aqueous phase. The TPSA can be applied for all enzymatic reaction in which the polarity of the radioactive residue which is split off depends on pH values or when the total charge of a polar molecule is changed to an apolar state by cleaving one non-radioactive group (e.g. steroid sulfates) and vice versa. The criteria or reliability of the test systems are described. Bovine adrenal mitochondria were incubated and the side chain cleavage of (26-C14)-cholesterol was studied by the new tests systems and compared to the conversion rates of (4-C14)-cholesterol to its metabolites are determined by thin layer chromatography. A good agreement of all tests was found.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1981

[Habitual abortion: diagnostics and therapy in gynaecological practice (author's transl)].

According to several literature surveys women with three consecutive and clinically ascertained spontaneous abortions appear to have without treatment an abortion risk of 50 to 60 per cent in the course of any further pregnancy. For improving prognostication various conditions leading to habitual abortions have to be clarified before the onset of a new pregnancy. Among our patients corpus luteum dysfunctions (35 per cent) and anomalies of the uterus (17 per cent) showed the highest frequency. Our patients also had an increased frequency of pathological spermiograms. Their influence on the incidence of habitual abortions remains, however, unclear. Infectious diseases and metabolic disorders (5 per cent) as well as chromosomal aberrations (6 per cent) appeared to be less frequent. Controversial views on the consequences of blood group incompatibilities of the spouses continue to exist. Conflict-oriented personalities of patients seem to play a major role. After evaluating the findings in literature pertaining to habitual abortions and on the basis of our own results (110 patients) diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines have been worked out. By employment of the individually required therapy 90 per cent of the patients with habitual abortions were able to successfully complete a further pregnancy.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1980

[Hormonal evaluation in multiple pregnancies (author's transl)].

Between 1974-1978 39 twins pregnancies and 1 triplet pregnancy were monitored by long term hormonal determinations in the serum and the urine. There was an incidence of premature labor of 90%, of pre-eclampsia of 28% and of bleeding 25%. The infants were at risk for prematurity in 58% and for increased perinatal mortality in 8%. The correlation between the total estrogen in the serum and total estrogen excretion in the urine was investigated. Serial determinations of HCG, HPL and progesterone were done in addition to estriol. All hormone levels were higher during the first half of a multiple pregnancy and the diagnosis of multiple pregnancy was suspected from these values. During the further course of the pregnancy none of these hormonal parameters in the serum was of any help in the early detection of fetal risk. In some cases the course of the estrogen excretion in the urine was a sign of placentae insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Peculiarities of pregnancies in women in the fifth decade of life (author's transl)].

From 1974-1978, 101 women in the fifth decade of life were delivered. The course of the pregnancy was more often complicated by pre-eclampsia. Premature and dysmature deliveries were not more common than in younger women. The sex ratio was more in favor of females than usual. Despite shorter duration of labor and delivery the Apgar ratings at 1 and 5 minutes were less favorable in the new borns of older pregnant women. The infants required more often intubation and transfer to the pediatric hospital. The perinatal mortality was 4.2%. Down syndrome occured in 4.2% of the infants and abnormalities occured in 4.9%. Routine genetic amniocentesis and intensive pregnantal care should lower the fetal morbidity and mortality in these cases. Urinary total estrogen determinations are proposed as a parameter for the monitoring of the these risk cases besided ultra-sound and fetal monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[On the validity of artifical homologous insemination (AIH) (author's transl)].

After examination of ovarian and tubal function 246 women underwent 1238 AIH in 847 menstrual cycles. During the treatment period 74 patients became pregnant once or several times; altogether 99 pregnancies were observed. Whereas only 22 pregnancies occurred in cycles with AIH, the other 77 occurred in cycles without AIH. The ratio of pregnancies after AIH and those occurring without insemination decreases in relation to the degree of deterioration of the semen quality. With normal semen the ratio of pregnancies with AIH and those without AIH was 1:2.5. With semen of grade I this ratio became 1:4 and with grade II 1:10. On the basis of these results the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) with more or less normal semen quality and disturbance of the cervical mucus penetration AIH appeared to be reasonable; (2) with severe or even moderate subfertile semen findings AIH is not indicated; (3) an indication for AIH is the impossibility of cohabitation or ejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison between tamoxifen and clomiphene therapy in women with anovulation.

Forty-eight women with various types of menstrual disorder were treated with tamoxifen: 30 of them ovulated as judged by serum progesterone concentrations and the basal body temperature (BBT) record. Serial determinations of serum FSH, LH, prolactin, and estradiol-17 beta showed that tamoxifen acts primarily on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Before or after the tamoxifen treatment cycles, 30 women received clomiphene. The ovulation rate in women with primary and secondary amenorrhea was similar, while women with oligomenorrhea tended to be more responsive to tamoxifen than to clomiphene. There was no difference between the drugs in the duration of the luteal phases nor in the pregnancy rate. The side effects during treatment with clomiphene were pronounced than during tamoxifen therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Hormone analyses and ultrasound examinations in high-risk early weeks of pregnancy (author's transl)].

The serum concentrations of HCG, HPL, progesterone and oestriol and ultrasonic findings were compared with one another in 42 women with normal pregnancy course, 51 women with haemorrhages and abortion and 27 women with haemorrhages and delivery on time. Correct diagnosis was most frequently possible with the help of ultrasound examination. However, it was possible to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis before the twelfth week of pregnancy by means of hormone analysis. If the hormone concentrations were normal, whereas ultrasound findings were either negative or not clear, intact pregnancy could be assumed. HCG and progesterone determination possessed the advantage of being reliably measurable even before cessation of menstrual bleeding. From the eighth to ninth weeks of pregnancy, determinations of HPL were also suitable for assessing endocrinal functions. After the twelfth week of pregnancy, the pregnancy conditions could be judged most safely by the ultrasound method.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

[Serial determination of hormones in pregnancies following induction of ovulation with clomiphene and gonadotropins (author's transl)].

The HCG, HPL, progesterone and oestriol levels in the serum were determined in 33 pregnancies following induction of ovulation with clomiphene and in 7 pregnancies following induction of ovulation with gonadotropins. During these pregnancies bleeding, premature labour and toxaemia occurred more often in women who became pregnant after induction of ovulation with clomiphene. The progesterone and oestriol levels were increased up to the 12th week of gestation, whereas the HCG and HPL levels remained normal. After induction of ovulation with gonadotropins the progesterone levels remained elevated until the 19th week of gestation whereas the levels of HCG and HPL and oestriol remained normal. The course of the pregnancy in a patient who had Meigs-syndrome after treatment with gonadotropins was presented. Our results show that the hormonal evaluation of pregnancies after induction of ovulation is best accomplished during the first three months by HCG and HPL titres and during the second half of the pregnancy according to the same criteria as in other pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Steroids in human myometrium and peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle.

Blood samples were collected prior to vaginal hysterectomy from nine women in the proliferative phase of the cycle and from 15 women in the secretory phase, and from each uterus five grams of the fundus were obtained. The concentrations of progesterone (P), 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20alpha-DHP), estradiol-17beta (E2), and estriol (E3) were determined in serum and in the tissue with the use of specific radioimmunoassays. The concentrations of P and 20alpha-DHP in serum and myometrium were significantly higher in the secretory than in the proliferative phase. Furthermore, the concentration of P in myometrium was significantly higher than in serum in the secretory phase, indicating a specific uptake of P by the myometrium. The concentration of E2 was about 10 times higher in the myometrium than in the serum during both phases of the cycle and appeared to be independent of the serum levels. This indicates a specific but limited uptake of E2 by the myometrium. The E3 levels in the tissue showed no significant differences during the menstrual cycle, whereas in the serum the E3 concentrations were higher in the secretory than in the proliferative phase of the cycle.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗