Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Reichert.
The results of the histopathologic examination of 262 appendices after incidental appendectomy were reviewed. Only 17.5% of the histologies were regarded as normal. Fibrosis, obliteration and chronic appendicitis were described frequently. It is discussed whether these findings belong only to the normal histologic appearance of appendices in more advanced age.
Retinol-binding protein, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin were determined in the plasma of patients with colorectal carcinoma. The comparison with a control group shows that retinol-binding is significantly decreased in colorectal carcinoma and that haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin are significantly elevated. The ROC-curves of the three parameters, however, display a sensitivity distinctly lower than that of CEA, so that any use in the clinical treatment of colorectal carcinoma cannot be expected from the determination of these substances.
The experimental gingivitis model was used to compare the anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis and anti-microbial efficacies of a phenolic compound (Listerine) and an amine/stannous fluoride mouthwash (Meridol), using a placebo preparation as negative control and a chlorhexidine solution as positive control in a double-blind study. After professional toothcleaning, 36 volunteers performed optimal oral hygiene for a period of 2 weeks. They then ceased all oral hygiene procedures for 21 days during which they rinsed twice daily with 1 of the 4 mouthrinses. After 3 weeks of rinsing, plaque indices remained the lowest in the chlorhexidine group, while subjects using Listerine or Meridol harbored similar indices significantly lower than that of individuals rinsing with the placebo solution. Up to that time, the gingival index scores were equal in all groups except for the chlorhexidine group in which the values only amounted to half of these encountered in the other groups. The plaque vitality scores showed a bactericidal effect in vivo of chlorhexidine during the entire time of experimental gingivitis. In contrast, the data gave no evidence of an antibacterial effect in vivo of Listerine. The efficacy of Meridol to kill micro-organisms was similar to chlorhexidine during the early stages of plaque accumulation and, with time, became insignificant. This study has demonstrated that chlorhexidine was superior to Listerine and Meridol in its ability to maintain low plaque scores and gingival health during this 3-week period of no mechanical oral hygiene. Moreover, it was also shown that Meridol was as effective as Listerine in reducing plaque accumulation and, in contrast to Listerine, possessed a remarkable but transient antibacterial effect in vivo.
The increase of activity of the enzymes AP, Gamma-GT, GlDH and GPT was investigated in this study with regard to its pathomechanism. The increase of AP is known to be caused by a de novo-protein synthesis in the liver, as several investigators have demonstrated using protein synthesis inhibitors. In this study female Wistar rats were partly sham-operated, partly bile duct-obstructed. One half of each group received the protein synthesis inhibitor ethionine, 24 h after bile duct obstruction in the group with ethionine the following enzyme activities were measured in the serum: AP 216 +/- 80 U/l; gamma-GT 4.5 +/- 1.9 U/l; GlDH 85 +/- 26 U/l; GPT 375 +/- 163 U/l. In the group without ethionine the activities were: AP 459 +/- 69 U/l; gamma-GT 4 +/- 0.9 U/l; GlDH 120 +/- 81 U/l; GPT 417 +/- 191 U/l. Because the differences between the groups with and without ethionine were not significant with the exception of AP, it is concluded that in the early phase of bile duct obstruction up to 24 h no influence of de novo-protein synthesis can be demonstrated in the elevation of the activities of gamma-GT, GlDH and GPT.
The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the mixed function oxidases in the liver of the rat during the first days of extrahepatic cholestasis. In particular, contradictory results of previous studies of the metabolism of type I- and type II-substrates should be examined. The activities of the aminopyrine demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and nitroanisole-O-desalkylase were measured in the liver microsomes after sham operation and on the first and third day after ligature of the common bile duct. On the first day of cholestasis both the metabolism of the type I-substrate (aminopyrine) and of the type II-substrates (aniline, nitroanisole) was significantly reduced. On the third day the metabolism of type II-substrates reached nearly normal levels, whereas the metabolism of aminopyrine was even further reduced. Contradictory results of previous studies seem to be due to different times of measurement.
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rifabutin for M. tuberculosis was 0.006 to 0.06 micrograms/ml, and 0.12 to 0.25 micrograms/l for clofazimine. Accordingly, M. tuberculosis is inhibited by concentrations of these two medications that are far lower than the levels normally found in the serum. In the case of M. avium, the MIC of the new drugs such as rifabutin and clofazimine are, in contrast to the MICs for M. tuberculosis, merely of the order of the achievable serum concentrations. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of these two substances are much higher than the bacteriostatic concentrations, which probably explains the frequent therapeutic failures, while in the case of ciprofloxacin, the prevailing situation is much more favourable. The growth of all M. avium strains is inhibited (= sensitive) when elevated concentrations (double "breakpoint" concentrations) of a triple-drug combination comprising rifampicin, ethambutol and ciprofloxacin, or a combination of ethambutol, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin and prothionamid are tested at "normal breakpoint" concentrations.
The activities in serum of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and cholinesterase were compared after complete biliary obstruction (CBO) and choledochocaval fistula (CCF) in the rat. CCF was used as a model of complete biliary retention without bile stasis and without increased pressure in the biliary tract. The increases in AP, GLDH and gamma-GT within 24-h post-op. show no difference between the two experimental groups. The conclusion is that the retention of biliary constituents alone is responsible for the increase in the levels of serum activity and that other conditions like bile stasis and increased pressure in the biliary tract do not play an important role in the pathogenesis of these alterations. The rise of GPT activity in CCF is of a lesser degree than in CBO.
The value of the axillorectal temperature difference in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was estimated with the aid of statistical methods. The axillorectal temperature difference turned out to be of very low discriminant ability between acute appendicitis and non-acute conditions.
In gastric cancer the tumor markers CEA, TPA and CA 19-9 display relatively low sensitivity, which in relation to a specificity of 90% lies between 20% and 25%. Compared with the simple ESR method, these sensitivities are not remarkably greater. But a combination of parameters based on discriminant analysis achieves distinctly greater sensitivities.
In a group of patients with colorectal carcinoma and a control group the problem was investigated whether or not the 2-hour-value of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate yields additional information. The 2-h-rate of ESR turns out to have a higher sensitivity than the 1-h-value. One should, therefore, continue to measure both the 1-h- and 2-h-value of ESR.
Preoperative diagnosis of symptomatic colorectal endometriosis is often difficult. Hence, the x-ray findings of eight woman patients with confirmed affection of the colon with endometriosis foci were evaluated together with the clinical, surgical and histological findings. In 50% of the cases rectal haemorrhages were the most frequently occurring sign. In three-quarters of the cases the colon sigmoideum was involved. Radiologically it was possible to prove in 37.5% each of the cases that there was a polypoid lesion and an irregular concentric stenosis of the intestinal lumen. In 25% of the cases we found a complete stenosis of the intestinal lumen combined with ileus. X-ray sign pattern of colorectal endometriosis, however, is not pathognomonic.
We reviewed innominate artery compression of the trachea in 10 medically treated patients (group I) and 6 children who underwent innominate arteriopexy (group II). The symptoms were as follows: (1) stridor (80% in group I, and 66% in group II), (2) recurrent bronchopulmonary infections (40% in group I, 66% in group II) and (3) apneic attacks (10% in group I and 100% in group II). Diagnosis was made in all cases by tracheobronchoscopy . It revealed severe tracheal stenosis (narrowing more than 2 thirds) in all children treated by surgery. In group I the tracheal stenosis was mild (narrowing less than one third) in 5 cases, moderate (narrowing from one third to 2 thirds) in 4 cases and severe in only one case. The indication for surgery was based on a history of apneic attacks. In this study innominate arteriopexy has proven to be a reliable and low risk procedure which relieved reflex apnea and recurrent bronchopulmonary infections in all 6 children operated upon.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Selective adaptation was used to explore the characterisitcs of a metacontrast masking stimulus which contribute to its effectiveness in masking the test stimulus. Subjects adapted for 10 s to a configuration like the masking stimulus that was either continuously on or flickering. Following this they viewed a metacontrast presentation and estimated the brightness of the test stimulus. Prior adaptation to a continuously present stimulus did not appreciably affect metacontrast masking; however, masking was greatly reduced following adaptation to flickering stimuli. These results are consistent with recent models of metacontrast masking based on transient and sustained visual channels.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
In this case report, we present a three year old boy who suffered an amputation of his left index finger at the level of the nail base (proximal zone I) caused by a scissor cut. Following referral to a center with hand surgical and pediatric care, successful replantation was achieved and postoperative pediatric care ensured finger perfusion. Three months postop, the reconstructed finger was in normal daily use with full function. Our success encourages for initial replantation of digits in infants in any case and irrespective of the level of amputation. Optimal results in these patients can only be achieved by interdisciplinary care of hand surgeons and pediatricians.