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Biomedical subjects

B Persson

Publications and source records attributed to B Persson.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Glucose tolerance, insulin release, and insulin sensitivity in normal-weight women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus.

Out of 57 women with previous histories of gestational diabetes (GD), 23 were of normal weight postpartum and willing to participate in three studies characterizing oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), insulin responsiveness to intravenous glucose (glucose infusion test, GIT), and insulin sensitivity (somatostatin, insulin, and glucose infusion test, SIGIT). The experiments were performed 6-36 mo after cessation of breast-feeding. The control group comprised 10 healthy women with normal OGTT matched for age and weight. Among subjects with previous histories of GD, 9 had normal, 8 borderline, and 6 decreased OGTT. As a group, women with previous histories of GD have significantly decreased insulin response and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, all 14 with borderline and decreased OGTT demonstrated a low early insulin response during GIT (5-min value below the upper border of the lower quartile of normals), whereas insulin sensitivity was normal in 6 and low in 8 (glucose values attained during SIGIT were lower or higher, respectively, than the lower border of the upper quartile of controls). The women with previous histories of GD and normal OGTT exhibited normal (n = 4) and low (n = 5) insulin responses. Three of the former subjects had low and the remaining 6 had normal insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, as many as 60% of normal-weight women with previous histories of GD had borderline or decreased OGTT 6-36 mo postpartum. This derangement could be due to impaired early insulin response, which in some subjects was combined with low insulin sensitivity. Follow-up of women with previous histories of GD might enlighten the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum levels of the carcinoma-associated antigen CA 50 in ulcerative colitis.

The aim was to study the serum level of the carcinoma-associated antigen CA 50 as a marker of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. Seventy-four patients with a mean history of ulcerative colitis of 16 years (SD, 9 years) underwent colonoscopic examination of the entire colon. Dysplasia was diagnosed by light microscopy of multiple biopsy specimens obtained during colonoscopy. Increased serum levels of the antigen CA 50 were found in four patients, of whom two had no signs of dysplasia. Six out of eight patients with moderate dysplasia had serum levels of CA 50 not exceeding a reference level determined as the mean + 2 SD of the results in sera of 500 blood donors. Of 5 patients with ulcerative colitis for more than 30 years, 2 had increased levels of CA 50, whereas only 2 out of 69 with shorter disease duration did (p less than 0.02). Longitudinal studies are required to determine whether measurement of carcinoma-associated antigens will provide clinical information for the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular effects of ketanserin during cold pressure and during isometric and dynamic exercise in hypertensive patients.

Ketanserin is an arteriolar vasodilator, acting on serotoninergic (5-HT2) and adrenergic (alpha 1) receptors. In animals, ketanserin exerts a centrally mediated inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity. In humans it is not established whether ketanserin reduces basal or reflex increases in sympathetic outflow. In different groups of patients, we have investigated the cardiovascular response as well as plasma noradrenaline (pNA) during rest, during the cold pressure test (0 degree C for 3 min), and during isometric (handgrip), and/or dynamic exercise in order to see whether ketanserin reduces the normal increase in sympathetic tone during these maneuvers. Twenty-one patients with essential hypertension were given oral ketanserin (40 mg) once or twice daily for 4 weeks after a 2-4-week single-blind control period. Ketanserin significantly lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate during rest. Resting pNA was not significantly reduced, but the change in pNA was significantly correlated to the reduction in blood pressure and heart rate. During exercise, blood pressure and heart rate remained reduced. Moreover, the relative increase in systolic blood pressure during handgrip and the relative increase in heart rate during bicycle ergometry were significantly reduced during ketanserin therapy. During isometric exercise the relative reduction in blood pressure was significantly correlated to the relative reduction in pNA.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Pancreatic B-cell function during normal pregnancy.

24-h urinary C-peptide excretion was studied in 19 healthy normal weight women with normal glucose tolerance, and related to weight gain and skinfold thickness at 12, 20, 30, 36 weeks of gestation and 6-8 weeks post partum. The urinary C-peptide values (total nmoles or nmoles per kg body weight) showed a significant and progressive increase with gestation. The average C-peptide value was already at 12 weeks of gestation 4 times higher than under non-pregnant conditions. The urinary C-peptide excretion was neither related to maternal weight, weight gain or skinfold thickness at any of the observation periods during pregnancy, nor to the plasma C-peptide response to an oral glucose load at 32 weeks of gestation. A significant correlation was found between urinary C-peptide excretion and body weight determined post partum (r = 0.54, p less than 0.05). The increment in urinary C-peptide excretions at 12 weeks of gestation was unrelated to body mass, suggesting that insulin resistance is present already at this early stage of normal gestation.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1986

Only one DQ-beta restriction fragment pattern of each DR specificity is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes.

Insulin-dependent diabetes is generally associated with the serologic HLA-DR specificities 3 and 4, in particular with DR-3,4 heterozygosity. The disease is negatively associated with DR-2. To investigate these associations further at the genomic level, DNA from 13 families with a proband having insulin-dependent diabetes, from 11 other individuals with the same disease, and from HLA-DR-matched control individuals was subjected to restriction fragment analysis. Three different enzymes (Bam HI, Eco RI, and Pvu II) and cDNA clones for three HLA-D region class II antigen alpha- and beta-chains (DR-beta, DQ-beta, and DQ-alpha) were used. In six families, a total of 11 siblings HLA-DR-identical to the proband were examined. There was no discrepancy between the hybridization patterns of the proband and those of the DR-identical siblings. Two different DQ-B fragment patterns were detected with each one of the serologic specificities DR-2 and DR-4. In both cases, only one of the patterns correlated significantly with diabetes. Thus, DQ-beta genomic hybridization may be used in conjunction with HLA-DR typing to identify individuals with higher relative risk to acquire insulin-dependent diabetes. These results may suggest that insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with the DQ rather than with the DR locus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sequence determinants of cytosolic N-terminal protein processing.

N-terminal methionine removal has been analyzed statistically in a large sample of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytosolic proteins in an attempt to uncover common sequence determinants. We find that the residue next to the initiator Met is the most important determinant of N-terminal processing: Lys, Arg, Leu and (in prokaryotes) Phe and Ile protect the initiator Met from being removed when next to it in the sequence; Ala, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr and (in eukaryotes) Val in this position cause its removal. Subsequent acetylation is confirmed to be strongly biased towards Ala, Met and Ser residues; when Met is acetylated, Asp is the predominant penultimate residue in eukaryotes. Also, we find major differences in the relative abundance of the various residues next to the initiator Met between prokaryotes and eukaryotes: prokaryotic proteins are much more biased towards Lys as the Met-protecting residue, and towards Ala when met is to be removed, than eukaryotic ones. Finally, we show that our results can explain a part of the mRNA 'consensus sequence' found around eukaryotic initiator AUG codons.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1986

A low dietary sodium intake reduces neuronal noradrenaline release and the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Young male spontaneously hypertensive rats were placed on a low (0.5 mmol/100 g), normal (13 mmol/100 g) or high (120 mmol/100 g) sodium diet for 6 weeks. Subsequent to the assessment of the basal blood pressure and heart rate in freely moving animals, the rats were pithed. In some of the pithed rats dose-response curves were constructed to exogenously administered noradrenaline (NA) and sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) through the pithing rod before and after the administration of an inhibitor of the neuronal uptake mechanism (desipramine, DMI, 0.5 mg/kg). In other pithed rats the SNS-induced (2 Hz) increase in plasma NA levels was assessed before and after the administration of clonidine (30 micrograms/kg), an agonist at the prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors. We found that following the dietary intervention period the basal blood pressure and heart rate were higher in the high sodium group and lower in the low sodium group compared to values obtained in the control group. The neurogenic pressor responses clearly differed between the various diet groups. These differences could not be explained by differences in postjunctional responsiveness to exogenous NA. Rather, they were probably due to differences in the amount of transmitter at the synapse since the low sodium group was associated with decreased levels of plasma NA during SNS. Pretreatment with DMI potentiated the pressor responses, but largely to the same degree in the various diet groups, suggesting that there were no major differences in the function of the neuronal uptake mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Interrelationship between amniotic fluid C-peptide and catecholamines in the last trimester of diabetic pregnancy.

Amniotic fluid concentration and content (amniotic fluid volume X concentration) of C-peptide and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) and their interrelationship was studied in nine women with gestational diabetes, in 14 women with type I diabetes, and in 20 healthy control women between the thirty-sixth and thirty-ninth week of gestation. Mean amniotic fluid volume was significantly larger (p less than 0.05) in the type I diabetic group than in the control group. Mean concentration and content of amniotic fluid C-peptide were elevated in women with gestational diabetes, significantly so in women with type I diabetes (p less than 0.05) as compared with nondiabetic control women. Mean amniotic fluid catecholamine concentrations were lower, although not statistically so, in both insulin-dependent and gestational diabetic women than in control women. Mean amniotic fluid catecholamine content was higher, although not statistically so, in women with gestational diabetes than in control women. In the type I diabetic group, epinephrine content was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) and norepinephrine content significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the control group. A significant positive correlation between the content of norepinephrine and C-peptide was found in control women (r = 0.57; p less than 0.05) and in women with gestational diabetes (r = 0.75; p less than 0.05). The close interrelationship could indicate a parallel maturation of these two hormonal systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Amniotic fluid C-peptide and cortisol in normal and diabetic pregnancies and pregnancies accompanied by fetal growth retardation.

The interrelationship between amniotic fluid (AF) concentration and content (AF X conc) of C-peptide and cortisol was studied in four groups of women comprising 10 gestational and 16 type-I diabetics, 11 women with intrauterine growth retarded fetuses (IUGR), and 17 healthy control women. Mean AF volume was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the type-I diabetic group than in the control group. Both concentration and content of AF C-peptide was significantly higher in the type-I diabetic group than in the control group (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). The corresponding values were significantly lower in mothers with IUGR fetuses compared to controls (P less than 0.05). AF cortisol content was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the gestational diabetic group compared to the control group; there were no other significant differences between the groups regarding the cortisol concentration or content. Both cortisol and C-peptide contents were significantly interrelated in both control women (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01) and women with gestational (r = 0.68, P less than 0.05) and type-I diabetes (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01). The C-peptide/cortisol ratio was lowest in the IUGR group and highest in the type-I diabetic group. The same ratio was intermediate and almost equal in the control and gestational diabetic group. Both C-peptide and cortisol concentrations were unrelated to AF volume as well as infant birthweight. C-peptide content was significantly correlated to birthweight percentile in type-I diabetic women (r = 0.61, P less than 0.05). No such correlation was found in the three other groups.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Amino acid concentrations in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid in relation to fetal insulin secretion during the last trimester of pregnancy in gestational and type I diabetic women and women with small-for-gestational-age infants.

Free amino acid concentrations were determined in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid (AF) under standardized and unstressed conditions in four groups of women comprising 6 gestational and 13 type I diabetics, 10 women with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, and 18 healthy control women between 36 and 39 weeks of gestation. Plasma values for branched chain amino acids (the sum of leucine, isoleucine and valine) did not differ significantly between the four groups. The corresponding values in AF were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the type I diabetic group and significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the gestational diabetic group as compared to the control group. The mean AF C-peptide concentration was elevated but not significantly so in gestational (0.69 nmol/l) or type I diabetic (0.54 nmol/l) pregnancies and significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in women with SGA infants (0.28 nmol/l) as compared to the control group (0.38 nmol/l). There was a significant correlation between C-peptide in AF and branched chain amino acids in maternal plasma (r = 0.63; P less than 0.05) as well as to maternal blood glucose (r = 0.79; P less than 0.01) in the type I diabetic group, which merely suggests a greater beta cell reactivity to insulin secretagogues in offspring of diabetic mothers. The correlation between AF C-peptide and branched chain amino acids in maternal plasma was significantly inverse in women with SGA infants (r = -0.75; P less than 0.05). Both individual, branched chain, or total amino acid concentration in AF were unrelated to AF C-peptide.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Central haemodynamics, baroreceptor sensitivity and alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated vascular reactivity during weight-stable sodium restriction in obese men with hypertension.

Ten obese men (20-40% overweight) with previously untreated arterial hypertension (WHO stages I and II) were examined before and during sodium-restricted isocaloric diets. The mean (+/- s.d.) daily sodium excretion was reduced from 199 +/- 65 to +/- 25 mmol/24 h. Intra-arterial blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), plasma volume, circulating and urinary noradrenaline (NA), plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary aldosterone were measured. Vascular reactivity was assessed with intravenous bolus injections of 50, 100 and 200 micrograms phenylephrine, and baroreflex sensitivity was assessed with the R-R interval response to pressure elevations on electrocardiogram. Significant reductions in systolic BP from 163 +/- 18 to 147 +/- 17 mmHg and in diastolic BP from 97 +/- 7 to 88 +/- 9 mmHg occurred during salt restriction. Blood pressure reductions were correlated with changes of urinary sodium excretion (r = 0.71; P less than 0.05). No significant changes in CO, heart rate (HR) or stroke volume (SV) were observed; therefore, BP reduction was secondary to the fall in total peripheral resistance (TPR) from 21.8 +/- 4.1 to 19.0 +/- 4.1 units (P = 0.05). Plasma volume, as well as total blood volume, was not affected by the moderate sodium restriction, but PRA rose from 0.71 +/- 0.1 to 0.87 +/- 0.1 micrograms angiotensin 1/ml per h (P less than 0.05). Urinary aldosterone was increased from 32 +/- 12 to 54 +/- 9 nmol/24 h. No change in venous or arterial concentrations of NA or of urinary NA was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptides during acute volume expansion in hypertensive man.

A new hormonal system originating from cardiac atria has recently been discovered. These peptide hormones have important functions in the regulation of blood volume and fluid homeostasis. We have measured plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) in two patients during acute volume expansion. ANP concentrations increased in relation to an increase in right atrial pressure, and significant diuresis/natriuresis was observed. We conclude that hormonal as well as neuronal mechanisms are activated by acute volume loading in man.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of size of infants at birth by measurement of symphysis fundus height.

Symphysis fundus heights (SF) were measured approximately 15 times during pregnancy in a consecutive series of 2941 women with regular menstrual cycles and known last menstrual period. A reference SF chart from 17 to 40 weeks of pregnancy was derived from measurements in 1350 of these women who were healthy, and heights and pre-pregnancy weights within the 10th and 90th centiles and were delivered vaginally of healthy infants with a birthweight/length ratio within +/- 2 SD. The reference chart was used to predict fetal growth deviations in the unselected series of pregnancies. The effectiveness of SF measures to detect fetuses with an infant birthweight/length ratio below -2 SD or a birthweight below the 10th centile was low; the sensitivity was only 16.7 and 26.6% and the predictive value of positive screening result was 1.8 and 18.0%, respectively. Corresponding values for fetuses with an infant birthweight/length ratio above + 2 SD or a birthweight above the 90th centile were 31.8 and 37.5% and 3.3 and 24.5%, respectively. Symphysis fundus (SF) measurement has thus been found to be of limited value as a screening method to detect abnormal size at birth.

Birth Weight↗