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Biomedical subjects

B Morgan

Publications and source records attributed to B Morgan.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

A simple technique for the measurement of ouabain-sensitive sodium transport in red cells.

A new, simple and non-radioactive technique is described for the measurement of ouabain-sensitive sodium transport in red cells, which is an alternative to the more complex standard technique using radioactive sodium. The new technique is based on the observation that when excess ouabain is added to blood, the sodium content of the red cells rises, due to complete inhibition of ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux while influx remains unchanged. The rate of increase of red cell sodium is therefore a measure of ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux (Eos). This estimate of Eos, when expressed as a fraction of the original red cell sodium concentration, gives a measure of the ouabain-sensitive, efflux rate constant (ERCos). In healthy persons, ERCos obtained with this new technique agrees closely with that obtained with the standard radioactive technique. In hypokalaemic patients the ERCos estimated by the new technique was less than that obtained with the standard technique, but this difference disappeared as the patients became normokalaemic. We suggest that this difference arises because the new technique measures only net ouabain-sensitive sodium transport whereas the standard technique also measures the ouabain-sensitive Na : Na exchange which is present in patients with hypokalaemia.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1978

Endometriosis of the sigmoid colon and rectum.

Endometriosis is a common disease of women which occasionally causes serious symptoms in virtue of involvement of the distal large intestine. Two cases are reported, illustrating opposite ends of the spectrum of this disorder, one presenting with a complete large-bowel obstruction, and the other with periodical per-rectal bleeding. Endometriosis in these locations can closely mimic carcinoma, and from a consideration of our cases and the literature, those features which might help to distinguish one from the other are discussed. The treatment of endometriosis itself is briefly outlined. Either to avoid unnecessarily radical surgery, or to plan appropriate specific treatment at the time of surgery for the colorectal lesion, a preoperative diagnosis is desirable, but it is unlikely unless the clinician is aware of this unusual form of endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The participation of ethyl 4-benzyloxybenzoate (BRL 10894) and other aryl-substituted acids in glycerolipid metabolism.

Investigation into the mechanism of action of BRL 10894 (ethyl 4-benzyloxybenzoate), a compound possessing hypolipidemic activity in the rat, disclosed participation in glycerolipid metabolism. In the presence of BRL 10894, an abnormal metabolite was synthesized in vitro using liver slices or rings of small intestine with glycerol, palmitate, or monoolein as substrate, and using adipose tissue with pyruvate as substrate. Esters related chemically to BRL 10894 and other pharmacologically active acids (e.g., ibuprofen) also produced abnormal metabolites in vitro. With BRL 10894 in the diet, a similar metabolite was produced in vivo in rats and accumulated in adipose tissue. Chemical characterization of the material synthesized in vivo showed that the metabolite was a triglyceride in which one fatty acid moiety was substituted by the acid of BRL 10894. Additional proof of this structure was obtained by comparison with reference material synthesized in our laboratories. The study of the initimate involvement of exogenous acids in glycerolipid turnover is of value in the characterization of pharmacologically important acids and may be of use in achieving a greater understanding of certain aspects of lipid metabolism.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

Hypolipidemic analogues of ethyl 4-benzyloxybenzoate.

A series of compounds related to ethyl 4-benzyloxybenzoate was synthesized and evaluated for potential hypolipidemic activity in rats. Structure--activity relationships are discussed in terms of cholesterol-lowering activity together with effects on weight gain and liver lipids. A number of the compounds inhibited cholesterol and free fatty acid biosynthesis from [1-14C]acetate in rat liver slices in vitro. Ethyl 4-benzyloxybenzoate, ethyl-4-benzyloxybenzoic acid, ethyl 4-p-bromobenzyloxybenzoates, and 4-o-methoxybenzyloxyphenyl acetate exhibited the most favorable spectrum of activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the response of cholesterol biogenesis in feeding in rats: evidence against the existence of diurnal rhythms.

1. The biosynthesis of cholesterol was studied, by using various precursors, in rats subjected to several dietary regimes. 2. The use of 3H2O as a substrate to demonstrate differences in cholesterogenesis under various conditions was validated by using rats fed on cholesterol or cholestyramine. Cholesterol feeding resulted in decreased cholesterogenesis, whereas cholestyramine caused an increase. 3. With acetate as precursor, the biosynthesis of both digitonin-precipitable sterol and fatty acids was increased in vitro in response to a meal. 4. In rats fed ad libitum, hepatic cholesterogenesis was increased at midnight relative to mid-morning as measured by using acetate precursor in vitro. However, no such difference was found by using 3H2O in vivo. 5. The lipogenic response was measured in meal-fed rats by using 3H2O or octanoate in vivo. In contrast with findings with acetate in vitro, no postprandial stimulation of cholesterogenesis was seen with either 3H2O or octanoate as precursor, whereas fatty acid biosynthesis from either substrate was increased. 6. These findings are discussed with respect to current theories about the circadian rhythm of cholesterogenesis. Such theories are based on experiments using isolated enzyme measurements or non-physiological precursors such as acetate. 7. It is considered that results obtained with 3H2O give an accurate representation of cholesterogenesis under various conditions, and it is therefore suggested that hepatic cholesterogenesis in rats is not subjected to the same degree of diurnal rhythm as has previously been believed.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

Ocular manifestations of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

We report a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with severe peripheral chorioretinal pigment changes in addition to the more typical pigment clumping in the macula. The differential diagnosis of peripheral inactive chorioretinitis, the typical ocular findings, and clinical course of SSPE are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Changing indications for keratoplasty.

We conducted a clinical and pathologic review of 1,057 recipient corneal buttons on file at the Wilmer Institute, to assess the incidence of corneal conditions treated with keratoplasty, and how these have changed (1941-1973). Regrafting was the most frequent indication for keratoplasty in the last ten years in this series. Some corneal diseases, such as inflammatory conditions, decreased in relative importance as an indication for keratoplasty, while others such as aphakic bullous keratopathy (including vitreous touch) and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy increased.

Corneal Diseases↗
PubMed1975

Effects of two types of dietary fibre on faecal steroid and lipid excretion.

Fibre supplements from wheat bran and sugar cane residue (bagasse) were added to the normal diet of volunteers for 12-week periods in a controlled metabolic study. Stool weights and stool fat excretion increased on both dietary fibres. Bagasse increased the daily loss of acid steroids, but bran failed to affect bile acid excretion. Decreased transit time without alteration in faecal flora occurred with bagasse. The raised excretion of bile acids and fatty acids failed to lower the plasma cholesterol and triglycerides after 12 weeks. Thus different fibre sources with variable components have dissimilar metabolic effects.

Bile Acids and Salts↗