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Biomedical subjects

B M Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to B M Cohen.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The validity of DSM-III borderline personality disorder. A phenomenologic, family history, treatment response, and long-term follow-up study.

To test the validity of the DSM-III diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD), we examined the phenomenology, family history, treatment response, and four-to-seven-year long-term outcome of a cohort of 33 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for BPD. We found that (1) BPD could be distinguished readily from DSM-III schizophrenia; (2) BPD did not appear to represent "borderline affective disorder," although many patients displayed BPD and major affective disorder concomitantly; and (3) BPD could not be distinguished on any of the indices from histrionic and antisocial personality disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The dexamethasone suppression test in psychotic disorders.

Dexamethasone suppression tests were given to 69 consecutively admitted psychiatric patients. Nonsuppression rates for depression with or without melancholia and for schizophrenia were similar to those previously reported, but for mania and other psychoses the frequencies were higher than expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Amoxapine and neuroleptic side effects: a case report.

A depressed patient developed neuroleptic-like side effects while being treated with amoxapine alone. Elevation of her plasma prolactin level and significant ex vivo neuroleptic activity were found despite therapeutic amoxapine levels.

Amoxapine↗
PubMed1983

Use of intraperitoneal solutions for preventing pelvic adhesions in the rat.

The fewest postoperative intrapelvic adhesions were observed in rats subjected to intraabdominal infusion of 20 ml of Ringer's lactate containing hydrocortisone (100 mg/liter), dexamethasone (5 mg/liter) and ampicillin (100 mg/liter). Significant prevention of adhesions also followed intrapelvic administration of heparinized Ringer's lactate (2,000 IU/liter), Ringer's lactate with dexamethasone (5 mg/liter), Ringer's lactate with ampicillin (100 mg/liter) and Ringer's lactate with human albumin (8 gm/liter). Comparable volumes of hyperosmolar dextran caused drastic shifts in fluids and electrolytes, with the death of all the animals. Smaller volumes of this agent did not prevent adhesion formation. Thus, physicians should be cautious about the volume of dextran administered in the human pelvis. It is hoped that the single-dose intraperitoneal application of Ringer's lactate containing ampicillin and corticosteroids will be evaluated prospectively in women.

Albumins↗
PubMed1982

Circadian changes in the destruction and effects of haloperidol in the rat.

Striking circadian changes in behavioral sensitivity to haloperidol were found by measurements of cataleptic responses in rats trained in a controlled lighting cycle (lights on, 7:00 a.m.--7:00 p.m.). Thus, catalepsy was maximal at about 4:00 p.m. and minimal at about 4:00 a.m., virtually the opposite of the circadian rhythm of spontaneous behavioral activity in drug-free rats. At a given dose of haloperidol, catalepsy scores differed 2- to 3-fold, and the ED50 shifted left nearly 10-fold from a.m. to p.m. After fixed doses of haloperidol, tissue levels of the drug, as determined by a sensitive and selective radioreceptor assay, differed by 2- to 6-fold through the 24 hr cycle and brain levels closely followed the circadian changes in behavior. These results suggest a pharmacokinetic contribution to the circadian changes in behavioral response, although additional pharmacodynamic factors are also considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A study of DSM-III schizophreniform disorder.

Using five methods of validation the authors evaluated six patients satisfying DSM-III criteria for schizophreniform disorder. These patients did not differ importantly from patients with affective disorders but differed markedly from schizophrenic patients in past psychiatric history, family history, acute treatment response, short-term course, and dexamethasone suppression test results. The findings suggest that schizophreniform disorder, as defined by DSM-III, may not be a valid entity separate from affective disorder and that acuteness of onset, even in the absence of affective symptoms, implies the presence of affective disorder. The authors suggest that a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder should not exclude patients from treatment with lithium and antidepressants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lecithin in the treatment of mania: double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

The authors report double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of pure lecithin in the treatment of mania. As in preliminary trials, lecithin appeared to be nontoxic and effective. Improvement with lecithin was significantly greater than improvement with placebo in five of the six patients studied. The concurrent use of anticholinergic agents did not prevent the antimanic effect of lecithin. The authors discuss the possible mechanism of action of lecithin, including cholinergic and membrane-altering effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Amoxapine: neuroleptic as well as antidepressant?

Amoxapine, a new antidepressant, is the N-desmethyl analog of loxapine, a neuroleptic. There have been reports suggesting that amoxapine itself or its metabolites have neuroleptic as well as antidepressant properties. With in vitro studies using a radioreceptor assay for neuroleptics, the authors found that amoxapine--and one of its metabolites in particular (7-hydroxyamoxapine)--have potent neuroleptic-like activity. Furthermore, blood specimens from patients receiving amoxapine showed the presence of neuroleptic activity in the same assay. The authors note the implications of these findings for gauging the benefits and risks of treatment with amoxapine, including the risk of neurologic effects.

Amoxapine↗
PubMed1982

Normal ventricles in young schizophrenics.

The CT scans of 11 schizophrenics and 26 controls were evaluated for both linear (Evan's and cella media ratios) and volume (planimetry and grid ratios) measurements of ventricular size. There were no differences between the two groups on any of the measures obtained. These results are discussed in relation to previous reports showing ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics. The relatively younger age and briefer period of hospitalization in this present sample are suggested as variables possibly associated with these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Fluphenazine blood levels and clinical response.

The radioreceptor assay for neuroleptics (NRRA) holds out great theoretical promise as a method for monitoring blood neuroleptic levels, but its practical value is yet to be established. In the present study, 12 psychotic patients were followed longitudinally during treatment with oral (n = 9) and/or depot (N = 7) fluphenazine. Neuroleptic blood levels were determined both by the NRRA and by high performance liquid chromatography utilizing an electrochemical detector (HPLC). Clinical status was monitored by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Although blood levels were near the limits of sensitivity, the NRRA was able to detect the drug in most samples. HPLC was able to detect fluphenazine in less than 20% of the samples. Detectable blood levels by HPLC were associated with high blood levels by the NRRA. There was a significant correlation between blood levels as measured by the NRRA and clinical improvement. This correlation appears to be independent of the dose or route of administration of fluphenazine. Many patients were followed for several months and a few for over a year. A remarkable constancy of blood levels was found, particularly with depot administration. Given these findings, the NRRA may be an important clinical tool for monitoring patients receiving fluphenazine.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1980

Neuroleptic blood levels and therapeutic effect.

Studies attempting to delineate a therapeutic range of blood levels for neuroleptics have yielded conflicting results. The reasons for this are briefly reviewed and a study is described in which a correlation is sought between blood levels of thioridazine and clinical efficacy. The study employs the radioreceptor assay for neuroleptics to detect both parent drug and active metabolites in blood. The results of the study indicate that while dose is a poor predictor of blood levels of medication, blood levels of neuroleptic activity in patients on thioridazine may be very highly correlated with antipsychotic effect.

Adolescent↗