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Biomedical subjects

B Lubin

Publications and source records attributed to B Lubin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The prevention and management of stroke in sickle cell anaemia.

Perhaps the most important clinical complication of sickle cell anaemia is stroke, an event that occurs in approximately 5-10% of children who inherit this disorder. To prevent recurrent or progressive CNS damage, the institution of regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusions is the standard of care. In addition, children at high risk of developing stroke, as screened by transcranial Doppler, also benefit from regular RBC transfusions for stroke prevention. In this review, standard and novel techniques of RBC transfusion, and also alternative therapies to treat children with or at risk for stroke are considered. In addition, haematopoietic cell transplantation, the only curative option for sickle cell anaemia, is considered, and speculation about its present and future application in this clinical setting is discussed.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed2001

A comparison of the short and long forms of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R).

Brief, reliable, and valid assessment instruments are very important for clinical psychology research and practice. The possible equivalency of a short form and the long form of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R; Zuckerman & Lubin,1985) was studied by correlating both forms of the MAACL-R with the State Trait Personality Inventory (Spielberger,1995); the Affect Balance Scale (Bradburn,1969); and the Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman,1978). Reliability and validity of the two forms were equivalent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Evidence for HLA-related susceptibility for stroke in children with sickle cell disease.

Cerebral infarction occurs in one quarter of all children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). There is an increased risk of stroke in siblings with SCA, suggesting genetic factors may influence risk of stroke. The authors investigated whether HLA type was associated with risk of stroke in children with SCA. Fifty-three patients with SCA underwent complete HLA typing at both HLA class I (HLA-A, B) and HLA class II (HLA-DR, DQ, DP) loci. Of the 53 patients, 22 had magnetic resonance imagining (MRI)-documented evidence of cerebral infarction, and the remaining 31 patients had negative MRI scans. Comparison of the results of HLA typing between the SCA patients with a positive and those with a negative MRI documented that the 2 groups differed with respect to the class I HLA-B (P =.012), and the class II HLA-DRB1 (P =.0008) and DQB1 (P =.029). Susceptibility associations at the HLA-DRB1 locus included both DR3 alleles, where DRB1*0301 and *0302 were both associated with an increased risk of stroke. Protective associations were found in the DR2 group, where DRB1*1501 was protective for stroke. DQB1*0201, which is in linkage disequilibrium with DRB1*0301, was also associated with stroke. Similarly, DQB1*0602, in linkage disequilibrium with DRB1*1501, was protective. Specific HLA alleles may influence the risk of stroke in children with SCA. HLA typing may prove useful in identifying SCA patients at higher risk for stroke.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Additional study of the Youth-Depression Adjective Check List.

Replicated and extended aspects of determinations of reliability and validity for the State version of the Youth-Depression Adjective Check List. Students from Grades 9 through 12 (64 girls and 41 boys) completed the State version and the Adolescent Activities Checklist on each of 12 consecutive days and completed the Trait version, the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List--Revised Grade 6, and the Adolescent Activities Checklist at the beginning and the end of the study. Good reliability and validity of the State version were confirmed and extended, and preliminary information on characteristics of the Trait version of the Youth-Depression Adjective Check List also was presented. The State version seems suitable for use in research with adolescents and preadolescents. More study of the Trait version is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Development of a random response scale for the multiple affect adjective check list-revised.

A scale was constructed to identify random responses on the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised. Items chosen were the 14 least frequently checked items and 14 most frequently checked items, plus the seven most frequently checked negative items and the seven least frequently checked positive items (total=42). The Random Response Scale successfully differentiated random protocols from those produced by 420 college students, and scores on the scale were significantly higher for the college students than for the random sample. In addition, correlations between scores on the Random Response Scale and the Communality Scale (Adjective Check List) and the NEO-FFI Conscientiousness Scale suggest its usefulness as a measure of "conscientiousness" or "dependableness."

Affect↗
PubMed1999

Predicting discharge from Airforce basic training by pattern of affect.

We compared the efficacy of the state form of the MAACL-R (Zuckerman & Lubin, 1985) in predicting success in Air Force basic training. Results of discriminant functions analyses showed that the Anxiety, Depression, Hostility, Positive Affect, and Sensation Seeking scales of the state MAACL-R efficiently predicted success in basic training. The need to incorporate state measures into studies of prediction is discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Mood as in index of psychiatric inpatients' progress in group therapy.

In a study of the use of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List--Revised and a set of scaled questions at the end of each group therapy session, the following results were found: (1) This checklist is sufficiently reliable and valid for use in psychiatric inpatient settings. (2) For patients who attended all 10 group therapy sessions there was a significant decrease in negative mood and a significant increase in positive mood from Sessions 1 to 10. (3) For patients who attended 10 consecutive sessions, there were significant increases from Sessions 1 to 10 in the perception that the therapist was trying to help them, they felt close to other members of the group, they felt hopeful of getting well, they openly tried to help another group member, and they openly expressed their feelings during the sessions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Response manipulation on the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised.

The scoring pattern of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R) under both "simulate good" and "simulate bad" conditions and under two instructional sets, either "simulate" (Sample 1) or "simulate with caution" (Sample 2), was studied in an experiment in which the MAACL-R state form was administered to two groups of college students, each consisting of 160 participants. Each participant was tested twice with both a baseline "actual" trial and either a "simulate bad" or "simulate good" trial with the "actual" and experimental "simulate" trials counterbalanced. Participants in Sample 2, but not Sample 1, received instructions to be "cautious so as not to be detected." As expected, the scoring pattern of the MAACL-R was susceptible to response manipulation in the predicted directions. However, instructions to "simulate with caution" did not produce significantly different scores than did instructions to "simulate" alone. In the second study, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) was used to determine the utility of each MAACL-R scale to detect response simulation. For both "simulate bad" and "simulate good," the PA and PASS scales showed the highest correct classification rates. However, detection of simulating bad was more accurate than determination of simulating good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Affect traits in differential diagnosis of anxiety, depressive, and schizophrenic disorders using the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised.

A study of 185 psychiatric patients with anxiety, mood, and schizophrenic disorders and 185 matched nonpatient controls investigated the effectiveness of the affect trait scales of the revised Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL-R) in differentiating the three disorders. Univariate and multivariate analyses supported the usefulness of the affect in global and specific diagnostic classifications. The strongest discriminant function described a general dysphoria dimension (Depression plus Anxiety minus Positive Affect) which differentiated the anxiety and mood disorder groups from schizophrenic patients and nonpatient controls. A second discriminant function best differentiated the anxiety from mood disorder groups and was defined by relatively higher anxiety and normal sensation seeking scores among anxiety disorders and relatively higher depression and lower sensation seeking among mood disorders. Schizophrenic disorders could not be reliably distinguished from the other groups by negative affect scales, although they scored lower on positive affect than normals. It was concluded that the MAACL-R was valid in making both global and specific diagnostic classifications.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A grade four reading level key for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised.

Data from samples of College Students (n = 433), Adolescents (n = 746), and a community mental health center sample (Outpatients) (n = 202) were rescored using a scoring key that consisted of adjectives from the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised at or below the Grade 4 reading level (MAACL-R4). Factor analyses showed that, unlike the MAACL-R, a three-factor structure (Positive Affect 4, Anxious Depression 4, and Hostility 4) best described the 38 Grade 4 adjectives on the MAACL-R4. Estimates of reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) for each scale were acceptable. Correlations between scores on MAACL-R4 and four Self-rating Mood Scales showed expected convergent and discriminant validities. Also, patterns of means among the three groups could differentiate the nonreferred from referred samples.

Achievement↗
PubMed1998

Construction of validity scales for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised.

Three scales, the Fake Bad Scale, the Fake Good Scale, and the Fake Bad-Fake Good scales were developed and evaluated with respect to their capacity to detect response manipulation on the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised. Cutting scores for each scale were cross-validated in two samples consisting of three groups: (1) college students simulating either "fake good" or "fake bad," (2) college students under standard instructions, and (3) psychiatric patients. Cutting scores on the three scales were compared with cutting scores established for the MAACL-R Dysphoria and Positive Affect plus Sensation Seeking. Analysis indicated that these scales were more accurate than the Positive Affect plus Sensation Seeking and the Dysphoria scales in detecting response manipulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Psychometric properties of the grade 4 reading level Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised with offenders.

The reliability and validity of the Grade 4 reading level Multiple Affect Adjective Check List was assessed with offenders in four settings within the criminal justice system. With the exception of the Sensation Seeking Scale, the MAACL-R4 scales showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability and adequate convergent and discriminant validity, but not for the Depression scale for 53 female arrestees and the Hostility scale with 51 male arrestees. Correlations with self-ratings of health and stress and with the Family Environment scales were in expected directions. It is concluded that the MAACL-R4 has the basic qualities necessary for use in research with offenders.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1998

Measuring the mood of seventh-grade students with the MAACL-R6.

Recently, the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised was modified to include only those items designated as at or below the sixth-grade reading level (MAACL-R6). The present study investigated the reliability and validity of the state and trait forms of the MAACL-R6 in a sample of seventh-grade public school students. High internal consistency and adequate validity were found for both forms. Test-retest reliability was higher for trait than for state. It was concluded that the MAACL-R6 is appropriate for use in research with seventh-grade students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Adolescent norms for the MAACL-R6.

The reliability and validity of the trait form of the sixth-grade version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R6) have been demonstrated for sixth- and seventh-grade public school students and patients at a mental health clinic. In this study, norms for the MAACL-R6 with middle and high school students (grades 6-12) were investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Decrease of very late activation antigen-4 and CD36 on reticulocytes in sickle cell patients treated with hydroxyurea.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by repeated vaso-occlusive events, which result in substantial morbidity. Abnormal adhesion of sickle red blood cells (RBC) to the vascular endothelium is postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion. Two adhesion receptors, very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4) and CD36, are found in unusually high numbers on sickle cell reticulocytes and do mediate adhesion of sickle RBC to endothelium. Hydroxyurea (HU) therapy results in fewer vaso-occlusive episodes, and we postulated that HU-related modulation of VLA-4 and CD36 receptors may contribute to its clinical benefit. Using flow cytometry, eight patients were followed from the onset of HU treatment through a mean treatment length of 200 +/- 49 days. Mean corpuscular volume and percent fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) increased from 87% +/- 6% to 98% +/- 9% and 6.6% +/- 3.9% to 12.7% +/- 5.6%, respectively. The percentage of reticulocytes expressing VLA-4 decreased from 29.0% +/- 5.9% to 14.9% +/- 2.3% (P = .0003). Two thirds of the total decrease in VLA-4 expression occurred after 10 weeks of HU and plateaued by 20 weeks. Changes in VLA-4 expression occurred before substantial increases in Hb F. The percentage of reticulocytes expressing CD36 decreased from 55.3% +/- 6.4% to 42.6% (P = .0046). Changes in adhesion receptor expression were not caused by a decrease in reticulocytosis with HU therapy. This report is the first to associate a decrease in adhesion receptor expression with a therapy known to reduce the clinical severity of SCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The MAACL-R6 with an adult clinical sample.

To determine the usefulness of the MAACL-R6 (sixth grade reading level version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised), its characteristics were studied in an adult clinical sample. As with the rescored samples, acceptable reliability and validity with this clinical sample was found. Also, the MAACL-R rescored on the sixth grade adjectives was equivalent in reliability and validity to the MAACL-R6 in this clinical sample, indicating that there was no context effect produced by being imbedded in the larger list of adjectives.

Adult↗