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Biomedical subjects

B M Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to B M Cohen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Plasma levels of neuroleptic in patients receiving depot fluphenazine.

Depot forms of fluphenazine are frequently used in the outpatient treatment of psychiatric patients. To gather relevant data on pharmacokinetic characteristics of depot fluphenazines, the authors measured plasma levels of neuroleptic activity in 76 clinic patients on stable dosage regimens of fluphenazine decanoate or fluphenazine enanthate. Dose and plasma neuroleptic activity level were highly correlated for both forms of depot fluphenazine. Furthermore, the slope of the regression of log dose to the log plasma neuroleptic activity was the same for both drug forms. However, doses of enanthate twice those of decanoate were associated with the same mean plasma level of neuroleptic activity. Finally, while blood levels of drug overlapped markedly in cohorts of patients receiving different doses of depot medication, the assumption of recent studies that, on the average, patients in such cohorts have different blood and tissue levels of drug was confirmed.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1984

In vitro effects of psychotropic agents on the microviscosity of platelet membranes.

Normal platelet membranes were exposed in vitro to a variety of psychotropic agents, including chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, imipramine, and lithium. Changes in microviscosity of the hydrocarbon layer of the drug-exposed membranes were determined by steady-state fluorescence polarization measurements, employing the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). Concentrations of the phenothiazines chlorpromazine and fluphenazine above 200 nM produced significant increases in microviscosity, while haloperidol produced a small but consistent decrease in microviscosity in the concentration range of 200 nM to 200 microM. Imipramine and lithium were without effect. The phenothiazine-induced increase in microviscosity was apparently dependent upon the structure of the phenothiazine nucleus; side chain structure was less important to this effect.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1984

Binding of [3H]apomorphine to an aporphine binding site as well as to dopamine sites in tissue from bovine caudate nucleus.

Binding of the tritiated dopamine (DA) agonists, apomorphine (APO) and a dihydroxyaminotetralin (ADTN) to a membrane preparation from the caudate nucleus of calf brain was compared. Binding of [3H]dihydroxyaminotetralin at small (nM) concentrations followed simple, monophasic inhibition (over 80% at less than 500 nM) by concentrations of apomorphine between 50 pM and 1 mM. Inhibition of the binding of [3H]apomorphine by dihydroxyaminotetralin was more complex, and included in component with a low (microM) affinity for dihydroxyaminotetralin accounting for approx. 20% of total binding. The kinetics of binding of the ligands to high-affinity sites were virtually identical (apparent Kd = 0.81 nM; Bmax = 211 fmol/mg protein) and could not be distinguished by curve-fitting techniques adapted to analysis by microcomputer. In contrast, the binding of [3H]apomorphine with a "blank" defined by excess (10 microM) dihydroxyaminotetralin could be resolved into the same high-affinity component and a lower-affinity site (Kd = 124 nM; Bmax = 5740 fmol/mg). The pharmacology of the lower-affinity binding of [3H]apomorphine was evaluated by coincubating with 0.5 microM dihydroxyaminotetralin to "mask" high-affinity sites, and was compared to high-affinity binding of [3H]apomorphine and [3H]dihydroxyaminotetralin. The high-affinity binding was stereoselective for DA receptor agonists and antagonists. The pharmacology of the lower-affinity site resembled no known DA receptor type and showed highest affinities for aporphines but was not stereoselective and reacted weakly and nonspecifically with dihydroxyaminotetralin, DA, other catecholamines and neuroleptics. Thus, [3H]apomorphine, under certain conditions, may detect an aporphine binding site of uncertain pharmacological significance, as well as high-affinity DA agonist (D-3) sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Use of clonidine in treating neuroleptic-induced akathisia.

Six patients with akathisia were treated with clonidine in an open, on-drug/off-drug trial. All six patients demonstrated substantial improvement of their akathisia, with four of the six obtaining complete remission. The dose of clonidine used to treat the remaining two patients was limited by the development of symptomatic hypotension. Daily doses ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 mg, and maximal response to a particular dose occurred within 24 to 48 hours. Although no effects on lithium tremor, parkinsonism, or tardive dyskinesia were observed, two bipolar patients exhibited considerable improvement in their manic and psychotic symptoms during treatment with clonidine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of metoprolol and propranolol in the treatment of akathisia.

Metoprolol was compared to propranolol in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia by means of an on-drug/off-drug crossover study. Both beta-blockers were effective, but the usefulness of metoprolol was limited by side effects due to the high dose of this medication required to produce a therapeutic effect. The mechanism of action of beta-blockers in the treatment of akathisia is discussed in light of the different pharmacologic properties of metoprolol and propranolol. The study results suggest that these agents are effective in reducing akathisia through a central mechanism of action requiring beta-2 blockade.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Small airways changes in workers exposed to asbestos.

Although restriction is considered the classic pulmonary function profile of asbestosis, studies suggest that obstruction of the peripheral airways not revealed by standard spirometry is equally frequent and indicative of peribronchiolar fibrosis. We recorded flows and volumes from maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves, closing volume data and the phase III slope of the alveolar plateau for 610 litigants, 575 men and 35 women, exposed to asbestos for varying periods in a single workplace in northern New Jersey. Smokers (260) included current smokers and subjects who had stopped within the previous 10 years; nonsmokers (350) had either never smoked or had given up for more than 10 years. Analyses were made for both groups according to years worked. Compared to predicted, smokers and nonsmokers had significantly higher closing capacities (p less than 0.01) and delta N2% (p less than 0.001) means, and lower forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume for the first second (FEV1.0, maximal expiratory flow rate (MEFR) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) functions (p less than 0.05); the flow rate after 75% of the FVC had been exhaled (FEF75%) values were significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) only for workers exposed for more than 30 years. The change from predicted was significantly more rapid for smokers, compared with nonsmokers, for FVC, FEV1.0, PEFR, MEFR and FEF75% means, while the increase in closing capacity (CC) was twice as rapid for nonsmokers and the two groups did not differ in their mean rates of rise for delta N2%. CC and the slope of the alveolar plateau appeared to be the measures best able to discriminate between the data for both smoking and nonsmoking asbestos workers and their lung function prediction means.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clonidine in the treatment of mania and mixed bipolar disorder.

The symptoms of three bipolar patients remitted after clonidine treatment. One patient presented with mixed bipolar disorder, two were manic, and all were psychotic. One patient's akathisia also appeared to respond to clonidine. Clonidine's thymoleptic effect paralleled resulting cardiovascular changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Propranolol in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia.

Fourteen patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia were treated with propranolol in an open trial. All patients demonstrated substantial improvement of their akathisia; nine of the 14 obtained complete remission. Response was quite rapid, occurring within 24 hours in most cases. Doses required for improvement were low (30-80 mg/day), and side effects were few. Lithium-induced tremor improved considerably, but symptoms of parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia showed little change. Preliminary results with certain other beta blockers suggest that they are less effective than propranolol in the treatment of akathisia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Open trial of S-adenosylmethionine for treatment of depression.

Nine depressed inpatients completed trials with S-adenosylmethionine. Seven showed improvement or remission of their symptoms. As in European studies, no side effects were seen except the apparent induction of mania in two patients with bipolar disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Serum profile and bioavailability of a controlled-release theophylline formulation for once-daily use: comparison with a 12-hr preparation.

Two controlled-release theophylline drugs, T-D (Theo-Dur tablets) administered 12-hourly, and preparation U (Uniphyl tablets) once daily, given in 7-day sequences in daily 800-mg doses, produced comparable steady-state serum profiles in nonsmoking adults with asthma, chronic bronchitis, or both, showing acceptable theophylline clearances. With either regimen, mean serum levels were within the 10-20 mcg/ml range at most time points, never falling below 9 mcg/ml or exceeding 20 mcg/ml. Analyses of variance for troughs, peaks, trough-peak fluctuations and AUCs (0,24) could not differentiate between drugs. The theophylline in each was fully bioavailable relative to immediate-release theophylline. Side effects, least prevalent with Drug U, were of the "minor nuisance" variety. These data indicate the suitability of Drug U for once-daily prescription.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Double-blind comparison of amoxapine and imipramine in the treatment of depressed patients.

A 5-week double-blind study compared amoxapine to imipramine (2:1 dosage ratio) in the treatment of depressed outpatients. The two agents were similar in anti-depressant efficacy and rapidity of action. The most common adverse reactions to both drugs were anticholinergic effects and sedation; cardiovascular effects were minimal. A few amoxapine-treated patients developed adverse effects typical of neuroleptic drugs: some experienced extrapyramidal signs, one developed galactorrhea, and most showed elevated plasma prolactin concentrations. Amoxapine was associated with significant neuroleptic activity in plasma. No correlation was found between blood levels of either drug and therapeutic response.

Adolescent↗