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B Lubin

Publications and source records attributed to B Lubin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Differentiation of homozygous hemoglobin E from compound heterozygous hemoglobin E-beta O-thalassemia by hemoglobin E mutation analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To facilitate the differential diagnosis of hemoglobin FE in newborn infants (homozygous hemoglobin E vs hemoglobin E-beta O-thalassemia). METHODS: The beta-globin gene in DNA from infants found to have hemoglobin FE in the California newborn screening program was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and the product was digested with Mnl I, which fails to cut the product when the hemoglobin E mutation is present. When both amplified alleles fail to be cut, homozygous EE is diagnosed. If only one allele is cut, a beta-globin allele without the E mutation is present (non-E), which is most likely a gene with a beta O-thalassemia mutation. RESULTS: Samples from 18 infants revealed an EE genotype, and from two samples a non-E/E genotype was determined. Clinical examination of these two patients confirmed a diagnosis of hemoglobin E-beta O-thalassemia. An independent clinical diagnosis agreed with DNA analysis for all 17 of the 20 infants for whom follow-up and family studies were available. The DNA results were obtained within a week, but the clinical diagnoses often could not be resolved unequivocally for months. CONCLUSIONS: The direct analysis of patient DNA samples for the hemoglobin E mutation allowed rapid and accurate diagnosis in this sample of infants with hemoglobin FE on the newborn screen. This rapid discriminatory test should reduce cost and simplify the diagnostic approach for these patients, which currently consists of expensive and lengthy follow-up until clinical data and family studies result in a diagnosis.

Asian↗
PubMed1992

Reliability and validity of the Korean Youth Depression Adjective Check List (Y-DACL).

To develop a Korean version of the Youth Depression Adjective Check List (Y-DACL), bilingual Koreans achieved consensus in their translation of the 22 adjectives. Four hundred and seventeen male and 412 female adolescents from 8th through 12th grade of four Korean public schools (mean age ranged from 13.4 to 17.3) completed the state form of the Y-DACL, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Internal consistency was high (alpha = .87), split-half reliability was moderately high (.72), and test-retest reliability was low (.26) as expected. Estimates of concurrent validity indicated a moderate level of correlation between the Y-DACL and the BDI and SDS. The findings suggest that the Korean Y-DACL is suitable for use in research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of public and parochial school patterns of student affect.

The MAACL-R scores of 139 middle and senior high public school students (76 females, 63 males) were compared with those of 403 parochial school students (196 females and 207 males). Parochial school students scored significantly higher on depression, hostility, and dysphoria, and significantly lower on positive affect and overall positive mood. Possible explanations for this pattern are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of the complement sensitivity of calcium loaded human erythrocytes.

A deficiency of membrane proteins having a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is characteristic of the erythrocytes of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and is currently believed to be the basis for the enhanced susceptibility to lysis by activated complement observed in these cells. Our recent observation that GPI-anchored proteins are preferentially lost into membrane vesicles shed from normal erythrocytes after calcium loading led us to examine the hypothesis that the remnant erythrocytes might also have increased sensitivity to complement-mediated hemolysis. Indeed, red blood cells treated in such a manner became more sensitive to lysis by antibody and complement or to lysis initiated by activated cobra venom factor complexes (CoFBb). As a consequence of membrane vesiculation, the erythrocytes lost up to approximately 50% of their immunoreactive decay-accelerating factor and 25% to 30% of their immunoreactive membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL). Closer examination of the defect responsible for the marked increase in sensitivity to CoFBb-initiated hemolysis seen in calcium-loaded erythrocytes showed that a complex combination of factors produced the defect. These included a decrease in both functional and immunoreactive MIRL and depletion of intracellular potassium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These results suggest the possibility that loss of DAF and MIRL via membrane vesiculation, as well as decreases in intracellular potassium and/or ATP, might contribute to the phenotype of PNH erythrocytes. Further, normal or pathologic red blood cells might develop a PNH-like defect after membrane vesiculation if sufficient decreases in potassium and ATP also occurred.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Two commonly occurring nucleotide base substitutions in Chinese G6PD variants.

Using a direct PCR sequencing technique, we have identified two DNA base substitutions in 8 different biochemical G6PD variants of Chinese origin. Neither one of these abnormalities has been reported in other ethnic groups. An abnormality (C1) of G to T substitution at cDNA 1376 causing an amino acid change from Arg to Leu has been found in 3 variants. Another abnormality (C2) of G to A substitution at cDNA 1388 causing an amino acid change from Arg to His has been found in 5 variants. Both C1 and C2 are located in exon 12 of the G6PD gene and are only 12 base pairs apart. However, C1 is associated with a significant increase in the deamino-NADP utilization rate, whereas C2 is not. Taken together, our data suggest that C1 and C2 are very common among Chinese with a G6PD deficiency and exon 12 may define an important functional domain of the human G6PD.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Reliability and validity of the trait form of set 2 of the Depression Adjective Check Lists with Canadian elderly.

In order to determine the suitability of the trait form of the Depression Adjective Check Lists (DACL) for use with the elderly, Forms E, F, and G and a question that required a self-rating of health were administered as part of a larger questionnaire to two groups of nonhospitalized Canadian elderly: (1) 259 subjects (120 males and 139 females) between 60 and 74 years of age; and (2) 136 subjects (50 males and 96 females) 75 to 93 years of age. The reliability of each list (overall mean alpha = .84; overall mean alternate form reliability = .84; and overall mean split-half reliability = .76) seemed to be at an adequate level. Also, the magnitude of these correlations was very similar to those found on the same instrument for a sample of college students.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Preliminary report on reliability and validity of the trait form of the Depression Adjective Check List in a representative community sample.

The purpose of this study was to investigate preliminary internal consistency and split-half reliability estimates of the trait form of the Depression Adjective Check List-Form E (DACL-E), as well as to validate three specific adjectives. The sample consisted of 294 residents of 17 inner-city neighborhoods of a large midwestern city, selected through a modified cluster sampling procedure. The Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability estimates were similar in magnitude for both genders (.88 for males and .85 for females) and were at a level generally found to be reliable. Analyses of the three DACL-E adjectives--"distressed," "safe," and "active"--were related, respectively, to fear of crime (p less than .01), perception of one's safety (p less than .01), and active participation in crime prevention activities (p less than .001).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Measuring depressive mood in elderly Israeli: reliability and validity of the Depression Adjective Check Lists.

To establish the psychometric properties of the state form of the Depression Adjective Check List (DACL) with elderly Israeli, a 1981 Hebrew version of the DACL by Lomranz, Lubin, Eyal, and Medini, along with the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale and Cantril's Self-anchoring Striving Scale, were administered to 86 independently functioning elderly persons (35 men and 51 women) living in a home for the aged. Reliability estimates (alphas and test-retest) were moderate to high; validity estimates (concurrent and construct) were again moderate to high. It was concluded that the state form of the Depression Adjective Check List is suitable for use with elderly Israeli.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

MMPI experimental scale correlates of the MAACL--R with male alcoholics.

Concurrent and discriminative validity of the MAACL--R scales were studied by means of correlations with selected MMPI experimental scales (AR, DR, HOS, Poor Morale, and ES) for a sample of 88 male VA alcoholics. Concurrent validity of Anxiety, Depression, Hostility and PASS, and discriminative validity of the Anxiety scale were confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Readability of the Depression Adjective Check Lists (DACL) and the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R).

To determine the readability of the Depression Adjective Check Lists (DACL; Lubin, 1981) and the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R; Zuckerman & Lubin, 1985), each adjective on the two instruments was assigned its grade level readability designation from the Dale and O'Rourke (1981) compendium. Median readability level of each of the seven DACL lists was sixth grade with an average of 80% of each list at or below the eighth-grade level. For the MAACL-R, median readability level for each of the seven scales was fourth grade except for Hostility, which was at the sixth-grade level. Approximately 87% of the MAACL-R is at or below the eighth-grade reading level. The discussion suggests that both the DACL and MAACL-R can be considered to be at the eighth-grade reading level.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Transbilayer distribution and mobility of phosphatidylinositol in human red blood cells.

The present studies describe the distribution of phosphatidylinositol (PI) within the membrane bilayer of the human red blood cell (RBC) as well as its transbilayer mobility. The membrane bilayer distribution was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of PI in the exterior leaflet of the RBC membrane using a PI-specific phospholipase C and by extraction of PI from the exterior leaflet using bovine serum albumin. The transbilayer mobility of PI was measured by following the fate of radiolabeled PI which was first incorporated into the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane. Our results indicate that PI is asymmetrically distributed in the membrane, with approximately 80% located in the inner and 20% in the outer leaflet of the bilayer. The rate of transbilayer mobility of PI is similar to that for certain molecular species of phosphatidylcholine and much slower than that reported for the aminophospholipids in the RBC membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Antimalarial activity of diethyldithiocarbamate. Potentiation by copper.

The antimalarial activity of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in vitro was potentiated by subtoxic concentrations of copper. DDC was also more potent in the presence of an intracellular source of copper, such as when parasites were grown in superoxide dismutase (SOD)-loaded erythrocytes. These data suggest that DDC forms a complex with copper, either intracellularly or extracellularly, which is toxic to malarial parasites. The exact cause of this toxicity is not known, but may be due to a membrane effect, since DDC and copper, in combination, exert a potent lytic effect on normal human erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Alloimmunization in sickle cell anemia and transfusion of racially unmatched blood.

Transfusion therapy for sickle cell anemia is limited by the development of antibodies to foreign red cells. To evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with such alloimmunization, we determined the transfusion history, red-cell phenotype, and development of alloantibodies in 107 black patients with sickle cell anemia who received transfusions. We compared the results with those from similar studies in 51 black patients with sickle cell disease who had not received transfusions and in 19 nonblack patients who received transfusions for other forms of chronic anemia. We assessed the effect that racial differences might have on the frequency of alloimmunization by comparing the red-cell phenotypes of patients and blood-bank donors (n = 200, 90 percent white). Although they received transfusions less frequently, 30 percent of the patients with sickle cell anemia became alloimmunized, in contrast to 5 percent of the comparison-group patients with other forms of anemia (P less than 0.001). Of the 32 alloimmunized patients with sickle cell anemia, 17 had multiple antibodies and 14 had delayed transfusion reactions. Antibodies against the K, E, C, and Jkb antigens accounted for 82 percent of the alloantibodies. Comparison of red-cell phenotypes in the three study groups (the patients with sickle cell anemia, the patients with other forms of anemia, and the blood donors) revealed statistically significant differences between the patients with sickle cell anemia and the donors but not between the patients with other forms of anemia and the donors. These differences are most likely racial. We conclude that alloimmunization is a common, clinically serious problem in sickle cell anemia and that it is partly due to racial differences between the blood-donor and recipient populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Use of ektacytometry to determine red cell susceptibility to oxidative stress.

To define a more sensitive and reliable method to determine changes in the overall cellular characteristics of erythrocytes after oxidative damage, we used a viscodiffractometric method (ektacytometry) to measure the effect of oxidative stress. Erythrocytes were incubated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, or cumene hydroperoxide in phosphate buffer. This treatment resulted in decreased cellular deformability of the intact erythrocytes. In addition, deformability and fragility measurements of the erythrocyte ghost membranes indicated an increased membrane dynamic rigidity and altered-mechanical stability as a consequence of oxidant stress. These changes were observed before the onset of hemolysis. The observed decrease in deformability was accompanied by oxidation of hemoglobin, alterations of membrane proteins, and lipid peroxidation. To continuously measure the time course of the decrease in deformability in intact erythrocytes under oxidative stress, a new ektacytometric method was developed. Erythrocytes were oxidatively challenged within the viscometer at a constant osmolality and shear stress. The change in deformability was monitored and a typical range was defined for erythrocytes from normal individuals. Comparison of erythrocytes from patients with sickle cell disease with those from normal individuals demonstrated a higher susceptibility of sickle red cells toward oxidative stress.

Erythrocyte Deformability↗
PubMed1989

Chlorpromazine inhibits vesiculation, alters phosphoinositide turnover and changes deformability of ATP-depleted RBCs.

To delineate further the underlying mechanism by which amphiphilic drugs can modulate vesicle release from human RBCs, we studied the effect of chlorpromazine on erythrocyte vesiculation induced by ATP depletion. This was correlated with turnover of the phosphoinositides as well as RBC deformability during the process since phosphoinositide metabolism may be involved in shape regulation of RBCs. Echinocytic shape transformation and subsequent vesiculation of RBCs, which commonly occur during ATP depletion, were inhibited by chlorpromazine. Furthermore, with a newly developed two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography separation of RBC membrane phospholipids, we showed that chlorpromazine significantly decreased the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in both ATP-depleted RBCs as well as in cells with partly maintained ATP levels. Concomitantly, there was a smaller increase in the relative amount of phosphatidylinositol. In addition, chlorpromazine also inhibited the decreased in RBC deformability as well as the shift of osmotic fragility that occurs during ATP depletion of erythrocytes.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of a community treatment program for young adult schizophrenics.

To evaluate a program of intensive case management for young adult chronic schizophrenics released from a large urban state mental health facility, several interrupted time series analyses were conducted over an 18-month period on 64 patients. Findings indicate that the intensive, active, and reactive role of case managers contributes significantly to the effectiveness of an aftercare, community-based treatment program.

Adult↗