[Diabetes and pregnancy].
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Blood Glucose↗
Biomedical subjects
B Persson
Publications and source records attributed to B Persson.
[The adult psychiatry and the social care must cooperate to protect the children of the addicts].
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Alcoholism↗
Dosimetry in lymphoscintigraphy of Tc-99m antimony sulfide colloid.
A quantitative kinetic technique using a scintillation camera has been developed for investigating lymph drainage and the uptake in the lymph nodes of 99mTcSb2S3 colloid injected subcutaneously. Twenty-two patients with primary malignant melanoma were examined. Lymph-node dissection was performed and 185 lymph nodes were individually measured for radioactivity. The kinetics of colloid uptake in individual nodes can be expressed by a simple two-compartment model. The outflow of colloid from the injection site was found to be monoexponential, and the tissue volume containing the injected colloid at the injection site increased asymptotically with time. A model has been developed for calculating absorbed doses at the injection site and in organs with colloid uptake. The following absorbed doses were estimated (muGy/MBq): whole body 0.7-4.5, gonads 0-22, liver 1.0-3.9, lymph nodes up to 1000 and injection site about 10,000. Possible biological effects in the skin and effective dose equivalents have been estimated when using other lymphoscintigraphic agents.
Antimony↗
[New principles in liver surgery].
39 patients with metastases to the liver from colorectal cancer were treated with liver resection. The average survival time was 25 months. 11 patients are alive after 10 to 102 months. 18 patients had liver resection for primary liver cancer. The average survival time was 27 months. 4 patients are alive after 27 to 84 months. 16 patients had temporary dearterialisation for carcinoid. All the surviving patients were free from symptoms for at least 6 months.
Aged↗
Effects of local microwave hyperthermia on liver tumors: an experimental study in rats.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
[Evaluation of a therapeutic program. Acute uncompensated diabetes in children].
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Adolescent↗
Control of behaviour and brain noradrenaline neurons by peripheral blood volume receptors.
A moderate blood volume load or experimental hemorrhage caused in the conscious rat reciprocal alterations in locomotor activity and norepinephrine turnover in brain regions largely innervated by nucleus locus coeruleus. Other brain regions as well as other central neurotransmitters (dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine) investigated did not show similar reciprocal changes. These data taken together with previous electrophysiological evidence support the notion that peripheral blood volume receptors participate in the control of brain norepinephrine neurons in the locus coeruleus as well as behaviour.
5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
Synthesis of collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans by normal and scleroderma fibroblasts in culture, with and without addition of cyclofenil.
The influence of the synthetic weak estrogen cyclofenil was studied in vitro on skin fibroblasts from scleroderma patients, normals, and human embryos. The drug had no effect on the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans or collagen. Collagen synthesis was lower in scleroderma fibroblasts than in normal cells, whereas there was no difference in sulfated glycosaminoglycans synthesis.
Adult↗
Circulatory and metabolic effects of a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocker (labetalol) in hypertension of pregnancy.
1 Seven women with hypertension of pregnancy were given the combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug labetalol (50 mg i.v.) in their last trimester. Acute effects were studied for 3 h after administration. 2 Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced from 143 +/- 4 (s.e. mean) to 127 +/- 5 mmHg and from 101 +/- 2 to 88 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively. Maternal heart rate fell significantly from 77 +/- 5 to 68 +/- 3 beats/min. The changes remained during the 3 h of observation. Foetal heart rate was not affected. No side-effects were encountered. 3 Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly from 1.54 +/- 0.16 to a peak value of 2.37 +/- 0.41 nmol/l suggesting sympathetic activation following labetalol. Plasma adrenaline levels were essentially unchanged. Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide showed only minor changes. No major effects on lipid metabolism were seen except a significant fall of nonesterified fatty acids at 60 min. Plasma cyclic AMP increased significantly throughout the observation period, perhaps indicating beta-adrenoceptor agonist activity of labetalol. 4 The effectiveness of labetalol as an acute hypertensive agent together with apparent absence of metabolic disturbances and other side-effects makes it an interesting drug for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy.
Blood Pressure↗
Development of tolerance to oral salbutamol in the third trimester of pregnancy: a study of circulatory and metabolic effects.
1 The purpose of the study was to investigate whether a development of tolerance does occur or not to salbutamol-induced cardiovascular and metabolic effects after oral long term treatment in pregnancy. 2 Twenty-three women in late pregnancy were given an oral dose of 4 mg salbutamol in the morning after an overnight fast. Ten of the women had not been exposed to beta-adrenoceptor agonists earlier in their pregnancy (group A). Thirteen of the women had been treated with salbutamol in a dose of 4 mg four times a day for 12 to 33 days preceding the study (group B). 3 Blood samples were collected every 30 min for 120 min and analyzed for cyclic AMP, insulin, C-peptide, glucose, lactate, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB). Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded simultaneously. 4 In group A there was significant increase in plasma cyclic AMP and increased glycogenolysis, lipolysis and insulin secretion. In this group there were also significant cardiovascular effects, that is, an increase of heart rate and decrease of diastolic blood pressure. 5 In group B the effects of salbutamol were significantly less pronounced, indicating a development of tolerance. 6 We conclude that the metabolic side-effects are not sufficient reason to withhold beta-adrenoceptor agonists to healthy pregnant women with threatened premature labour, since tolerance rapidly develops to these actions.
Albuterol↗
Metabolic and circulatory effects of oral salbutamol in the third trimester of pregnancy in diabetic and non-diabetic women.
Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of 4 mg oral salbutamol were studied in ten non-diabetic, ten chemical diabetic and five juvenile diabetic women in late pregnancy. None of the women had been treated with beta-sympathomimetic drugs earlier in their pregnancy. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded and blood samples for measurement of plasma cyclic AMP, insulin, C-peptide, glucose, lactate, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) were collected every 30 minutes for 120 minutes after salbutamol. All women underwent the same procedure at random without salbutamol. There were significant cardiovascular effects of salbutamol in all the groups but no differences in these effects between the groups. Salbutamol caused significant increases of glycogenolysis and lipolysis in all the groups, significantly larger in the juvenile diabetic than the non-diabetic and chemical diabetic women. This observation could be explained by the inability of the juvenile diabetics to secrete insulin, shown by their non-measureable plasma C-peptide levels. The metabolic responses following salbutamol in the chemical diabetics were intermediate between the non-diabetic and juvenile diabetic groups. The results show that diabetes does not alter the sensitivity of beta-receptors involved in cardiovascular regulation, while the metabolic responses to oral salbutamol are enhanced, especially in juvenile diabetics. We suggest that during treatment with beta-sympathomimetic drugs, blood glucose should be monitored in all patients showing criteria of potential diabetes.
Adult↗
Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in diabetic women during late pregnancy and one year post partum.
Insulin (0.1 IW/kg) later followed by glucose was injected intravenously in nine diabetic women in the supine position both during pregnancy and one year post partum. C-peptide was present in five subjects, indicating some residual beta-cell function. Their mean basal C-peptide level, before insulin, was twice as high in the pregnant as inthe non-pregnant state. C-peptide decreased progressively after insulin. The mean basal plasma glucose level was lower during pregnancy (4.8 mmol/l) than after it (9.6 mmol/l), but decreased to the same level (2.2 mmol/l) after insulin. The rate of fall in glucose was thus lower during pregnancy (kt = 2.54) than after (kt = 4.08), but was unrelated to the basal glucose levels. Basal levels of free fatty acids (FFA), 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), cyclic AMP, and lactate were similar, while glycerol was lower during pregnancy. Insulin-induced changes in FFA, glycerol, 3-HB, cyclic AMP, and lactate were similar during and after pregnancy. Plasma amino acid concentrations were generally lower in pregnancy, significantly so only for arginine and glycine. Amino acid levels were unaffected by insulin in pregnancy, whereas leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine decreased significantly in the non-pregnancy, whereas leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine decreased significantly in the non-pregnancy, whereas leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine decreased significantly in the non-pregnancy state. We conclude that there are differences in metabolic responses to insulin in diabetic women during and after pregnancy, indicating a decreased sensitivity to insulin during pregnancy in some tissues.
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and amino acids.
The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and 24 amino acids were examined in 12 patients with presenile dementia and in seven with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Both groups of patients showed significantly lower values of CBF and cerebral uptake of oxygen and glucose than 10 healthy subjects examined concurrently. The values decreased roughly in proportion to the degree of clinical deterioration. Furthermore, the patients exhibited a significant release of lactate and pyruvate. A positive correlation was found between CMR and arterial concentration of ketone bodies. The group with presenile dementia showed no uptake of amino acids, but a significant release of phenylalanine; in addition, CMR of alanine and threonine was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects. These findings suggest a cerebral catabolic state. Four patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus were also studied after shunt operations. All showed an increase of CMR glucose and a decrease of CMR ketone bodies, acetoacetate as well as D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, which could not be attributed to a consistent decrease of arterial levels of ketone bodies.
Aged↗
A hypertensive response to baclofen in the nucleus tractus solitarii in rats.
The hypertension and tachycardia after intraperitoneal administration of baclofen, 5 mg kg-1, to conscious rats was prevented by a midcollicular decerebration but not by a brain transection rostral to the hypothalamus. In conscious rats, local application of baclofen (50 ng) into the region of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) caused a consistent pressor response while injections into the hypothalamus, n. fastiguus, nn. amygdala, nn. dorsalis raphe or n. locus coeruleus did not. The cardiovascular effects of NTS injections of baclofen in anaesthetized animals were variable. The reflex heart rate reduction to noradrenaline (0.5 microgram i.v.) was prevented by administration of baclofen i.v. as well as locally into the NTS. It is concluded that baclofen causes elevation of blood pressure in the NTS, and that this structure is a possible locus of action for systemically administered baclofen in producing hypertension.
Anesthesia↗
Lack of effect on body weight and content of nitrogen and fat after insulin administration to fetal rats.
The effect of fetal insulin injection on body weight and carcass lipid and nitrogen content was studied in four groups of rat fetuses. In each litter, one fetus in each horn was randomly chosen for treatment with either insulin injection, saline injection, insulin solvent injection or sham operation. Injections were given subcutaneously to the fetuses on days 18 1/2, 19 1/2, and 20 1/2 of gestation. The experimental model and the statistical evaluation took into consideration the influence of the fetal position in the uterine horn as well as the variability of fetal size between different litters. Using this experimental model we found that insulin injections to the fetal rat had no effect on body weight and body composition.
Animals↗
Follow-up of women with large-for-dates infants. Early insulin and C-peptide response to intravenous glucose, blood lipids and HLA-types.
In a previous study we determined the glucose disappearance rate (kt) in 129 newborn large-for-dates infants (LFD) born to mothers without known diabetes. Twenty-six infants (i.e. 20.6%) had elevated kt values similar to those in offspring of diabetic mothers. A follow-up study of 123 of these mothers was performed 7 years after delivery and included determination of early insulin and C-peptide response to intravenous glucose, plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins and HLA-typing. Two subjects had developed diabetes and altogether 14% had a kt below 1.0. Measures of the early insulin and C-peptide response to glucose were equally well correlated to maternal kt values (r = 0.40, P less than 0.001). Measures of the early insulin and C-peptide responses were significantly correlated (r = 0.64, P less than 0.001). The frequency distribution of HLA antigens were not different from normal and there was no association between HLA-B8 or B15 and impaired insulin response or glucose tolerance. Multiple regression and discriminate analysis of clinical and biochemical variables could not accurately identify women with high or low kt values. Multiple regression analysis using infant kt value as the dependent variable disclosed only a weak, but significant, inverse association to maternal insulin response to glucose at follow-up.
Adult↗
CT of soft-tissue tumors.
Computed tomography was performed on 52 patients with soft-tissue tumors, 36 malignant and 16 benign. Major advantages with CT include the possibility of differentiating between lipoma and other tumors and the ability to demonstrate the transverse location of a lesion (intra- or extracompartmental). It was not possible to relate attenuation values to histologic type or grade of malignancy. CT was found superior to conventional radiography in demonstrating additional bony destruction of the pelvis and spine. The risk of overestimating the size of high grade malignant tumors because of accompanying edema is discussed. CT should precede angiography in the investigation of soft-tissue tumors, and angiography may primarily be reserved for those lesions where vascular relationships are not adequately demonstrated by CT.
Adolescent↗
Correlation between decreased heart rate and central inhibition of sympathetic discharge after prazosin administration in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and splanchnic sympathetic discharge were recorded in conscious and anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Administration of prazosin (1 mg/kg i.v.) reduced heart rate in most rats and this effect was closely parallelled by a decrease in sympathetic discharge. In contrast, administration of hydralazine (1 mg/kg i.v.) caused a sustained tachycardia and increased sympathetic nervous activity. The cardiovascular effects of prazosin (0.2-0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.) were examined in different rat strains. Sprague-Dawley and Wistar-Kyoto rats responded with tachycardia whereas a significant bradycardia was observed in SHR following the higher doses of prazosin. It is suggested that the bradycardia obtained after prazosin administration is due to a central inhibition of sympathetic outflow, an effect possibly caused by blockade of alpha-adrenoreceptors. The different heart rate responses in different rat strains may be interpreted to reflect differences in sensitivity of central alpha-adrenoreceptors.
Animals↗