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Biomedical subjects

B Lindblom

Publications and source records attributed to B Lindblom.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Second-look laparoscopy after ectopic pregnancy.

During the 4-year period of 1984 to 1987, 102 women with ectopic pregnancy (EP) underwent second-look laparoscopy 6 to 10 weeks after EP surgery. Benefits of this procedure, e.g., adhesiolysis and/or selection of women for further fertility interventions (in vitro fertilization [IVF], gamete intrafallopian transfer [GIFT], tubal microsurgery), were evaluated. On the basis of the second-look laparoscopy, 13% of the women were offered tubal microsurgery and 14% recommended for IVF. Patients without risk factors for EP developed adhesions as frequently as those with known risk factors and no specific surgical procedure was correlated to impairment of the pelvic status. Almost 40% of the patients presented with an impairment of adhesions on the affected side compared with the status at the time of EP surgery. Lysis of adhesions was performed during the second-look laparoscopy in 42 patients (41%). We conclude that second-look laparoscopy should be recommended to all EP patients with a desire for pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Influence of neurohypophyseal hormones on human cervical smooth muscle contractility in vitro.

Cervical tissue strips from nonpregnant women and women in early and term pregnancy were used to study spontaneous contractile activity and the effects of oxytocin and vasopressin in vitro. Oxytocin stimulated contractions in strips from all groups of patients except for those from five term pregnant women, in which an inhibitory effect was observed at a high concentration. Vasopressin had a stimulatory effect in all groups of patients. These neurohypophyseal hormones may interact with the effect of other hormones in their regulatory influence on cervical contractility, and this interaction might be important in cervical dilatation during labor as well as in the pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Serial human chorionic gonadotropin determinations by fluoroimmunoassay for differentiation between intrauterine and ectopic gestation.

A new means for differentiation between ectopic and early intrauterine pregnancy--the human chorionic gonadotropin score--is described. The score relates the rate of serum hCG rise per day to the initial human chorionic gonadotropin level. The positive predictive value for ectopic pregnancy was 94.7%, based on human chorionic gonadotropin scores from 41 women with increasing human chorionic gonadotropin levels in the range of 10 to 4000 IU/L. The method may be useful for identification of ectopic pregnancy in a category of women in whom ultrasonography is of limited diagnostic value.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody which inhibits the biological activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin in human corpora lutea.

In the present study a murine monoclonal antibody (MCA), directed against human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), was investigated in vitro utilizing human corpora lutea (CL). The CL were excised from women of fertile age undergoing various gynaecological operations. The CL specimens were cut into pieces and incubated in standard medium for 2 or 4 h in the presence of HCG, luteinizing hormone (HLH) or prostaglandin (PG) E2 alone or in combination with the MCA directed against HCG. After incubation, the tissue levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) and the media contents of progesterone (P) were determined. HCG, HLH and PGE2 stimulated both cAMP and P formation in CL of all ages, while the MCA alone had no effect on these parameters. The MCA, however, effectively counteracted the stimulatory effect of HCG on both cAMP and P formation on a 1:1 molar basis. This antagonistic effect was clearly reversible and could be overcome by increasing the HCG concentrations. The stimulatory effect of HLH and PGE2, on the other hand, was not influenced by the antibody, even when administered at high concentrations. These in-vitro data show that the MCA studied effectively counteracts the stimulatory effect of HCG on human luteal tissue with high specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Histochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and its influence on contractile activity in the non-pregnant and pregnant human cervix.

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was studied by immunofluorescence in cervical tissue of non-pregnant and pregnant women. VIP was localized in connection with blood vessels as well as among collagen fibres and smooth muscle cells. No difference was observed between non-pregnant and term pregnant women. The effect of VIP on cervical contractility was tested on isolated strips by superfusion in a tissue chamber. VIP inhibited contractions at 10(-8)-10(-6) M concentration, strips from term pregnant women responding more frequently at the lower concentration. It is suggested that VIP-containing neurons of the human cervix remain intact throughout pregnancy until term.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Binocular summation of hyperacuity tasks.

Binocular summation was studied with two different hyperacuity tests, a bisection test and a vernier-type test. The summation factor differed between the two tests and depended on the test configuration. In the bisection test, binocular summation increased with decreasing line separation, and for the largest separation binocular inhibition was found. In the vernier test summation was essentially more constant for different separations. It is argued that, for a bisection test with a small intertarget distance, the hyperacuity thresholds involve a component of intensity discrimination that is due to overlapping retinal line-spread functions. An additional, unexplained finding was that in a vertically oriented three-dot alignment test the monocularly perceived alignment always occurred while the center dot was displaced toward the nasal side.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The single DR beta gene of the DRw8 haplotype is closely related to the DR beta 3III gene encoding DRw52.

In most individuals two HLA-DR beta genes are expressed from each chromosome. One of these genes encodes one of the classical DR specificities, while the other encodes either of the supertypic DRw52/DRw53 specificities. In addition to these genes usually one or two DR beta pseudogenes are present. In contrast, the DRw8 chromosomal region only contains a single DR beta gene. To determine the relationship of this single gene to the multiple DR beta genes of other DR specificities, comparisons of Southern genomic blots were carried out. In this analysis genomic clones for each individual DR beta chain locus were included. The DR beta w8 gene was indistinguishable from the DR beta III gene of DR3 cells (encoding DRw52), suggesting that it is closely related to the latter gene. The functional implications of this finding are discussed.

Genes, MHC Class II↗
PubMed1988

Sahlgren's Saturation Test for acquired dyschromatopsia: increased lightness enhances sensitivity.

Sahlgren's Saturation Test (SST) is a simple sorting test designed for the detection and grading of acquired color vision defects. Like other pigment-based color vision tests, the SST color samples have medium lightness, i.e., they belong to the intermediate part of the gray scale. We tested normal controls and subjects with congenital or acquired dyschromatopsia with five SST versions that differed only in the amount of lightness. The sensitivity of the test increased considerably with increasing lightness. Therefore, the lightness level of SST has now been changed from 30 to 10 Natural Color System units.

Color↗
PubMed1988

A simple prostaglandin bioassay based on smooth muscle preparations from the human oviduct.

A simple bioassay for the detection of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2 was developed by the use of smooth muscle preparations from the human oviduct. The circular muscle layer showed opposite responses to PGE2 and PGF2 alpha while the tubal artery was expedient to distinguish PGE2 from PGI2. As compared to earlier described PG bioassays the system showed a high sensitivity and the limit for detection of an unknown sample was approx. 1 ng. Also combinations of PGs could be identified when reference samples were administered parallel to the unknown samples. It is suggested that the described PG bioassay when further developed may be advantageous for certain purposes since the tissue material generally can be obtained at routine gynecological operations, thus avoiding the use of laboratory animals.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1988

Fertility after ectopic pregnancy in relation to background factors and surgical treatment.

To study the importance of certain background factors and surgical treatment, the obstetric outcome in 205 women consecutively treated for ectopic pregnancy was analyzed by means of questionnaires 4 to 5.5 years after surgery. The response rate was 83.4% and, among women desiring pregnancy (n = 112), the total pregnancy rate was 75.9% and the delivery rate 53.6%. The total incidence of repeat ectopics was 27.3%, and the proportion of women who had a repeat ectopic pregnancy but no delivery was 20.5%. Six of seven women having an ectopic pregnancy with a copper intrauterine contraceptive device in situ had a normal delivery during the follow-up period. The subsequent fertility among nonresponders appeared lower than among responding women. A number of background factors present at the time of surgery were correlated to subsequent infertility, e.g., history of infertility and previous abdominal surgery. Conversely, there was no correlation between the fertility outcome and the type of operative procedure.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Distribution of group-specific component subtypes in multiple sclerosis.

Genetic subtypes of group-specific component (Gc), a protein possibly influencing susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection, were assessed by isoelectric focusing of plasma from 88 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related to frequencies among 3394 control individuals subjected to paternity studies. We found no clear association between MS and frequencies of phenotypes or alleles of Gc protein.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Cartographic deformations in a parabolic visual field map.

Visual fields are traditionally represented in the polar azimuthal equidistant projection. In this map, field areas are increasingly exaggerated with increasing visual angle. To facilitate description of central field defects, enlargement of the central visual field by a parabolic, non-linear projection has been proposed. The cartographic deformations associated with this projection were studied by using mathematical isopter models. A change from equidistant to parabolic projection not only altered relative isopter sizes but also their shapes. Also, the normal nasal-temporal asymmetry was obscured. Thus, the parabolic projection may conceal some types of visual field defects, e.g. loss of the temporal cresent. Neither projection represented surface areas correctly. It is argued that the area-true Lambert's projection would be ideal for visual field representation.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Binocular summation in humans: evidence for a hierarchic model.

1. Binocular summation was studied in human subjects using a batter of vision tests. Two tests assessed detection, another three acuity, one hyperacuity and one pattern recognition. 2. The magnitude of summation was consistent with, or exceeded, the level predicted from quadratic summation for both detection tests. 3. The summation factor was significantly smaller in the resolution tests than in the detection tests. Hyperacuity showed a large individual variation. 4. Spatial filtering of acuity targets did not influence summation. 5. No summation was found in the pattern recognition test. 6. It is argued that the degree of summation is related to the complexity of the visual task. A simple task yields a larger binocular summation than a more complex one. This may be related to the level of processing in the primary visual cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Response of isolated muscle of the human cervix to electrofield stimulation.

Contractile activity was registered isometrically in isolated strip biopsies from the uterine cervix of nonpregnant, early pregnant and term pregnant women, and the influence of electrofield stimulation (EFS) was studied. In the great majority of women an excitatory effect was observed, but occasionally an inhibitory response occurred. The excitatory effect of EFS was reduced and, in many cases, changed to inhibition during treatment with guanethidine and phenoxybenzamine. These inhibitory effects were not antagonized by treatment with propranolol, indicating that the responses were not mediated by beta-adrenoceptors. Tetrodotoxin reduced or abolished the excitatory effect of EFS. The data suggest that contractile activity of the human cervix is influenced by both adrenergic and nonadrenergic neurons, which remain intact throughout pregnancy. This innervation may be a central part of neuromuscular control systems which undergo important adaptive changes during pregnancy and in connection with parturition.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1988

Mumps with laboratory signs of subclinical pancreatitis may cause a disturbed beta-cell function.

Mumps epidemics are followed by sporadic cases of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We have studied beta-cell function in 11 subjects who had had a mumps infection. They had no clinical pancreatitis but were selected as they had abnormal pancreas iso-amylase values and/or glucosuria during the mumps virus infection. At the follow-up some years later the subjects were healthy. A few HbA1-values were noted in the upper part of the normal range. Total serum insulin values were normal, but the C-peptide values were low at first follow-up 1-3 years after infection in all but two patients. These values increased in 4/7 patients during the follow-up period but were subnormal in five subjects still 3-6 years after the infection. All five patients had HLA-DR 3 and/or 4. In 7 out of 11 patients islet cell surface antibodies could be demonstrated. Our results indicate that subclinical mumps pancreatitis may initiate a reaction towards the beta-cells recognized as subnormal C-peptide levels several years later in certain patients. This might contribute to manifest IDDM many years after infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Local prostaglandin F2 alpha injection for termination of ectopic pregnancy.

In nine women with unruptured ectopic pregnancy, prostaglandin F2 alpha was injected under laparoscopic control into the affected oviduct and in eight patients also into the ovary containing the corpus luteum. Termination of the pregnancy was achieved in all cases (in one at the second attempt), without complications. Fertility after this procedure needs to be compared with that after conventional surgery.

Abortifacient Agents↗