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Biomedical subjects

B Philipson

Publications and source records attributed to B Philipson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Nuclear cataract--a microradiographic study.

Nuclear cataract is a common type of senile cataract characterized by an increased turbidity and often a yellow to brown pigmentation of the nucleus. Twenty-one human lenses with different degrees of nuclear turbidity were, after intracapsular cataract extraction, examined by a quantitative microradiographic technique. The dry mass concentration was determined along the lens axis, and revealed an overall distribution similar to the normal lens. The concentration increased from the poles towards the center of the lens, to reach a mean level of 0.47 g.cm-3 (range 0.38-0.55). Though the appearance of the nucleus as well as the dry mass were relatively uniform. In addition, different types of formations with reduced or increased dry mass were found in the nucleus. The location of these formations are described and their nature discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

After-cataract in the rabbit eye following extracapsular cataract extraction--a wound healing reaction.

The cellular response in lens remnants was studied after ECCE in the rabbit eye. Following capsulotomy, the lens content was gently exprimated. No aspiration/irrigation was performed. Degenerative changes were found in the lens fibers and lens epithelium at the equator. Proliferation of lens epithelium started early. Lens fibers break-down almost ceased when lens fibers had been enclosed by proliferating epithelium, that also formed new foci for lens fiber formation. In the opening between the anterior and posterior capsule fibroblastlike cells emerged proliferating on to the posterior capsule.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Atopic cataract: changes in the lens epithelium and subcapsular cortex.

Two lenses with atopic cataract, one from a 33-year-old man and one from a 50-year-old man, were examined by light and electron microscopy. The younger man had an anterior polar cataract and the older a subcapsular opacification of the entire subcapsular cortex. In the younger lens the epithelial cells in front of the anterior opacity were extremely large and contained an increased number of mitochondria. In the older lens epithelial cells were missing centrally. These morphological changes probably reflect a malfunction of the lens epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Infrared radiation and cataract. I. Epidemiologic investigation of iron- and steel-workers.

The aim of the presented study was to establish if occupational exposure to infrared (IR) radiation increases the risk of developing cataract, and to correlate the lens findings to the degree of exposure. The eyes of 208 IR-exposed workers and 208 controls, all from 6 Swedish iron and steel manufacturing plants, were examined. An increased prevalence of wedge-shaped opacities was found in IR-exposed persons 60 years of age and older. This type of lens opacity is normally considered to be a purely senile change. Acceleration of senile changes by IR radiation is suggested. Stratification of the material with regard to exposure was made on different grounds, but failed to show a dose-effect-correlation.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Infrared radiation and cataract II. Epidemiologic investigation of glass workers.

An epidemiologic investigation on the prevalence of cataract in glass workers is presented. The study includes 209 workers over 50 years of age exposed to infrared (IR) radiation in the Swedish manual glass industry for 20 years or more, and 298 non-IR-exposed controls. The examination includes an evaluation of the individual IR-exposure and an ophthalmological examination with special reference to the lens. In IR-exposed workers 70 years of age and older there is a statistically significant increase of aphakia and of all types of cataract, subcapsular, cuneiform and nuclear, compared to the controls of the same age group. In the same age group the risk for an IR-exposed worker to have his vision reduced by cataract to 0.7 or less is 2.5 times as high as for non-exposed controls (95% confidence interval 1.4-4.4). The risk that he will have to be operated for cataract is 12 times as high (95% confidence interval 2.6-53). It is concluded, that the occupational IR-exposure of the glass workers accelerates the development of senile changes in the lens. All workers with a high exposure to IR radiation should be equipped with adequate eye protection.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Nuclear cataract and myopia during hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

The effect on the human lens of prolonged hyperbaric oxygen therapy is reported. Eye examinations were given to 25 patients before, during, and after a series of 150 or more exposures to hyperbaric oxygen. All patients changed refraction in the direction of myopia during treatment. Fifteen of the patients had clear lens nuclei before treatment. Seven of these developed a nuclear cataract with reduced visual acuity during treatment. Reversible lens myopia has previously been noticed as a side effect of exposure to hyperbaric oxygen, but the cataractogenic effect in man has not been reported by other workers. This report strongly supports the theory of an oxidative damage to the lens proteins as a cause of nuclear cataract.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Exposure to organic solvents. A cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation on occupationally exposed care and industrial spray painters with special reference to the nervous system.

In the present epidemiologic study 80 car or industrial spray painters with long-term low level exposure to organic solvents were examined and compared with two matched reference groups of nonexposed industrial workers (80 persons in each group). The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effects of the solvent exposure on health. The investigation included psychiatric interviews, psychometric tests, neurological, neurophysiological and ophthalmologic examinations, and computed tomography of the brain. The painters' previous and present exposure was carefully assessed by interviews and on-the-job measurements both at modern places of work and in a reconstructed model of a workshop from 1955. On the basis of the psychiatric interviews the psychiatric symptoms were rated according to a specially designed scale of 46 different items, graded in seven steps of increasing severity. The psychological performance was assessed by a battery of 18 tests. The neurological and neurophysiological examinations comprised visual evoked responses (VER), electroencephalography (EEG), and computerized EEG analysis (SPA) for the central nervous system and electroneurography (ENeG), the estimation of vibration sense thresholds, and a quantified neurological examination for the peripheral nervous system. The ophthamologic examination concentrated on the condition of the lens. Statistically significant differences between the exposed individuals and referents were found for psychiatric items indicative of a slight cerebral lesion (ie, a neurasthenic syndrome). The psychometric tests revealed statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to reaction time, manual dexterity, perceptual speed, and short-term memory. No differences were found with respect to performance on verbal, spatial, and reasoning tests. Significant differences between the groups were also found for the majority of the neurophysiological parameters measuring peripheral nerve functions, the most pronounced occurring in the long, sensory fibers. Moreover EEG and VER showed some differences between the groups, as did the results of the ophthalmologic examination and the computed tomography. Finally, it should be emphasized that the exposure levels, as measured at modern places of work and in the reconstructed workshop from 1955, were found to be considerably lower than the valid threshold limit values in Sweden.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

Fish-eye disease. A new familial condition with massive corneal opacities and dyslipoproteinaemia.

A man and his three daughters had massive corneal opacities called in their home village "fish-eye disease" because of the resemblance of the eyes to those of boiled fish. The two living daughters had the same dyslipoproteinaemia, characterised by normal serum cholesterol but raised serum triglycerides, raised very-low-density lipoproteins, strikingly high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides. LDL contained normal sized as well as abnormally large particles and a 90% reduction in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and the percentage of plasma cholesterol esters were normal, with excluded LCAT-deficiency. Normal electrophoretic mobility of HDL as well as other lipoprotein findings excluded Tangier disease. The clinical and laboratory abnormalities in fish-eye disease are atherosclerosis at old age, visual impairment, and dense corneal opacification. Fish-eye disease thus differs both clinically and in its lipoprotein abnormalities from LCAT-deficiency and Tangier disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Absorption studies in patients six to 10 years after construction of ileostomy reservoirs.

The absorption of fat, bile salts, and vitamin B12 was studied in 14 proctocolectomised patients six to 10 years after construction of a continent ileostomy. All patients were in excellent health and displayed no signs of malnutrition. Schilling test disclosed subnormal absorption of vitamin B12 in one patient and borderline values in five. Faecal loss of bile acid was increased in 12 patients and fat malabsorption occurred in two. Except for slightly pathological liver tests in two patients, routine laboratory tests, including plasma concentration of vitamin B12 and folic acid, were normal. There were no signs of sodium or potassium depletion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hypocalcaemia with zonular cataract due to idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. With a note on the prevalence of severe hypocalcaemia in a health screening.

A 59-year-old woman with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism who had tetany and zonular cataract is described. Twelve years ago she had had a period with cramps and convulsions, followed by an absence of symptoms for several years. Judging from the distance between the opacity of cataract and the surface of the lens, the onset of the cataract was estimated to have occurred 11 years ago and the apparent cessation of cataract development 10 years ago. It is suggested that the absence of hypocalcaemic symptoms during the last 10 years was associated with an increase in serum calcium levels, possibly connected with the onset of menopause. The occurrence of hypocalcaemia was analyzed in a health-screened population of 15 903 persons. Nine of the subjects were found to have a serum calcium level of less than 2.10 mmol/l, giving a prevalence of 0.6%0. None had primary hypoparathyroidism, which illustrates the rarity of this condition.

Cataract↗
PubMed1977

Ileostomy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Vitamin B12 absorption in patients with continent ileostomy.

Vitamin B12 absorption was studied in 34 patients, 10 months to 6 years after construction of a continent ileostomy. Normal Schilling test values (greater than 10 percent) were obtained in 21 of the cases after a single determination. Repeated tests showed a normal B12 absorption in 8 of the 13 patients who had revealed a Schilling test value below 10 percent at the first determination. In the remaining 5 patients, repeated Schilling tests showed borderline values (5-10 percent) in 4 cases and a low value (mean 4.5 percent) in one case. One of the patients with borderline values had previously undergone resection of 80 cm of the terminal ileum. When vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex was instilled directly into the reservoir in 3 patients, it was found that the vitamin was absorbed by the mucous membrane of the reservoir. The construction of a continent ileostomy reservoir thus does not appear to expose the patient to an increased risk of developing vitamin B12 malabsorption.

Adolescent↗