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Biomedical subjects

B Richards

Publications and source records attributed to B Richards.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Bacteriuria after out-patient cystoscopy.

The presence of bacteriuria 48-72 hours after cystoscopy has been correlated with the sex and previous history of the patient, and with the use of chlorhexidine 1/5,000 and water as alternative irrigant solutions. The infection rate was higher in women than in men. Chlorhexidine in the irrigant solution protected against postoperative bacteriuria in patients who did not have a history of previous urinary infection, but did not do so where there was such history.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1977

Continuous irrigation of the bladder after prostatectomy: its effect on post-prostatectomy infection.

The incidence of post-prostatectomy bacteriuria was measured in patients having no continuous bladder irrigation postoperatively, in those irrigated for 24 hours with chlorhexidine 1/5,000, and in those irrigated with normal saline. The infection rate after saline irrigation was greater than after chlorhexidine, but the infection rates after chlorhexidine irrigation and drainage alone were similar. The infection rate was higher in older patients, in those treated with retropubic rather than transurethral prostatectomies, in those who had postoperative catheters for more than 4 days, and in those admitted in acute retention of urine. The increase in infection rate associated with acute retention was seen only in the group treated with drainage alone postoperatively. Chlorhexidine irrigation appears to reduce the infection rate in these cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the effect of maternal pre-eclamptic toxaemia on placental weight and on head size and birth weight of the newborn.

The influence of pre-eclamptic toxaemia (PET) on head size and birth weight of newborn infants and placental weight was studied in single live births after 35 to 42 weeks gestation from mothers with or without toxaemia. There were no significant differences in the distribution of mean birth weight, head size, placental weight, head size/birth weight ratio or placental weight/birth weight ratio between the toxaemic and non-toxaemic groups. There were significant differences between toxaemic and non-toxaemic mothers as regards parity, height and smoking habits. Since such maternal characteristics influence birth weights a correction was applied for them. The influence of maternal mid-term weight and sex of the infants was also taken into account. No significant differences in corrected birth weights, between toxaemic and non-toxaemic groups were detected on further analysis. It is suggested that the present obstetric management has prevented the retarding effect of pre-eclamptic toxaemia on fetal and placental growth by reducing the severity and duration of the illness.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

A computer-based record and organisation system for a department of urology.

This paper describes the development and practical application of a computer-based record system in a urological department. It demonstrates how such a system can provide a clinical flow sheet for day-to-day use combined with a computerised data store for both clinical evaluation and for research purposes. The paper also outlines how the system has improved patient handling and general departmental efficiency.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1975

Fetal distress and birth scores in newborn infants.

The relation between fetal distress and the subsequent condition at birth was studied in 2791 pregnancies. Fetal distress was defined as a heart rate greater than 160 or less than 120/min between uterine contractions, with or without meconium-stained liquor. Infants of 28 to 42 weeks' gestational age were examined at 1 and 5 minutes after birth when the heart rate, respiration, and skin colour was recorded. Birth scores of 0, 1, or 2 were given respectively if respirations were absent, gasping, or regular; if the heart rate was undetectable, less than 100/min, or greater than 100/min; and if the colour was white, blue, or pink. Fetal distress was associated with low birth scores in infants at 1 and 5 minutes of age. Among those who had not suffered fetal distress a significantly greater proportion of preterm infants had low birth scores compared with term or post-term infants at 5 minutes of age. Infants did not score equally for colour, heart rate, and respiration at 1 and 5 minutes of age. Colour usually gave a birth score of 5 and heart rate was recordable when infants scored 0 for colour and respiration. The reduction in birth scores was greater in the presence of meconium-stained liquor and abnormal fetal heart rate than meconium-stained liquor alone; the latter being an early sign of fetal distress. Since fetal distress was not diagnosed by conventional methods in 93 term infants who probably suffered prenatal asphyxia, more sophisticated techniques are necessary for an accurate assessment of fetal condition during labour.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Reacting to autistic children: the danger of trying too hard.

Recent work has revealed that autistic children's predominating tendency to avoid social interactions is actually enhanced by the 'friendly' approaches to others. In this study it was recorded on video-tape how eight autistic children reacted to four styles of adult behaviour. The adult reacted to the child's looks at her by (i) smiling, (ii) gaze averting, (iii) gaze averting plus other 'timid' behaviours and (iv) doing nothing except continuing to look back. For this last condition--when the adult did not react--it was found that autistic children showed less avoidance behaviour after eye contact and spent more time within one metre of the adult. The implications for treatment are contrary to much modern practice and to what seems to be adults' 'natural' response. Reactivity by others appears to enhance the child's avoidance, and it is suggested that adults should be circumspect in the degree of sociability with which they respond to autistic children.

Autistic Disorder↗