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Biomedical subjects

B Newman

Publications and source records attributed to B Newman.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Interventional ultrasound in detection and treatment of renal inflammatory disease.

Fifty-one patients with acute inflammatory renal disease were examined with ultrasound. The spectrum of findings seen in acute pyelonephritis is described, with emphasis on the evolution of the disease from acute focal inflammation to perinephric extension. There were 26 cases of acute bacterial nephritis, 15 cases of abscess formation, and 10 cases of pyohydronephrosis. Pathologic correlation was obtained. The impact of percutaneous needle puncture on the diagnosis and treatment of all stages of renal disease is discussed. Prompt diagnosis can be made, and specific antibiotic therapy can be instituted on the basis of information obtained by ultrasound examination and percutaneous aspiration. If necessary, treatment may be aided by ultrasonically guided placement of drainage catheters. Serial examination will show resolution of the disease, and it avoids exposure of the patient to ionizing radiation and intravenous contrast agents.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Transferrin receptors and gallium-67 uptake in vitro.

The relationship was studied between the number of transferrin-receptor positive cells and in vitro uptake of 67Ga and 125I-labeled transferrin in human cell lines, including two normal cell lines (WI-38 and foreskin fibroblasts), two transformed cell lines (AV-3 amnionic cells and Chang liver cells), and two neoplastic cell lines (HEp-2, larynx cancer and HeLa, cervical cancer). Transferrin receptors were determined by an indirect immunofluorescence technique based on their ability to bind purified human transferrin. Gallium-67 uptake was determined after a 24-h incubation of cells with Ga-67 in the presence and absence of transferrin (0-2.5 mg/ml). 125I-labeled transferrin uptake was also obtained after a 24-h incubation. The fraction of cells with transferrin receptors was low in normal cell lines (3% and 9%), intermediate with transformed cell lines (33% and 61%). Transferrin stimulated 67Ga uptake by all six cell lines. However, there was poor correlation between the number of transferrin-receptor positive cells and 67Ga uptake either in the presence (r = 0.21) or absence (r = 0.46) of human transferrin. Likewise, there was poor correlation between the number of transferrin-receptor positive cells and 125I-labeled transferrin uptake (r = 0.35). In contrast, the correlation between 67Ga uptake (in the presence of transferrin) and 125I-labeled transferrin uptake was highly significant (r = 0.96). These results suggest that human cell lines in culture are capable of both transferrin-dependent and transferrin-independent uptake of 67Ga.

Amnion↗
PubMed1982

Cardiac output changes during Caesarean section. Measurement by transcutaneous aortovelography.

A non-invasive technique of measuring cardiac output changes is described and studies of its accuracy and reproducibility are reviewed. Cardiac output changes in 11 patients undergoing Caesarean section under general anaesthesia were measured with this technique. Increases in cardiac output after induction and commencement of surgery (mean 19%, p less than 0.05), and after delivery (mean 19%, p less than 0.05) were found.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1982

Experimental investigations of the relations between mood and intrusive unwanted cognitions.

Two experiments were carried out in order to test the hypothesis that unwanted intrusive thoughts are difficult to remove during dysphoria. In the first experiment, 32 people who experienced unwanted thoughts were induced to feel happy or sad, and then asked to remove selected intrusive or neutral thoughts. The hypothesis was supported, but as the mood-induction procedure was felt to be unsatisfactory, a second study was undertaken. The substitution of a musical mood-induction procedure for the Velten card procedure produced superior results, and the hypothesis that intrusive unwanted thoughts are difficult to remove during dysphoria was supported once more.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The utility of regional cancer mortality data for identifying occupations at high risk.

Mortality rates by geographic areas have been used successfully in the past to identify occupations with a high risk of cancer. The 1975 Atlas of Cancer Mortality for U.S. Counties: 1950-1969 for white males showed that mortality rates in three California counties (Alameda, Sacramento, and San Francisco) were significantly elevated compared to other US counties, and in Sacramento County the lung cancer death rate was significantly high also. This current study was to determine if the excess in the cancer mortality rate found in Sacramento County was possibly related to specific occupational categories. Death certificates for all white males dying of cancer were retrieved, Last occupation, industry, and length of service were coded according to the Index of Industries and Occupations prepared by the US Bureau of the Census. Observed frequencies of cancer deaths were compared to an expected number which was based on US census data by occupation for Sacramento County. Elevated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for cancer deaths were found for technicians, metal craftsmen, nonfarm laborers, construction workers, and drivers. SMRs were high for cancer of the esophagus, pancreas, respiratory tract, skin, and central nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cholinergic mediation of motor effects of ethanol in rats.

The role of cholinergic neurons in the motor depressant effects of ethanol was examined. Choline chloride pretreatment (30-90 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the hypomotility produced by 2 g/kg of ethanol. Physostigmine pretreatment (0.2 mg/kg i.p.) also enhanced the motor depression produced by ethanol. Conversely, in animals pretreated with scopolamine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) the depressant effect of ethanol was less. The potentiation produced by choline was not associated with changes in levels of ethanol in blood. It is concluded that cholinergic neurons are involved in the motor activity changes produced by ethanol. Such a mechanism may operate in conjunction with the dopaminergic neuronal system.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The problem of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.

In the year May 1976 to April 1977, 489 enquiries about the management of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning received at the London Centre of the National Poisons Information Service were followed-up. One hundred and sixty-four patients (33.5%) were unconscious, convulsions occurred in 62 (12.7%), hypotension in 31 (6.3%), respiratory depression in 28 (5.7%), tachydysrhythmias in 17 (3.5%) and cardiac arrest in 12 patients (2.5%). Sixteen patients died (3.3%). No statistically significant differences were found between individual antidepressants although poisoning with amitriptyline-like drugs resulted in a significantly higher proportion of unconscious patients than poisoning with imipramine-like drugs (P less than 0.01). There were more asymptomatic children than adults and more unconscious adults than children. Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning is a major clinical problem in general medical and paediatric practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Rabbit cardiomyopathy associated with a virus antigenically related to human coronavirus strain 229E.

A new disease of rabbits is described. Following an acute febrile course, animals die or recover by the 11th day postinoculation. The characteristic pathologic finding is multifocal myocardial degeneration and necrosis. The disease can be transmitted by various routes with tissue filtrates or with infectious sera diluted to 10(-6) and passed through 0.1 micron filters. Virus particles with morphologic features characteristic of a coronavirus are present in infectious but not in normal rabbit serums. The antigen(s) in the infectious serums cross-reacts with the 229E and the OC43 strains of human coronavirus. Antigen cross-reacting with the 229E virus is detectable by immunofluorescent staining in frozen sections of heart tissue from sick but not from healthy animals. Animals surviving infection seroconvert to coronavirus specificity, as demonstrated by the presence in convalescent serums of antibody capable of reacting with the 339E virus. Susceptibility to infection has not been demonstrated in mice, hamsters, or guinea pigs, and the virus was not adapted for growth in tissue culture. It is uncertain whether the agent is a natural pathogen of rabbits or a coronavirus contaminant from another species, possibly human. The name rabbit infectious cardiomyopathy is suggested for this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

ASBAH-independence.

This paper describes the work done by ASBAH in the field of social independence training since November 1977. The aims of the training scheme are to encourage young people toward accepting responsibility for the course of their own lives, and to prepare them to take fuller advantage of the opportunities for further education and training and a wider range of leisure activities. Problems so far encountered - physical, vocational and emotional, are examined and proposals made for further development in this area of work.

Activities of Daily Living↗