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Biomedical subjects

B Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to B Patterson.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Hominid humeral fragment from early Pleistocene of northwestern Kenya.

The distal end of a hominoid humerus was recovered from early Pleistocene sediments in the Kanapoi drainage near the southern end of Lake Rudolf. Lava capping the sediments yielded a potassium/argon date of 2.5 million years. The fragment can be distinguished on inspection from gorilla and orangutan; discriminate analysis of humeri of Homo and Pan assigns it as hominid. From other evidence we consider it more likely to represent Australopithecus s.s. than Paranthropus.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Villitis of known origin: varicella and toxoplasma.

Chronic villitis is a common condition in human placentae. In some cases an infectious cause can be demonstrated, such as infection with cytomegalovirus and rubella virus. Most often it is of unknown aetiology, the so-called VUE (villitis of unknown aetiology). We describe two cases with identification of specific infectious agents, each demonstrating previously unreported findings, i.e. persistent varicella antigen in the villi in case 1, and presence of toxoplasma cysts in Wharton's jelly in case 2. The identification of the pathogens, varicella virus and toxoplasma, would easily have been overlooked in routine study of the placenta and were possible because of clinical suspicion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

N,N dimethylglycine and epilepsy.

Nineteen institutionalized patients with frequent seizures (group average two to three per day; seizure types--generalized, akinetic/myoclonic), were treated randomly with either placebo or N,N dimethylglycine (DMG) for 28 days. Dosage was 300 mg/day for the first 14 days and then 600 mg/day. Plasma levels were measured at baseline, days 2, 5, 8, 15, 22, 30, and 1 and 2 weeks after the study ended. No differences in seizure frequency were noted between placebo and DMG or between baseline and test conditions. No toxicity was noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A novel stimulus, oncogene, induces expression of CD80 (B7-1) gene.

CD80, a cell surface molecule found on antigen-presenting cells which particpates in costimulatory signaling, is frequently detected on transformed and tumor cells. We examined the effect of transformation by v-myc, k-ras, and SV40 T antigen oncogenes on the expression of a CD80 promoter/luciferase gene as well as the endogenous CD80 promoter gene in murine fibroblast cell lines. All three transformed cell lines were tumorigenic in nude mice, however expression of the CD80/luciferase transgene or endogenous CD80 was detected only in the v-myc and k-ras transformed cell lines. In both cell lines, CD80 expression was first detected more than 30 passages after transformation. Therefore, induction of CD80 expression was a late event following transformation and was not essential for the establishment of the transformed phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular biomarker-based screening for early detection of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a molecular biomarker-based screening method for early detection of cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Fluorescent immunochemical labeling was used to classify cervical cytology specimens as probably normal or probably abnormal. These specimens were then Papanicolaou stained and evaluated twice by a cytotechnologist and by a pathologist when appropriate. The first evaluation was performed as conventional Pap screening to assign a reference per-specimen diagnosis. The second evaluation assigned a cytologic diagnosis to each cell in the specimen. The fluorescence results were correlated with those from each of the two morphologic evaluations to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the method on a per-specimen and a per-cell basis. Where available, in cases of positive morphologic analysis, biopsy was compared to fluorescence results. RESULTS: The per-specimen sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 81.8%, respectively, when using atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and "above" as the decision threshold. For the same specimens evaluated on a cell-by-cell basis, the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 71.4% and 66.3% when the same threshold was used. The per-specimen sensitivity for high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was 100% under these conditions. CONCLUSION: This method appears to be a robust and reliable means of detecting cervical dysplasia and is now being evaluated in additional clinical studies.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk taking among diabetic clients.

Diabetic clients must make daily decisions about their health care needs. Observational and anecdotal evidence suggests that vast differences exist between the kinds of choices diabetic clients make and the kinds of chances they are willing to take. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a diabetic risk-assessment tool. This instrument, which is based on subjective expected utility theory, measures risk-prone and risk-averse behavior. Initial findings from a pilot study of 18 women clients who are on insulin indicate that patterns of risk behavior exist in the areas of exercise, skin care, and diet.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eat for health: a nutrition and cancer control supermarket intervention.

The growing evidence linking dietary patterns to the incidence and prevention of chronic disease has prompted a number of prominent health and scientific agencies to publish dietary guidelines for the public. Some dietary guidelines address specific diseases, such as cancer or heart disease; others focus on overall health promotion. This situation has created a demand for nutrition education and information programs for the public. Increasingly, supermarkets are seen as potential sites for effective consumer education. Eat for Health is a joint research study by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Giant Food Inc., a regional supermarket chain in the Washington-Baltimore area. The study's goal was to test the feasibility of supermarkets as a site for consumer nutrition education. Eat for Health's educational focus was diet and cancer control issues in the context of dietary patterns that promote health. Particular attention was paid to reduction of fat intake and increases in consumption of dietary fiber from grains, vegetables, and fruits. Analysis of program results is currently underway; data should be available in early 1990.

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