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Biomedical subjects

B Leclercq

Publications and source records attributed to B Leclercq.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Cardiotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. Apropos of a new case].

Five - Fluorouracil (5 FU) is widely used in oncology, especially in tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and in carcinoma of the breast. Its side effects (gastrointestinal, haematological, alopecia) are well known. However, its cardiac effects are not widely appreciated, despite an incidence similar to that observed with the anthracyclines (1.6% vs 2.2%) and a high mortality rate (12.5%). A new case of coronary insufficiency is reported illustrating the absence of a dose-effect relationship and the frequency of recurrence of symptoms when 5 FU is reintroduced even with coronary vasodilator therapy. The mechanism of cardiotoxicity in this case seems to be coronary spasm.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1984

Effects of age and diet on plasma lipid and glucose concentrations in genetically lean or fat chickens.

Three experiments were carried out to compare plasma lipid and glucose concentrations in genetically lean (LL) and fat (FL) male chickens. The fat birds always displayed lower glycemia than the lean ones, irrespective of the diet (low-fat or fatty) and nutritional state (fed or fasted). Conversely, triglyceridemia was higher in the fat than in the lean line, particularly in the fed condition. This difference was more pronounced in the birds fed on a low-fat diet and became still more marked as they aged. No consistent differences were found between the two lines as to cholesterolemia and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. Injections of Triton WR 1339 increased triglyceridemia; this effect tended to be more pronounced in the fat birds. The rate of increase of triglyceridemia did not plateau as the dose of Triton increased. The injection of Triton frequently led to convulsions and death. It is concluded that this model of genetic fatness is different from the monogenic models of mammalian obesity since hypertriglyceridemia was not systematic and was not associated with hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Plasma lipoprotein profile in fasted and refed chickens of two strains selected for high or low adiposity.

The plasma lipoprotein profile has been determined in fasted and refed 5-week-old male broilers selected for low or high adiposity. Lipoprotein classes were subfractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation, appearing as distinct bands with the following densities: very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), d less than 1.013 g/ml; low density lipoprotein (LDL), d 1.023-1.046 g/ml and high density lipoprotein (HDL), d 1.052-1.130 g/ml; the physiochemical characteristics (chemical composition, electrophoretic mobility and particle size) of these particles were then assessed. HDL, seen as a single band, represented 80% of total lipoproteins, with VLDL and LDL accounting for 1% and 16%, respectively, in fasted birds. Lipoprotein profiles were similar in fasted and refed animals of both lines, with the exception that VLDL levels were some 14-fold and 7-fold higher in the lean and fat lines, respectively, in the refed state. The VLDL of fasted birds of both lines were enriched in protein and relatively homogeneous in size; by contrast, VLDL in the refed state contained more triglyceride and less cholesteryl ester and protein and were larger and more heterogeneous, possibly representing a mixture of portomicrons and VLDL of hepatic origin. Birds of the fat line in both nutritional states differed from lean birds in exhibiting elevated plasma lipid and lipoprotein [VLDL, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and HDL] levels, evidence that liver activity is directed toward increased lipoprotein production and secretion in that line.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Adipose tissue metabolism and its control in birds.

At any age, with increases in body weight, the elevation in total lipid or abdominal fat is more than proportional to body weight. This observation explains why selection of broilers for rapid growth rate leads to excessive fat accumulation. Although adipocyte hyperplasia continues until 12 or 14 weeks of age, hypertrophia becomes increasingly important with age and the degree of fattening. The number of adipocytes appears to be correlated with body size, and the size of the adipocyte is closely related to the fat content of the live bird. The hormonal control of lipolysis involves a number of hormones and appears to be very complex. The increase in fat in adipose tissue is mainly due to hepatic lipogenesis. This review discusses the relative role of hormones in fat metabolism, some pecularities of insulin activity in birds, and the important functions of plasma lipoprotein and adipose lipoprotein lipase. A comparison of a fat line of chickens and mammalian models of obesity is also made.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of in vivo fatty acid synthesis of the genetically lean and fat chickens.

In vivo lipogenesis was studied in genetically lean or fat male chickens using tritiated water. Fatty acid synthesis was more pronounced in liver than in other tissues in both lines. Liver synthesis was 26% higher in fat birds than in lean. The liver of fat chickens were heavier than those of lean chickens. This difference was partly due to the triglyceride content of the fat line liver.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

The influence of dietary protein content on the performance of genetically lean or fat growing chickens.

Genetically lean or fat male chickens were fed from 3 to 8 weeks of age on four diets of different protein content: 152, 172, 191 or 211 g/kg. The two lower protein contents depressed growth of lean chickens but had no adverse effects on fat chickens. In both lines increasing dietary protein decreased food: gain ratio and abdominal fat desposition relative to live body weight. Protein deposited and the efficiency of utilisation of dietary protein were higher in all instances in lean birds.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

[Modified duodenal diversion in the treatment of esophagitis from bile reflux complicating an upper-pole gastrectomy].

A surgical technique is described which has been adapted from the operation known as "total duodenal diversion", but which is suitable for the anatomical conditions resulting from an upper pole gastrectomy. The method was used successfully in two patients with severe esophagitis from bile reflux resistant to all medical treatment and resulting from upper pole gastrectomies.

Bile Reflux↗
PubMed1982

The effects of age, dietary fat and bile salts, and feeding rate on apparent and true metabolisable energy values in chickens.

1. Apparent (AME) and true (TME) metabolisable energy values of four diets, containing 50 or 150 g animal fat or maize oil/kg, were estimated in young and adult chickens. The diets were given with and without a supplement of 5 g bile salts/kg. Three feeding rates, ad libitum, and 1/6th or 1/3rd of ad libitum were compared. 2. In younger birds, endogenous energy losses were higher when measured in starved birds than when estimated by regression analysis. 3. In young birds, feeding rate had no effect on AME of diets containing 50 g lipids/kg but it significantly affected TME. These results were reversed in adults. AME and TME values of diets containing 150 g lipids/kg were affected by the feeding rate in both young and adult birds. 4. Bile salts increased metabolisable energy values of diets containing high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and their effect was more pronounced in young birds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Longitudinal study of adiposity in chickens selected for high or low abdominal fat content: further evidence of a glucose-insulin imbalance in the fat line.

Selected fat (FL) or lean (LL) lines of chickens have been further studied. Total lipid and abdominal fat content and size of adipocytes isolated from the gizzard were significantly increased in both sexes of the fat line from 2 to 4 weeks of age onwards. The divergence in abdominal fat content was maximum at 9 weeks of age. Both in the fed and the fasted state, the plasma glucose level was lower in FL than in LL chickens, at hatching and shortly after. This was not, however, associated with higher plasma insulin levels in FL chickens. At 2 weeks of age, insulin content of the pancreas did not differ. From 5-8 weeks of age after ad libitum refeeding or forced-feeding following a fast, plasma glucose increased to similar levels in both lines but in contrast, plasma insulin levels were largely enhanced in FL chickens. At 17 weeks of age, glucose clearance was faster in FL chickens and associated with a slightly (although nonsignificant) higher insulin release. In eggs laid by FL hens, yolk weight was disproportionately increased and albumen glucose content was decreased. During the last third of embryonic development, plasma glucose levels were similar in both lines at the F4 generation and in contrast lower in the FL embryos at the F5 generation. The physiological situation of FL chickens appears therefore very similar to short-lived preobese state observed in mammals.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

The effects of endogenous energy, type of diet, and addition of bile salts on true metabolizable energy values in young chicks.

A trial was carried out using 3-week-old chickens of a commercial breed to study the effects of either a fat-free diet or a diet containing 150 g/kg of animal fat on the endogenous energy losses measured with starved birds. The effects of the addition of different levels of bile salts to such diets and the accuracy of true metabolizable energy (TME) with respect to the other modes of expression of metabolizable energy were also examined. The excreted endogenous energy values were shown to vary not only according to the type of diet (P less than .01) but also in relation to the dietary intake level (P less than .01). Because it is directly related to endogenous energy, TME proved to be an inaccurate parameter in young chicks unless values were corrected for N-balance. If the values of both apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and TME are corrected for N-balance, they are normally comparable and independent of the dietary intake level if the diet contains virtually no added fat. These findings indicate that most of the endogenous excreta are composed of nitrogenous metabolites. However, neither AME nor TME values of fat-rich diets are independent of dietary intake. The addition of bile salts had no effect on the metabolizable energy values of the fat-free diet. However, in the case of the diet rich in saturated fats, they compensated either for insufficient bile secretion or for endogenous bile salts degraded by the intestinal microflora. Thus, the digestive utilization of dietary fat, especially that of the saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids, was increased. In addition, metabolizable energy was significantly improved (P less than .01) by the addition of bile salts when the dietary intake level increased to the ad libitum level.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Evidence of a glucose-insulin imbalance and effect of dietary protein and energy level in chickens selected for high abdominal fat content.

Effects of dietary protein or energy level on growth and physiological parameters were investigated in growing chickens selected for high (fat line, FL) or low (lean line, LL) abdominal fat but similar body weight. The FL birds deposited consistently more abdominal fat (about two-fold) and had poorer feed conversion, irrespective of diet. Increasing the ratio of energy to protein increased fat deposition similarly but at different levels. Body weight and feed consumption showed only minor and inconsistent differences and feed consumption following a fast and body temperature in the fed or the fasted-state showed no differences between lines. Fasting plasma glucose levels were similar for both lines at hatching but consistently lower in FL birds thereafter. This was matched by higher fasting plasma insulin levels. A similar relationship was also observed in fed FL birds at 2 weeks of age. Glucose disposal rate was faster in FL birds at 4 and 6 weeks but normal by 8 weeks. The glucose-induced insulin release was higher in FL birds at 6 and 8 weeks, indicating a normal sensitivity to insulin at a young age, with the development of a tissue insulin resistance by 8 weeks of age. The primary mechanism responsible for the fattening of FL birds appears therefore to be greater insulin release from the pancreas of the FL birds soon after hatching.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Lipid and energy metabolism in chicks affected by dwarfism (dw) and Naked-neck (Na).

In two experiments, sister pairs of chicks, one dwarf (dw) and one nondwarf (Dw+), were reared in individual cages to 5 weeks of age. Chicks carrying the sex-linked recessive dw gene were identified at hatching by the closely linked fast feathering gene (k). The dwarf chicks showed a 27% reduction in weight gain, a reduced body temperature, increased carcass content of lipid, and increased lipid 14C activity from injected 14C-labeled acetate. The augmented accumulation of carcass lipid in the dwarf chicks was shown to be a result of increased lipogenesis and decreased energy expenditure. An autosomal dominant gene for naked-neck (Na), present in half of the pairs of chicks, also caused increased lipogenesis. Naked-neck birds showed increased energy expenditure in a cool environment and perhaps a greater flexibility of body temperature regulation. An interaction between the dw and Na genes was apparent under cool environmental conditions and may have been due to a suppression by the dw gene of the Na gene's effect on thermoregulation, possibly by slowing down lipid degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The influence of three days or three weeks of force feeding on the transport of plasma lipids in young female chickens (Gallus gallus L.).

1. Ten-week old broiler females were force-fed (FF) for 3 days or 3 weeks. 2. Control livers were lighter in weight and contained less total lipid, neutral lipid and phospholipid than either FF group, which did not differ. 3. Radioactivity incorporated into liver neutral lipid fractions from 1-[14C]acetate injection was greater in birds FF 3 weeks than controls. Those FF 3 days were intermediate. In all groups, the triglyceride fraction contained 90-94% of isolated radioactivity, the cholesterol fraction 4-8% and the cholesterol ester fraction 1-2%. 4. Plasma lipids were elevated in the birds FF for 3 weeks, but not in those FF 3 days. After injection of 1-[14C]acetate, plasma lipid specific radioactivities were not different between the 3 groups at 20 and 60 min post injection, but were greater in the controls at 120 min.

Animals↗