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Biomedical subjects

B Mihout

Publications and source records attributed to B Mihout.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Saccadic latencies and unilateral spatial neglect caused by parietal lesions].

Latencies of lateral visually guided saccades were studied in 12 right handed patients who had unilateral ischaemic lesions involving the parietal lobe. The patients were divided into two groups according to the right or left side of the lesions. The severity of unilateral spatial neglect was assessed. In right parietal lesions, the asymmetry of latencies was related to the presence of unilateral spatial neglect and correlated with ist severity. According to the stimulus condition used, we suggest that the asymmetry of latency is explained in terms of an inability to disengage.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical and evolutive aspects of cerebellar infarction].

This study included 125 cases of cerebellar infarction followed during an average period of 4.3 years. The diagnosis was made by CT or MRI. Infarctions localized to the territory of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) and the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) occurred with the same frequency. Transient ischemic attacks preceded infarction in 26% of cases. Symptoms and signs were usual with sudden association of headache, dizziness, unsteadiness and vomiting. Vestibular signs were more important in infarctions of the PICA territory; cerebellar signs and dysarthria were more frequent in infarction of the SCA territory. A decreased level of consciousness developed in only 21% of cases. Surgical operation was required in 9 cases. Investigations have showed the large responsibility of cardiac embolisms and atherosclerosis. Short term outcome was more often favourable: 116 patients were alive at the end of the first month; 80% of survivors were independent one year later. At 5 years, 73% of patients were alive. After the acute period, mortality was mainly due to cerebro-vascular and cardiac events.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

[Causes of first convulsive seizures in adults. According to age and sex].

In the absence of epidemiological studies, we thought it might be of interest to investigate the relative frequency of first seizures in adults according to age and sex and in comparison with a control population. Our study of 317 patients admitted to hospital a few hours at most after the seizures demonstrated that alcoholism in young adults and vascular pathology in the elderly play an important role in triggering the first seizures, which accounts for the male predominance in epilepsy of the adult. It also showed that the occurrence of first seizures increases with age, especially after 60 years. We found that premonitory symptoms were present in almost one-third of the patients, even when the seizures seemed to be generalized from the start, and that there was a risk of one or several attacks during the hours that followed the first seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neurological manifestations of Lyme disease and treatments.

Lyme disease is a multi-systemic infection due to B. burgdorferi, with neurological manifestations observed in its second and third stages. Except for the suggestive triad meningitis--radiculoneuritis--facial palsies, the diagnosis is often difficult because of the pleiomorphism of neurological manifestations. These can be localized or diffuse, with central involvement, meningitis or peripheral manifestations. Past history, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, immuno-assays for specific antibodies in serum and especially CSF are helpful in diagnosis. Betalactam antibiotics (penicillin G, amoxicillin, and third generation cephalosporins) are the most effective treatment with good results in the early and acute stages of neurological disease.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Optochiasmatic tuberculoma and MRI. 2 cases].

Two cases are reported of optochiasmatic tuberculoma, an exceptional complication difficult to diagnose in the absence of any tuberculous context. Although diagnosis of the optochiasmatic occupying process is simple by scan or NMR imaging, it is generally difficult to identify the chiasma in a process of this type. It is therefore impossible to recognize the two forms of these tuberculomas: intra- and peri-chiasmatic histologic types, and yet these have an incidence on therapy and prognosis. Surgical exploration is justified when the diagnosis remains in doubt or when the functional prognosis is implicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Radiopaque markers transit and anorectal manometry in 16 patients with multiple sclerosis and urinary bladder dysfunction.

Fecal incontinence and/or constipation are frequent complaints in multiple sclerosis associated with urinary bladder dysfunction, incontinence, and/or retention. Total and segmental colonic transit were studied by determination of radiopaque markers, and anorectal function by anorectal manometry, in 16 multiple sclerosis patients clinically defined (with urinary bladder dysfunction shown by urodynamic examination). Fifteen multiple sclerosis patients had constipation and 14 had increased colonic transit time; ten multiple sclerosis patients had fecal incontinence and five had spontaneous rectal contractions. It is suggested that increased colonic transit and anorectal dysfunction were secondary to neurologic disorders just as urinary bladder dysfunction is due to neurologic disorders in multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Marchiafava-Bignami disease with favorable development].

A 35 year-old right-handed woman with a history of alcoholism presented signs of interhemispheric disconnection. CT of the brain revealed a low-density areas in the corpus callosum. Two months later, clinical examination was normal, but the CT showed cystic area in the genu and splenium. MRI was also consistent with a lesion of the corpus callosum. CT and MRI did not show lesions in the hemispheric white matter.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of brain-stem lesion on colonic and anorectal motility. Study of three patients.

The supraspinal control of colonic motility and anorectal motility is poorly documented. We had the opportunity to study colonic function, esophageal function, and urinary bladder function in three patients who presented with vascular lesions limited to the anterior (case 1) or the posterior area (cases 2 and 3) of the pons. Esophageal manometry, urodynamic examination, whole and segmental transit time measurements (using radiopaque markers) and anorectal motility were systematically performed. The results were the following: (1) in the first case esophageal motility was not altered, whereas abnormal micturition, right colonic inertia, and absence of rectoanal inhibitor reflex were observed; (2) in cases 2 and 3, there was a poor esophageal coordination, the micturition and rectoanal inhibitor reflex were normal, and the transit time of the left colon was increased. Our observations are consistent with the previously described localization of neurological areas controlling swallowing and micturition; they also favor the pons as the possible level of supraspinal control of colonic and anorectal motility.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Cerebral embolism without apparent cause: angiographic study of minor predisposing cardiac anomalies. Prospective study of 64 patients].

The heart is the source of about 50 p. 100 of cerebral emboli. In the absence of clinically obvious cardiac disease, the heart is nevertheless suspected to be the origin, especially in young patients without atherosclerosis. Cardiac catheterisation and angiography were performed systematically to detect minor predisposing cardiac abnormalities which did not appear on standard clinical examination, and which could increase the risk of recurrent embolism. 64 patients aged 21 to 69 years were studied prospectively a few weeks after a cerebral vascular accident attributed to embolism on the results of complementary neurological investigation, or, more rarely, after systemic embolism to one of the limb arteries. Clinical examination, chest X-ray and the electrocardiogram were normal in all cases. The investigation consisted in right and left cardiac catheterisation, global angiography after right atrial injection, selective left ventricular angiography and coronary angiography in all patients over 40 years of age. Unsuspected cardiac abnormalities were detected in 39 of the 64 patients (60 p. 100); the main abnormalities were mild or moderate mitral valve prolapse (30 p. 100 of cases) and slight decreases in left ventricular contractility possibly related to a minor form of cardiomyopathy (23 p. 100 of cases). Ambulatory 24 hour monitoring showed supraventricular arrhythmias in 30 p. 100 of cases. The results of echocardiography were disappointing in the diagnosis of these minor abnormalities. In conclusion, cardiac abnormalities were detected in the majority of cases of cerebral embolism by cardiac catheterisation. These results support the indications for long-term anticoagulant and/or anti-arrhythmic treatment in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysm].

A case of large arteriovenous aneurysm in the right upper lobe of a 27-year old man is reported. The pulmonary angioma was responsible for a 30% shunt with hypoxia and polycythaemia but was only discovered while looking for the origin of a cerebral abscess. A few weeks after surgical treatment of the cerebral abscess, the right upper lobe was excised with immediate correction of the hypoxia. This case shows that pulmonary angiomas can sometimes be revealed by neurological complications, and that visceral angiomas should not remain undiagnosed. They should be considered as part of a Rendu-Osler disease, the familial character of which may contribute to an early diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Congenital oculomotor apraxia. 2 cases with an electro-oculography study].

Congenital oculomotor apraxia is characterized by the inability of the young child to produce horizontal saccades when his head is fixed; two cases are reported. In a free condition this trouble is compensated by thrust head movements allowing the child to lead his gaze to the stimulus or to reach it by successive hypometric jerks released by movement. A blink usually precedes the eye movement probably allowing the child to escape from an excessive fixation. This apraxia is combined with a motor and psychological development delay. The evolution of all the troubles is usually good with minimal sequelaes (difficulty for reading). Without any anatomical argument, it may be assumed that a dysfunction of area 8 and of the fronto-mesencephalic pathway is responsible for this abnormality. The resemblance of this disturbance to an earlier phylogenic period of the oculomotor development (inferior mammalian) and its spontaneous good evolution evoke more a maturation delay of the supranuclear control system of saccades than a true disease.

Apraxias↗