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Biomedical subjects

B Lebeau

Publications and source records attributed to B Lebeau.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Rapid identification of Candida albicans: evaluation of "Rapidec albicans". Study of 444 yeast strains].

Rapid identification of Candida albicans is of great importance as it is the most frequently isolated yeast pathogen. Rapidec albicans, a new 2-h micromethod, performs two fluorescent enzymatic activities: hexosaminidase and proline arylamidase. A total of 444 yeast strains (334 from type culture collections and 110 from recent clinical isolates) were tested. The sensitivity was 98.5% and the specificity 95.8%. When only considering the clinical strains, 47/47 Candida albicans were identified by Rapidec albicans (sensitivity 100%) but only 43/47 by the germ tube test (sensitivity 91.5%). The specificities of the two tests were respectively 98.2% and 100%. This new system is therefore very efficient for the routine diagnosis of Candida albicans in the clinical field. It is easier and quicker than the germ tube test.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1991

[Monitoring of small cell bronchopulmonary cancer by bronchial biopsies].

This retrospective study of 149 patients with small cell lung cancer highlights the value of bronchial endoscopies combined with biopsies for the follow-up of these cases. A control endoscopy performed during the third month showed that macroscopic lesions had completely disappeared in 42 percent of the patients. Each subsequent endoscopy offered a probability rising from 20 to 50 percent of diagnosing a recurrence in the patients explored. Our study particularly demonstrates the usefulness of bronchial biopsy at the initial site of the lesion, even when the bronchial mucosa seems to have returned to normal, since this biopsy is positive in 4.5 percent of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Granulo-monocyte growth factors. Their value in pneumonologic oncologic practice].

Granulo-monocytic growth factors are important members of the family of growth factors which alter the biological response. These factors are glycoproteins and are hormones regulating the production of haematopoietic cells and show their adaptation to possible needs. There are four which are currently well recognised; they are now grouped collectively under the term colony-stimulating factor and of these two, GM-CSF and G-CSF are available thanks to genetic engineering and have reached the stage of therapeutic trials. It is essentially the treatment of solid tumours which should lead to the most profound changes in the current management of cytotoxic drugs because they may allow an increase of the dose and a shortening of the duration of the phase of neutropenia and thus the infection risk. In therapeutic pneumonology they would be able to be used as an adjuvant to chemotherapy in small cell cancers and available in protocols using polychemotherapy with a risk of marrow suppression, indeed even permitting the practice of intensified chemotherapy regimes with or without the support of bone marrow graft. However the clinical experience acquired using growth factors remains limited and is almost exclusively restricted to the haematological domain. Although the secondary effects appear tolerable their harmlessness--and notably the absence of a stimulating effect on tumour growth--remains to be shown before extension of their use will lead to any changes of therapeutic strategies.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Wegener's granulomatosis. Therapeutic indications and follow-up course. Apropos of 5 cases].

Five cases of Wegener's granulomatosis treated with cyclophosphamide (CPM) and prednisolone are reported. Four of these patients received intermittent intravenous boluses of cyclophosphamide with the aim of improving the prognosis and renal function and at the same time to attenuate any haematological or vesical toxicity of CPM. The initial response to treatment by boluses of CPM was favourable in all cases but three patients presented with relapses, which were sometimes repeated and boluses of CPM did not enable a remission to be maintained at the time. Recourse to continuous oral therapy in place of bolus therapy proved viable for the maintenance of remission in two cases. The bladder and haematological tolerance to the bolus was satisfactory but an episode of severe neutropenia led to an adaptation of the dose of CPM. The intermittent administration above all the low cumulative dose of CPM obtained with the boluses will explain the better vesical and haematological tolerance observed depending on the capacity to maintain a prolonged remission. The indications for boluses of CPM in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis remain uncertain and do not seem to be totally without inconvenience.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a patient with HIV infection].

The authors describe a case of toxoplasmosis occurring in a subject who is HIV positive who presented with a cough and an infectious syndrome. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in the broncho-alveolar lavage even though the X-ray, the fibroscopy, blood gases and the broncho-alveolar lavage were normal. The frequency of pulmonary disease in the course of a toxoplasma infection in HIV subjects was underlined. Amongst the non invasive diagnostic methods the authors stress the value of broncho-alveolar lavage with a close search for toxoplasma even in the absence of any suggestive paraclinical anomalies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Filarial eosinophilic lung. Apropos of a case].

Pulmonary eosinophilia due to filariasis is a form of filarial infection which is frequent in endemic zones but very much rarer in Europe where it is always "imported". In this case report the authors specify the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Failure of the perioperative PCV neoadjuvant polychemotherapy in resectable bronchogenic non-small cell carcinoma. Results from a randomized phase II trial.

In 1985, the authors began a phase II study to assess the PCV perioperative polychemotherapy (cisplatin 100 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2, vindesine 3 mg/m2) in patients with resectable bronchogenic non-small cell carcinoma. Patients were randomized to receive either two preoperative courses of PCV chemotherapy, surgery, and two postoperative courses of PCV chemotherapy (PCV group) or immediate surgery (surgery group). A staging procedure using the CT scan was performed before randomization and, additionally, before surgery in the PCV group. There were 26 randomized patients, 13 in each group. In the PCV group, 11 patients agreed to receive the two preoperative courses of chemotherapy. A response was observed in five patients (45%), and a progression was observed in four patients (36%) leading to a cancellation of surgery in two of them. Postoperative care was the same for each group. Although no death could be related to chemotherapy, it was decided to stop entering new patients into this trial because of the rate of preoperative progression in the PCV group.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy: a five year experience in outpatients.

Transbronchial biopsy is the technique of choice for obtaining tissue for histological diagnosis in many pulmonary disorders. The procedure has usually been carried out as an inpatient procedure with the use of fluoroscopy, though this policy has recently been questioned. This report concerns a five year experience of 174 transbronchial biopsies performed without fluoroscopy as an outpatient procedure in patients with interstitial lung disease or a suspicion of sarcoidosis. Chest radiography was carried out only if the patient developed symptoms. No major complications were encountered and the overall complication rate was low. Pneumothorax occurred in six patients (3.4%), only one of whom required intercostal intubation, and bleeding of more than 30 ml occurred in two patients. Histological diagnosis was obtained in 154 patients (88%). In the experience of this group transbronchial biopsy has been safe when carried out as an outpatient procedure without fluoroscopic guidance.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[Antifungigram: interpretation and choice of a technic].

Identification and in vitro susceptibility testing of fungi is necessary mainly in immunocompromised patients. So, after a survey of the epidemiological results, the authors specified the indications of susceptibility tests; their advantages and difficulties and the lots of variations related to the fungus, drug, medium and technic. The authors compared the more recent methods from their experience: susceptibility to 6 antifungals (amphotericin B, flucytosine and 4 imidazoles) was estimated in 122 yeast strains isolated from deep specimens by 5 marketed technics. They got a good correlation between Mycototal and Antifongigramme Pasteur, but the two other technics (Mycodisk and Neosensitabs) frequently showed unreliable results.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Dosage adjustment of metoclopramide for controlling vomiting induced by cisplatin: pharmacokinetic approach].

Ten patients under cisplatin-containing chemotherapeutic regimens received constant rate continuous infusions of metoclopramide in doses adjusted to each individual case for optimal plasma concentration. Dosage adjustment was based on simple pharmacokinetics with determination of metoclopramide distribution and elimination values in each patient. From these values were calculated the individual loading and maintenance dosages required to obtain the sustained plasma concentration of 0.85 mg/l reported in the literature as being correlated with a good antiemetic effectiveness. The mean plasma concentration in the 10 patients studied was 0.84 +/- 0.19 mg/l with doses which varied considerably owing to marked scattering of pharmacokinetic parameters. Treatment was effective in 6 out of 10 patients and well tolerated by all.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Pulmonary and cerebral aspergillosis in Burkitt's lymphoma].

Multiple intracerebral aspergillus abscesses in a 5 year old boy with a Burkitt's lymphoma are described. The disease was fatal despite antifungal treatment. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems, the risk factors and preventive care are discussed.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Global approach to the treatment of small cell bronchial cancers].

320 patients were included in a trial fo chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide/adriamycin/etoposide/CCNU. A first randomization tested the effect of acetyl-salicylic acid as an anti-aggregant agent. The second randomization studied the result of maintenance chemotherapy. Patients were treated by prophylactic central nervous system irradiation. The results are analyzed according to different prognostic factors such as age, performance status, histological pattern and the center.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Initial clinical and paraclinical findings in 304 small cell broncho-pulmonary cancers of the 01 PC 83 trial].

Three hundred and four cases of small cell lung cancer diagnosed histologically were included in a randomised multi-centre trial (23 centres) from 1st January 1983 to the 30 September 1985, with no clinical criteria for exclusion. The clinical and laboratory data were taken from the initial assessment of the patients in the trial, and were compared with those in the literature. The sex ratio was 10:1, only 27 were women (9%) and all were less than 70. The mean aged was 60 +/- 10 (extremes 33 to 84 years) and 80% of the population was from 40 to 70 years. Tobacco consumption was virtually constant, only 7 were non-smokers and 7% of patients smoked less than 20 packs/year; indeed consumption was very heavy with a mean of 44 +/- 23 packs/years. 14% of cases were discovered on systematic radiological examination, but 39% of these asymptomatic patients already had disseminated disease. For the 304 patients overall, despite a very variable degree of dissemination from one patient and one centre to another, 163 (54%) had disseminated disease at the outset and 141 (46%) were apparently localised. The initial metastases were often multiple: extra-thoracic nodes (21%), hepatic (23%), osseous (20%), bone marrow (23%), cerebral (9%), and others (9%); these frequencies are underestimated in view of the fact that the investigations were not over-extensive. The serum carcino embryonic antigen levels were abnormal in 32% of cases. Fibroscopy remains the main diagnostic method to provide the histological proof for 90% of patients, but 4% had thoracotomies (of whom 3% were diagnostic thoracotomies).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗