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Biomedical subjects

B Persson

Publications and source records attributed to B Persson.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Serum levels of somatomedins and somatomedin-binding protein in pregnant women with type I or gestational diabetes and their infants.

The serum levels of the low mol wt form of somatomedin-binding protein (SMBP) were 5-fold higher in both diabetic (n = 44) and nondiabetic pregnant women (n = 14) than in nonpregnant women. No difference was found between women with type 1 diabetes and those with gestational diabetes. There was a negative correlation between maternal levels of SMBP during the last trimester and the birth weight percentile of the infants (r = -0.51). There was a 2- to 3-fold elevation of maternal insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) levels during pregnancy in both diabetic and nondiabetic women. A positive correlation (r = 0.49) was found between maternal IGF-I levels and the birth weight percentiles of their infants. The correlation between the ratio of IGF-I to SMBP, which may reflect the IGF-I available to the placenta, to birth weight percentile was higher (r = 0.57), and the SE of estimate of weight percentile was 23%. The ratio between IGF-I and SMBP in cord blood was correlated with birth weight, although cord blood IGF-I and SMBP values were not. The IGF-II levels in cord serum were 50% higher in the infants of diabetic than in those of nondiabetic mothers. These findings raise the questions of whether maternal SMBP levels influence the amount of IGF-I available for the fetal-placental unit and whether IGF-II participates in glucose homeostasis in the fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Longterm morbidity in infants of diabetic mothers.

A study of the five year morbidity experience by a group of 73 children born to diabetic and gestational diabetic mothers in one institution between 1969 and 1972 is reported. Only one child was found to be remarkably obese. No severe neurological deficit was found and intellectual performance was normal. None had developed diabetes. Five years later the prevalence of diabetes was reassessed. Two children (3%) had developed insulin-dependent diabetes.

Body Height↗
PubMed1986

Zinc and alkaline phosphatase in developing rat oral mucosa.

Alkaline phosphatases (AlkPase) of many different tissues and species have been shown to be zinc metalloenzymes. Specific regions of rat oral mucosa have a high activity of AlkPase. Combined autoradiography and enzyme histochemistry showed that they also retained injected radioactive zinc (65Zn). The AlkPase activity was inactivated by EDTA and reactivated with zinc. However, it could not be verified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with radioactivity measurements and enzyme analysis that the 65Zn uptake of oral mucosa was incorporated in the AlkPase molecule.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Blood pressure reduction and pharmacokinetics of ketanserin in hypertensive patients.

Pharmacokinetic and antihypertensive effects of the S2-serotonergic antagonist ketanserin were determined in 10 patients with essential hypertension (WHO stages I-II) after a single intravenous (0.15 mg/kg) and a single oral (40 mg) dose as well as during steady-state conditions on 40 mg once-daily dose regimen. The maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) of 99 +/- 14 and 97 +/- 14 ng/ml occurred approximately 1 h after single oral and chronic oral intake, respectively. The minimum steady-state concentration (Cssmin) was 13 +/- 2 ng/ml on a 40 mg once-daily regimen. Terminal half-lives (T1/2 beta) were 6.5 +/- 0.4 and 9.0 +/- 0.9 h after intravenous and single oral administration. During steady-state therapy the elimination half-life (24.7 +/- 2.6 h) was significantly increased compared to single dose administration. Bioavailability ranged between 15 and 60%, indicating a substantial first-pass effect. After intravenous ketanserin, mean supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were maximally reduced after 30 min. A single oral 40 mg dose reduced mean supine SBP/DBP by 31 +/- 8/16 +/- 5 (P less than 0.01/P less than 0.05) at maximal plasma ketanserin concentrations. The SBP and DBP were reduced over 24 h during steady-state conditions on 40 mg once-daily treatment and the mean supine blood pressure reduction 24 h after dose intake was 23 +/- 7/16 +/- 4 mmHg compared to placebo control (P less than 0.05/P less than 0.01). The data from this study indicate that ketanserin monotherapy may lower blood pressure over 24 h in a once-daily regimen.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Regional haemodynamics and antihypertensive effects during long-term ketanserin treatment.

The serotonin (S2) antagonist, ketanserin was given to 16 patients with essential hypertension on a single-blind basis. Ten patients were treated for 3 years with ketanserin 40-80 mg daily on a once or twice daily regimen. In this group supine blood pressure fell from 164 +/- 4/101 +/- 2 mmHg on placebo to 152 +/- 5/91 +/- 3 mmHg (NS/P less than 0.01) after 3 years of therapy. During treatment, total serum cholesterol remained essentially unchanged while serum triglycerides were significantly reduced. No side-effects were seen except for dry mouth or slight nasal congestion reported by two patients. In six patients regional haemodynamics were assessed by forearm plethysmography. After 3 months of ketanserin, resting vascular resistance was significantly reduced from 58.3 +/- 12 units on single-blind placebo to 47.0 +/- 12 units (P less than 0.005) on single-blind ketanserin, 40 mg twice daily. We conclude that ketanserin is an effective antihypertensive agent during long-term therapy with some beneficial effects on serum lipids. The antihypertensive effect seems to be mediated chiefly by a decrease in vascular resistance.

Female↗
PubMed1986

On the role of atrial natriuretic peptide in cardiovascular regulation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Atrial natriuretic peptide ANP(1-23) reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), central blood volume (CBV) and stroke volume (SV) when given i.v. (100 pmol/min) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In SHR, total peripheral resistance (TPR) was significantly lowered. The major cause of the fall in blood pressure in WKY was reduction in CO and in SHR reduction in TPR. Acute 20% volume expansion increased plasma immunoreactive ANP (IR-ANP) in WKY as well as in SHR. However, the ANP release in SHR was blunted compared with WKY. After chronic high salt intake, ANP release in SHR was even further reduced in relation to an acute volume load. We conclude that the release of ANP as well as the haemodynamic responses to exogenous ANP is altered in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Method for quantification of low flow velocities by magnetic resonance phase imaging.

The aim of this study was to compare the influence of flow in the velocity range 0 to 25 mm/s on modulus, phase, real and imaginary images obtained with a standard magnetic resonance scanner (Siemens Magnetom, 0.5 T), and to develop a simple method for determination of flow velocities in vivo from this information. Using a flow phantom, the flow dependent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal has been studied as a function of flow perpendicular to the image slice with non-doped water (simulating moving cerebrospinal fluid) as well as with water doped with Mn2+ (simulating moving blood) for each of the four mentioned image types. The results show a marked flow dependence on all types of images studied. The variation of the signal with flow in the modulus images is relaxation-time dependent in the studied velocity range and it is non-monotone for non-doped water. In the phase images, however, the variations are monotone and not dependent on relaxation times. In modulus images the curve shape is relatively independent on flow direction, while phase images are clearly dependent on flow direction in the studied velocity range. The signal versus velocity curves for the real and imaginary images show resemblance to those for the modulus and the phase images, respectively. It is concluded that the phase information can be used to generate a signal versus velocity calibration curve, which can be used to quantify low flow velocities in vivo.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging↗
PubMed1986

Factors influencing neonatal morbidity in diabetic pregnancy.

The influence on neonatal morbidity of factors such as maternal duration of diabetes, third trimester blood glucose control, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and hypertension in pregnancy was analyzed in 92 consecutive diabetic pregnancies (White B35, C22, D26, F9). In a subgroup of 52 diabetic pregnancies the analysis was extended to the influence of hemoglobin A1c at the start and end of pregnancy, blood glucose control during delivery, and fetal insulin secretion at birth. The infants were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of neonatal morbidity: either no (n = 37), minor (n = 27), or severe morbidity (n = 28). There were no significant differences between the groups with no and minor morbidity. Compared to the no-morbidity group, the group with severe morbidity had significantly longer duration of maternal diabetes (p less than 0.05), shorter gestational age at delivery (p less than 0.025), higher frequency of cesarean section (p less than 0.05), and higher frequency of toxicosis (p less than 0.01). The 3 groups did not differ significantly with regard to maternal blood glucose control during pregnancy and delivery. Discriminant analysis revealed that the most significant (p less than 0.001) influence on severe morbidity came from gestational age at delivery. After correction for this factor, there were no other factors with a significant influence on severe morbidity. Within the actual range (mean values 3.9-8.5 mmol/l), blood glucose control during the third trimester had no significant influence on morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Early radiologic detection of local recurrence after curettage and acrylic cementation of giant cell tumours.

Five patients with giant cell tumour of bone, treated with curettage and acrylic cementation, were suspected of having recurrence of tumour 6 months-6 years after surgery. At repeat surgery, recurrence was histologically verified in three patients, and excluded in two. A review of the radiologic examinations of these patients showed that the only reliable sign of early recurrence was lysis or non-development of the sclerotic rim adjacent to the radiolucent zone between the cement and the cancellous bone, detectable on conventional radiographs and tomographs. Angiography and scintimetry were not reliable during the first year after the primary surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Structures of N-terminally acetylated proteins.

Primary structures of 250 characterized proteins with N-terminally acetylated residues were correlated with residue distributions and other data. Excluding multiple forms derived from characterized species variants, the structures represent 105 different types of acetylated proteins. Results of comparisons extend previous suggestions based on fewer structures and define relationships further. The N-terminal residue that is acetylated is of a limited type and is frequently a small residue, with a heavy over-representation of serine and alanine. However, the occurrence of methionine at the acetylated position is also high, whereas that of glycine is less frequent than previously estimated. Lysine is over-represented in the N-terminal region, as is aspartic and glutamic acids at a few positions close to the acetylated N-terminus (especially the adjacent position). Finally, distributions of branched-chain residues in the N-terminal region of acetylated proteins are altered in relation to those of proteins in general, isoleucine is over-represented, and leucine and valine are under-represented. The results suggest that alpha-amino-acetylated proteins have special residues in N-terminally non-hydrophobic structures. Data are compatible with a protective function for acetylation but do not exclude further role(s) in processing or other special functions.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1985

Antihypertensive mechanism of action of ketanserin and some ketanserin analogues in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Ketanserin is a new antihypertensive agent with affinity to serotonin (5-HT)2 receptors and at higher concentrations also to alpha 1-adrenoceptors. The present study was designed to evaluate the relative functional importance of the antagonism of alpha 1-adrenoceptors and 5-HT2-receptors in the antihypertensive mechanism of action of ketanserin and analogues after acute administration. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, ketanserin and the two ketanserin analogues, R56413 and R55667 (which have relatively weaker alpha-adrenolytic properties) were studied with regard to their ability to reduce the blood pressure after acute administration in the conscious rat and their ability to shift the dose response curves for 5-HT and phenylephrine in the pithed rat. The agents tested reduced the blood pressure only in a dose range where they blocked alpha 1-adrenoceptors and there was a striking correlation between the degree of hypotension and the degree of inhibition of the phenylephrine induced pressor responses. 5-HT2-receptor blockade alone did not influence basal blood pressure. However, following pretreatment with R55667 in a low dose the blood pressure reduction to prazosin was enhanced. It is concluded that following acute administration in the rat the major portion of the antihypertensive response to ketanserin is due to an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade but that the 5-HT2-receptor blockade contributes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Central effects of baclofen on the L-dopa induced hyperactive urinary bladder of the rat.

Cystometric recordings were performed in pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats and the effects of baclofen on urinary bladder function were evaluated as their influence on bladder hyperactivity induced by 1-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) after peripheral decarboxylase inhibition. The bladder response was inhibited by intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v., 4th ventricle, 0.1 microgram) as well as by systemically administered (10 mg/kg i.v.) baclofen. Intravenous naloxone but not i.v. bicuculline i.c.v. substance P or i.c.v. glutamate antagonized the inhibitory actions of i.c.v. or/and i.v. baclofen. It is suggested that baclofen depresses the hyperactive bladder by a central action that is unrelated to bicuculline sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid mechanisms, substance P or glutamate neurotransmission but that is possibly related to interference with opioid mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Chronic 5-HT2 receptor blockade with ritanserin does not reduce blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Chronic oral treatment (8 weeks) with the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2)-receptor blocking agent, ritanserin, did not reduce blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) during basal conditions or during stress (jet air). In pithed rats the pressor responses to 5-HT but not to phenylephrine or sympathetic stimulation of the sympathetic outflow were completely antagonized. These observations indirectly suggests that the 5-HT2-receptor blocking properties of the antihypertensive agent ketanserin cannot alone account for the antihypertensive effects in SHR that are observed during chronic treatment with this agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acute administration of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a selective 5-HT-receptor agonist, causes a biphasic blood pressure response and a bradycardia in the normotensive Sprague-Dawley rat and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) is a new serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist that binds selectively to the 5-HT1A binding site. In the present paper we investigated the cardiovascular effects of 8-OH-DPAT in the normotensive Sprague-Dawley rat and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. The acute i.v. administration of 8-OH-DPAT (5-150 micrograms/kg) was in both rat strains associated with a biphasic blood pressure response and a bradycardia. The initial pressor response was due to a direct vascular effect of 8-OH-DPAT involving activation of alpha-adrenoceptors since it was present in pithed rats and in reserpine pretreated rats and since it was attenuated by prazosin. The longer lasting hypotension was not due to a direct vascular relaxation or a presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release since the hypotension was not evident in pithed rats and since 8-OH-DPAT did not influence the pressor responses to electrical stimulation in pithed rats. Rather, the combination of hypotension and bradycardia would suggest a central site of action although the intracerebroventricular (lat. ventricles) route of administration was not more efficient (to induce hypotension) than i.v. administration. At least the bradycardia was mediated by changes in vagal as well as sympathetic discharge since it was prevented by pretreatment with atropine and propranolol in combination but not by pretreatment with either agent alone. The cardiovascular effects of 8-OH-DPAT were not prevented by pretreatment with methergoline, methiothepin, pirenperone or cianserine or by 5-HT depletion by means of p-chlorophenylalanine, which suggests that the putative 5-HT receptor that is responsible for the hypotension and bradycardia to 8-OH-DPAT is not of a presynaptic type and does not have the pharmacological characteristics of a general 5-HT1 receptor.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1985

Nerve conduction in diabetic pregnancy. A prospective study.

Repeated neurographic examinations were performed during and after the pregnancies of 32 diabetic women who had no signs of neuropathy before pregnancy or at the initial examination during the first trimester. The motor conduction velocity, the sensory conduction velocity and the peak amplitude of the compound action potential of the investigated peripheral nerves were not affected by pregnancy. It is concluded that pregnancy does not impair nerve conduction or induce neuropathy in most diabetic women.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of arterial hypertension with ketanserin in mono- and combination therapy.

We evaluated the long-term antihypertensive effects of ketanserin, a selective serotonin2-receptor blocker with weak adrenergic receptor blocker properties. Ketanserin was given alone, 40 mg o.d. or b.i.d., for 2 years to 12 patients with essential hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs) were significantly reduced 14 days after the start of therapy and remained lowered during the 2-year follow-up period. In a larger group of patients who received ketanserin monotherapy for 2 to 3 months, the response to therapy varied considerably between subjects, with an overall response rate (BP less than 165/95 mm Hg) of 60% to 75%. During steady-state conditions, the maximum and minimum ketanserin plasma concentrations varied from threefold to fourfold between subjects and did not correlate with individual reductions in BP, but for each individual there was a positive correlation between BP reduction and ketanserin plasma concentration throughout a study day. In combination with beta-blockers, ketanserin effectively reduced BP in the supine and standing positions. The plasma concentration profile was not altered as much during combination therapy as when ketanserin was given alone. Side effects were few and tolerable. Ketanserin effectively reduces BP both alone and in combination with beta-blockers and may be still another drug useful in the treatment of essential hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗