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Biomedical subjects

B Morgan

Publications and source records attributed to B Morgan.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The relations between vitamin D2 and D3 in the diet and plasma 25OHD2 and 25OHD3 in elderly women in Great Britain.

Vitamin D2 and D3 intake and plasma 25OHD2 and 25OHD3 were measured in 70 elderly women; 13 living at home and 57 long-stay patients with no access to sunlight. Vitamin D2 intake and plasma 25OHD2 were correlated in the whole group (p less than .005) and vitamin D3 intake and plasma 25OHD3 and total D intake and total 25OHD were significantly correlated (p less than .005) in the patients. In the whole group the plasma 25OHD2 increased by 4.5 nmol/l for every 1 microgram increase in vitamin D2 intake. This was also the increase observed in a longitudinal study of vitamin D2 supplements in 11 patients. Vitamin D intake is a significant determinant of plasma 25OHD and the relation between them suggests that stores of vitamin D can be maintained at 20 nmol/l in the elderly by a daily intake of 4 micrograms of vitamin D, even in the absence of sunlight.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1984

Microvascular aspects of acquired immune deficiency syndrome retinopathy.

Twelve of 13 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome exhibited ophthalmoscopically detectable retinal findings, including cotton-wool spots, hemorrhages, Roth spots, and microvascular changes. When we used fluorescein angiography, we detected focal nonperfusion and microvascular changes in all 13 of our patients. Most patients had no visual complaints unless they had cytomegalovirus involvement of the optic papilla or the central retina. One patient lost central visual acuity from loss of perfusion in a portion of his perifoveal capillary net. Histopathologic studies demonstrated the loss of retinal capillary cells and focal occlusions of small vessels. Retinal vessel walls were also thickened with PAS-positive material.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Serial studies of pulmonary function in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A prospective study.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) produces a nearly continuous state of iatrogenic ascites which may interfere with respiratory excursions of the diaphragm and compromise ventilatory function. Sitting and supine studies of pulmonary function and arterial blood gas analyses done serially in 13 patients undergoing CAPD showed a significant decline in pulmonary volumes immediately after the institution of CAPD; however, the decline was not accompanied by abnormalities in gas transfer. Pulmonary volumes returned to baseline values within two weeks in all patients, including those with preexisting mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is concluded that CAPD does not compromise pulmonary function in patients with normal pulmonary function or in those with mild COPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Massive hydrothorax complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

2 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) developed massive hydrothorax. Further studies revealed preferential transfer of fluid from peritoneal cavity to pleural space in absence of a direct pleuroperitoneal communication. Hydrothorax resolved in both following a brief interruption in CAPD but recurred in one upon restitution of CAPD. In case of recurrent hydrothorax, pleurodesis or alternate dialytic therapy should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effectiveness of pain relief in labour: survey of 1000 mothers.

The amount of pain that had been experienced by 1000 women during vaginal delivery of a live child was determined by interview within 48 hours of delivery. Patients had been offered a choice of analgesia, and 536 had received epidural analgesia: pain relief was greatest in this group, just over half having had a painless labour. The duration of pain was also reduced by a third in this group even though patients who had received an epidural block had tended to have longer labour and an incidence of assisted delivery of 51% compared with 6% in the remainder. Seventy-two per cent of the patients receiving an epidural had had as much pain as they had expected. A similar proportion (70%) was reported with simpler analgesic methods, suggesting that women may expect a certain amount of pain in labour and request further analgesic treatment when this is exceeded.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of fatty and fibrous plaques in young human coronary arteries.

We have correlated atheromatous plaque distribution with vessel geometry in coronary arteries from subjects dying of non-cardiovascular causes under 40 years of age. After standardised preparation, the area, and circumferential and longitudinal position of each plaque, were measured in the major coronary arteries. Of 41 sets of vessels, two were free of disease. In the remainder, total plaque area varied from 8 to 586 mm2. Half the cases showed fatty plaques only, and half showed both fatty and fibrous plaques. We analysed the distribution of plaques in those vessels affected only by very early fatty disease. In all vessels, plaques were concentrated proximally, but in the left anterior descending and circumflex branches the wall close to the flow-divider was spared. Circumferential distribution was also not random. In the right coronary artery, lesions were concentrated on the inner wall of the major curvature. In the left anterior descending branch, lesions spiralled anticlockwise from the orifice. We suggest that local mechanical factors may determine these patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Histamine dose-response relationships in normal and asthmatic subjects. The importance of starting airway caliber.

We examined the effects of pharmacologic antagonists on the bronchial response to inhaled histamine in 11 normal and 11 asthmatic subjects. We constructed cumulative log dose-response curves and determined the steepest slope and the provocative dose of histamine (PD35) needed to cause a 35% fall in specific airway conductance (SGaw). The slope was positively related to starting SGaw in both groups. Starting SGaw and slope were approximately 2-fold lower in asthmatics. After inhaling salbutamol (200 micrograms) and atropine (4 mg), there was an increase in starting SGaw and slope of the histamine response by approximately 1.5-fold in normal subjects and 2-fold in asthmatics, the relationship between starting SGaw and slope being preserved. Chlorpheniramine (4 mg) had little effect on starting SGaw and slope.l Atropine, salibutamol, and chlorpheniramine increased PD35 by approximately 4-fold in normal subjects and 6-fold in asthmatics. Afte bronchodilatation with atropine or salbutamol, mean starting SGaw, slope, and PD35 of the responses in asthmatics were similar to those of unpremedicated normal subjects. Thus, the slope of the histamine dose-response curve is largely determined by the starting airway caliber, increases in PD35 by drugs reflect in part the effects of bronchodilatation and in part their specific pharmacologic antagonist activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Visual response characteristics of neurons in nucleus of basal optic root of pigeons.

This study investigated the response characteristics of single cells in the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) of the accessory optic system of pigeons. One hundred and twenty-one nBOR cells were studied and quantitative data from 87 units indicated that they preferred very large random patterned stimuli, and did not respond to stimuli less than 30 degrees in diameter. In many cases the receptive field encompassed the entire monocular visual field. nBOR cells were directionally sensitive with approximately 70% preferring motion with an upward vector. They responded to very slow velocities in the range of 0.5 degrees to 5.0 degrees s-1, and did not adapt to continuous stimulation. Maximal responses occurred to very large randomly patterned stimuli moving slowly in an upward direction. These response characteristics together with the anatomical connections of the nBOR suggest that this nucleus may be involved in processing self-induced visual motion information required for vertical optokinetic stabilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A possible control of food intake during pregnancy in the rat.

1. Brain hypothalamic concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine have been implicated in the control of food intake. During pregnancy and lactation a rat dam's food consumption is increased and so a study was performed to ascertain whether this was associated with changes in the hypothalamic content of serotonin and norepinephrine. 2. In the first experiment, forty-eight Sprague Dawley rat dams were given a diet containing 250 g casein/kg adlib. After 2 weeks, eight were killed and their hypothalmic analysed for the previously-mentioned neurotransmitters. The rest were mated and continued on the diet. On each of days 7, 14 and 20 of gestation, day 14 of lactation and 2 weeks after weaning of their pups a further eight dams were killed and their hypothalami assayed as described previously. Food intake was monitored throughout the experimental period. 3. The increase food intake of the dams during gestation and lactation increased to the same extent as elevation in hypothalamic norepinephrine content and depression in serotonin content. After lactation food intake returned to pre-pregnancy levels as did the hypothalamic levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. 4. By using the same experimental design but limiting the increase in food intake in pregnancy and lactation to half the expected amount the same changes were found in hypothalamic norepinephrine and serotonin contents. 5. The possibility of hypothalamic neurotransmitter contents controlling food intake is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Raised plasma urea levels after myocardial infarction.

Plasma and urine urea and creatinine levels were measured in 50 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit. Forty of the patients had had myocardial infarction; their average plasma urea level increased substantially by the third day after admission, when 50% of the patients had an "abnormally" high plasma urea level. There was no change in plasma urea levels in ten patients who had not had a myocardial infarction. Results indicate that a rise in plasma urea level is common if not universal after myocardial infarction and is caused by either a fall in the glomerular filtration rate or an increased urea production rather than a mixture of the two.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The teflon sling operation for repair of complete rectal prolapse.

Sixty-four cases of complete rectal prolapse have been treated by the Teflon sling operation since 1969. One case has recurred. No sepsis has occurred. Approximately 80% of patients followed are totally continent. This relatively simple operation seems to be the procedure of choice in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Regional extravascular and interstitial lung water in normal dogs.

We measured the regional distribution of pulmonary extravascular and interstitial water to examine the possibility that regional differences in microvascular pressure or tissue stress may cause regional differences in lung water. We placed chloralose-anesthetized dogs in an upright (n = 6) or supine (n = 7) position for 180 min. We injected 51Cr-labeled EDTA to equilibrate to the extracellular space and 125I-labeled albumin to equilibrate with plasma. At the end of the experiment, the lungs were removed, passively drained of blood, and inflated before rapid freezing. Lungs were divided into horizontal slices, and extravascular, interstitial, and plasma water, red cell volume, and dry lung weight were determined for each slice. We found that regional extravascular and interstitial water were constant throughout the lungs in both groups and that there were no significant differences between upright and supine dogs. There were no significant differences in hematocrit between slices. We conclude that gravity and body position have no measurable effect on either the total size of the extravascular and interstitial compartments or their regional distribution.

Animals↗