Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Madea

Publications and source records attributed to B Madea.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

References for determining the time of death by potassium in vitreous humor.

The different statements concerning the slope and intercept of the regression line and the 95% limits of confidence are the reason that potassium in vitreous humor is not used (at least in Germany) as an aid in estimating the time of death. The relationship between the concentration of potassium and the time of death is mainly influenced by antemortem electrolyte imbalances caused by disease and/or duration of terminal episode. The influence of terminal episode is best identified by its duration (Adelson et al., J. Forensic Sci., 8 (1963) 503-514). In order to have a method suitable for every case and to be as precise as possible we looked therefore for parameters in vitreous humor which were stable postmortem and indicating antemortem electrolyte imbalance. Urea is such a parameter, being stable postmortem (Coe, Am. J. Clin. Pathol, 51 (1969) 741-750) and useful as a marker of antemortem electrolyte imbalance. Our investigations on potassium in vitreous humor, including sudden and hospital deaths after chronic lingering disease, revealed 95% limits of confidence of +/- 34 h up to 120 h postmortem. Reviewing only cases with urea less than 100 mg/dl the 95% limits of confidence could be reduced to +/- 22 h. Considering the duration of terminal episode (less than 6 h) the precision was +/- 20 h. In this way our modified procedure is suitable for every case with the resulting precision of estimation being determined only by the duration of the terminal episode and urea concentration.

Death↗
PubMed1989

[Postmortem electrical excitability of skeletal muscle--obtaining precision with reference to influencing factors].

The objective measurement of electrical excitability alone does not solve the problem of the great interindividual variability of the duration of electrical excitability. The whole material was divided into three groups according to the deep rectal temperature at the beginning of the investigation. In these subgroups the interindividual variability of the duration of electrical excitability could be diminished from 8 hours to 4 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Objective assessment and quantification of postmortem muscle contraction to electrical stimulation].

UNLABELLED: The muscular contraction on electrical stimulation (rectangular impulses of 1 s duration, 2 to 80 mA current intensity) was objectified using a sensitive force transducer. RESULTS: The shape of the muscular contraction (time course) is changing over the postmortem interval with two peaks (opening and closing contraction according to Pflüger's law) in the early postmortem interval and only one peak in the later postmortem interval. The relaxation period of muscular contraction is increasing over the postmortem interval. The maximum force developed during muscular contraction on definite current intensity is decreasing over the postmortem interval. Increase of the relaxation period a decrease of the maximum force in response to a definite current intensity are criteria allowing a determination of the time since death on an objective basis.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1988

Death time estimation in case work. II. Integration of different methods.

The mean value of the time of death is not reliable because of the great variability of the time-dependent criteria of dead bodies. However, it is possible to narrow down a reliable time period for a stated death by means of the lower and upper limits of error of different criteria. The external data of lividity, rigor, mechanical and electrical excitability of facial muscles and the chemical excitability of the iris have all been gathered from literature, chronologically arranged and clearly presented. After rectal temperature measurement and a corresponding nomogram reading, it is simple to choose other suitable criteria and to integrate them with the aid of a chart thus producing a rational and practical procedure for use at a scene of crime.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1986

[Postmortem increase in potassium in the vitreous humor. Which parameters are suitable as indicators of antemortem agonal electrolyte imbalance?].

The relationship between a rise in the potassium concentration in the vitreous humor and the time of death has been established by several authors. Sturner (1963) and Adelson (1963) have been able to demonstrate a more precise relationship between potassium and the time of death in cases of sudden death and death occurring within 6 h as opposed to death after a chronic, lingering disease. However, the duration of the terminal episode cannot always be assessed in forensic medicine. Therefore, it would be valuable if other parameters could also be established that would indicate an agonal dysregulation of electrolytes. Our study revealed that sodium, urea, chloride, and calcium are of great value in indicating antemortem electrolyte imbalance because of their stability in the vitreous humor after death. The first results established that urea may be a suitable internal standard.

Calcium↗
PubMed1986

[Immunocytochemical identification of AB0 incompatible erythrocytes following fatal transfusion reaction].

A patient with blood group O died 8 h after an accidental transfusion of one unit of A1 erythrocytes. The admixture of group A red cells was not detected during postmortem serology. Paraffin-embedded autopsy material was studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies. Group A red cells were easily identified as circulating agglutinates in the larger vessels, in the capillary vessels of all organs examined, and as closely packed cell aggregations in the sinuses of the spleen. However, there was no clear evidence of erythrophagocytosis in the spleen or in liver.

Aged↗