[Headache among the young is more frequent than thought. Promising methods in tension headache].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
B Larsson
Publications and source records attributed to B Larsson.
The possible use of a spallation neutron source for neutron capture therapy with epithermal neutrons.
Spallation is induced in a heavy material by 72-MeV protons. The resulting neutrons can be characterized by an evaporation spectrum with a peak energy of less than 2 MeV. The neutrons are moderated in two steps: first in iron and then in carbon. Results from neutron fluence measurements in a perspex phantom placed close to the moderator are presented. Monte Carlo calculations of neutron fluence in a water phantom are also presented under some chosen configurations of spallation source and moderator. The calculations and measurements are in good agreement and show that, for proton currents of less than 0.5 mA, useful thermal-neutron fluences are attainable in the depth of the brain. However, the dose contribution from the unavoidable gamma background component has not been included in the present investigation.
Boron↗
Depressive symptoms in Swedish adolescents.
This study examined the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms in a Swedish urban school sample (n = 547) aged 13 to 18 years using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The data obtained were examined with respect to sex and age differences and compared with a clinical sample of adolescents hospitalized because of psychiatric disturbances. The results indicated a strong preponderance of depressive symptoms among girls in the school sample, in particular for the severe symptom level. Eight percent of subjects reported depressive symptoms sufficiently high to be classified as a moderate, and 2% as a severe, level of depression. Factor analysis yielded four factors representing dysphoric mood, social activity, relationship, and food-related dimensions. The BDI showed a high internal consistency, and test-retest reliability calculated for a 2-week and a 2-month interval revealed strong correlations. The means of total scores on the BDI for the clinical sample were significantly higher than for those in the school sample.
Adolescent↗
Temporary peripartal impairment in memory and attention and its possible relation to oxytocin concentration.
The aim of the present study was to investigate peripartal performance on cognitive tests and its possible relationship with plasma oxytocin concentrations. Twenty women (cases) were tested on five experimental occasions, the first toward the end of pregnancy and the last 12 months postpartum. On each experimental occasion performance on cognitive tests of memory and attention was recorded and oxytocin concentrations were simultaneously assayed in plasma-samples. Twenty non-pregnant women (controls) were investigated at similar intervals. Cases were found to have improved their performance on some cognitive tests significantly more than controls when results at 6 and 12 months after delivery were compared with those from the end of pregnancy and up to three months after partus. This observation strongly suggests impairment in cognitive performance during the peripartal period. Cases had significantly higher oxytocin concentrations than controls in plasma samples up to three months post partum. No correlation was, however, found between cognitive test results and levels of oxytocin concentration.
Adult↗
In vitro production of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle immunized by infection.
A method for in vitro production of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was developed. The PBMC were cultured in microtitre plates coated with detergent-solubilized BVDV and the supernatants were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which detects IgG antibodies to BVDV. Following incubation of PBMC with an optimal concentration of pokeweed mitogen for 5 days, antibodies to BVDV were detected in culture supernatants of PBMC from immune cattle, but not in supernatants of PBMC from seronegative cattle, from persistently BVDV-infected cattle or from a 5-day-old calf that received BVDV antibodies via colostrum. This antibody-production assay may therefore be used as a tool to discriminate between passively acquired antibodies and those actively induced.
Animals↗
Nerve-mediated functions in the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the proximal female rabbit urethra.
In the present study, nerve mediated functions in the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the female rabbit urethra were characterized. Based on light microscopic findings, the interest was focused on the proximal third of the organ. A microsurgical dissection technique was developed, allowing separation of the two muscle layers. The following studies were carried out: functional in vitro investigations including exogenous application of drugs and electrical field stimulation, investigations of the release of 3H-noradrenaline (NA), and autoradiography for visualization of muscarinic receptors. The results can be summarized as follows: the adrenergic nervous influence, which was mediated mainly via alpha 1-adrenoceptors, dominated the contractile response of the circular layer and contributed significantly to the contraction of the longitudinal layer. A previously described fast, non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic response was found in the circular muscle layer. This response should probably be ascribed to striated muscle with a different innervation and/or structure than skeletal muscle in general. Muscarinic cholinoceptors were abundant in the outer parts of the urethral wall and decreased in density in luminal direction. A significant cholinergic contractile component was demonstrated in the longitudinal muscle. A non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve-mediated relaxant response was found in both layers, although more pronounced in the circular one. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide completely relaxed both circular and longitudinal preparations contracted by noradrenaline. A possible basis for an interaction between adrenergic and cholinergic nerve endings was demonstrated in the circular muscle layer. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors on the adrenergic nerve endings markedly reduced the release of 3H-NA. The present results support the findings in previous studies on circularly and longitudinally oriented full-thickness preparations of the female urethra and further underline the differences in structure, innervation and receptor functions between the different muscle layers of the urethral wall.
Adrenergic Fibers↗
A new surgical technique for repairing cystocele in hysterectomized women.
No satisfactorily efficient surgical procedure for correction of cystocele subsequent to hysterectomy has so far been described. Anterior colporrhaphy generally is associated with risk of relapse, since no fibrous tissues or ligaments are available for sufficient fixation to the anterior pelvic wall. In the present study, a new surgical procedure was used, simultaneously performed transabdominally and vaginally by two surgeons. The elevated bladder was fixed without sutures to the posterior retropubic periosteum and to the lower abdominal wall by a two-component fibrin sealant (Tisseel, Immuno AB, Stockholm, Sweden) after invagination of the cystocele. Postoperatively, the vagina was tamponed for 12 hours, and a Foley catheter was used for 4-5 days. Antibiotics were administered for 7 days. This technique has been evaluated in nine patients. The procedure was found easy to perform and well tolerated by the patients. During the observation time 0.5-4 years, no relapse has been registered. This surgical procedure also proved to prevent postoperative stress incontinence, previously concealed by the cystocele.
Adult↗
Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with phytosterols.
In a randomised, double-blind study, the preparation Curbicin, obtained from pumpkin seeds and dwarf palm plants (Cucurbita pepo L. and Sabal serrulata), was compared with a placebo in the treatment of symptoms caused by prostatic hyperplasia; 53 patients took part in the study, which was carried out over a 3-month period. Urinary flow, micturition time, residual urine, frequency of micturition and a subjective assessment of the effect of treatment were all significantly improved in the treatment group. No untoward side effects were noted.
Aged↗
Recurrent tension headache in adolescents treated with self-help relaxation training and a muscle relaxant drug.
Forty-eight adolescents suffering from recurrent tension headache participated in a controlled trial conducted in a high school setting. During the first treatment phase self-help relaxation training was compared with a waiting-list group. Following this phase a pharmacological regimen consisting of a muscle relaxant (chlormezanone) and placebo was superimposed on relaxation therapy in a double-blind crossover design. Each treatment phase encompassed a 5-week period. In addition to the evaluation of headache complaints, psychological distress among students was measured with respect to their experience of somatic complaints, depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms. Although self-help relaxation training significantly decreased the severity and annoyance of adolescents' headache besides their somatic complaints, the clinical improvement of headache was modest. The addition of chlormezanone did not help those who were nonresponders to self-help relaxation training. Finally, a set of pretreatment variables consisting of baseline headache severity and annoyance, experience of anxiety and daily life stress among adolescents could predict outcome of self-help relaxation therapy.
Adolescent↗
Influence of renal sympathectomy, sodium depletion and prostaglandin synthetase inhibition on prostaglandin production and [3H]PGE2 binding characteristics in rat kidney.
The effects of renal sympathectomy (unilateral, renal microsurgical denervation), sodium depletion (hypovolaemia) and prostaglandin synthetase inhibition on the rate of prostaglandin synthesis and [3H]PGE2 binding characteristics were studied in the rat kidney. The intrarenal rate of prostaglandin synthesis was measured by monitoring the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable hydration product of prostacyclin. Dietary sodium restriction was associated with a 99% decrease in urinary sodium excretion (P less than 0.001) and a 17% decrease of urine volume (n.s.). Renal denervation or sodium deprivation changed neither the rate of excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha nor the density or affinity of [3H]PGE2 binding sites as compared to control. However, in sodium-depleted rats, prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, induced by naproxen, decreased the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by 40% (P = 0.011) and increased the number of [3H]PGE2 binding sites by almost 30% (P = 0.031) with no change in binding affinities as compared with sodium-depleted controls. In contrast, sulindac was not able to suppress the renal synthesis and excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and did not modulate the [3H]PGE2 binding characteristics. The lack of effect on the excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and on the [3H]PGE2 binding characteristics supports the view that sulindac spares renal prostaglandin synthesis.
Animals↗
Prostaglandin E2 binding sites in human renal tissue: characterization and localization by radioligand binding and autoradiography.
The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binding site in human kidney was characterized in membrane preparations from cortex, outer medulla and inner medulla using radioligand binding techniques. The localization of the binding sites for [3H]PGE2 was visualized autoradiographically. In the membrane suspensions, the highest level of specific [3H]PGE2 binding was detected in the outer medulla (Bmax = 335 +/- 28 fmol mg-1 protein) followed by the inner medulla (Bmax = 258 +/- 21 fmol mg-1 protein) and the cortex (Bmax = 143 +/- 22 fmol mg-1 protein). The binding was of high affinity with KD values between 3.7 and 6.2 nM in the various regions. Unlabelled prostaglandins competed for the [3H]PGE2 binding sites in the following rank order of potency: PGE2 approximately PGE1 greater than PGF2 alpha approximately PGA2 greater than PGB2 greater than PGI2 approximately PGD2. Autoradiographs revealed that a high density of [3H]PGE2 (2 nM) binding sites were located on the distal tubule, particularly on the thick ascending limbs of Henle. Lower densities of [3H]PGE2 binding sites were found on the medullary collecting ducts and possibly on the thin loops of Henle. In contrast, no specific [3H]PGE2 binding could be found on the proximal tubule, glomeruli or on blood vessels. This distribution is in accordance with the assumed site of action for the salt and water regulatory function of PGE2.
Aged↗
Biochemical characterization and autoradiographic localization of [3H]PGE2 binding sites in rat kidney.
Specific binding sites for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in membranes obtained from whole kidney and from different areas of rat renal tissue were identified and quantified by in-vitro radioligand binding and localized by autoradiography. Analysis of the [3H]PGE2 binding by Scatchard plots revealed a single class of high-affinity binding sites in the whole kidney (KD = 5.1 +/- 0.4 nM; Bmax = 75 +/- 9 fmol mg-1 protein), the cortex (KD = 6.1 +/- 0.5 nM; Bmax = 58 +/- 5 fmol mg-1 protein) and the outer medulla (KD = 3.3 +/- 0.3 nM; Bmax = 376 +/- 59 fmol mg-1 protein). No reproducible Scatchard plots could be obtained in the inner medulla. PGE1 was equipotent with PGE2 in inhibiting [3H]PGE2 binding, whereas PGA2, PGB2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2 were 10- to 1000-fold less potent. Autoradiographs revealed sparse or no binding in glomeruli, proximal tubules or blood vessels. The pattern of distribution of [3H]PGE2 binding was consistent with the anatomical localization of the distal tubule and in particular the thick ascending limbs of Henle. Based on the distribution and cellular localization of the [3H]PGE2 binding sites, our data support the hypothesis that the physiological role of PGE2 receptors is coupled to the regulation of sodium transport across segments of the distal tubule.
Animals↗
Contractile effects of endothelin-1 and localization of endothelin binding sites in rabbit lower urinary tract smooth muscle.
In isolated rabbit bladder and urethral smooth muscle, endothelin-1 caused concentration-related, slowly developing contractions that were difficult to wash out. Relative to contractions induced by K+ (124 mM), contractions in bladder preparations reached a higher amplitude than in urethral preparations. There was a marked tachyphylaxis to the effects of the peptide. The endothelin-1-induced contractions were not significantly affected by phentolamine or indomethacin in the urethra, or by scopolamine or indomethacin in the bladder. Incubation for 30 min in a Ca2(+)-free solution abolished the endothelin-1-induced contractions. Nifedipine did not affect the actions of endothelin-1 in the urethra but had a marked inhibitory action on its effects in the bladder. In the presence of endothelin-1, Ca2(+)-induced contractions were significantly blocked by nifedipine in the bladder but not in the urethra. Urethral preparations at resting tension responded to electrical stimulation by tetrodotoxin-sensitive, frequency-dependent contractions sensitive to alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. Pretreatment with endothelin-1 (10(-9) M) produced a significant increase in the nerve-induced contractions but had no significant effect on contractions induced by exogenous noradrenaline. Endothelin-1 did not affect spontaneous or stimulation-induced efflux of 3H-labelled noradrenaline in urethral smooth muscle. Preparations contracted by endothelin-1 were frequency-dependently relaxed by electrical stimulation. The peptide had no significant effect on the responses induced by electrical stimulation in the bladder preparations. In both bladder and urethra, [125]endothelin-1 binding sites were found mainly in the outer longitudinal muscle layer, in vessels and in the submucosa. The highest density of binding sites appeared to be in vessels and the outer muscle layer in both types of muscle. The results suggest that in the rabbit both bladder and urethral smooth muscle contain binding sites for endothelin. The peptide has contractant effects dependent on extracellular calcium in both types of tissue, but voltage-operated calcium channels seem to involved in activation only of bladder smooth muscle. The functional importance of endothelin-1 in the rabbit lower urinary tract remains to be elucidated.
Animals↗
Short-term maximal electrical stimulation--a conservative treatment of urinary incontinence.
Seventeen women with stress and 20 with motor-urge urinary incontinence were treated ambulatorily with short-term maximal electrical stimulation. The duration of the treatment was 20 min daily for 12 weeks. According to the patients' subjective evaluation, two thirds were improved. A markedly diminished leakage of urine (greater than 50% by use of pad test) was found in 6 out of 17 women with stress, and in 13 out of 20 women with motor-urge urinary incontinence. There were no significant differences observed in urodynamic parameters between the registrations performed before and after the present electrical stimulation therapy.
Adult↗
Sulprostone, a synthetic PGE2 analogue in first trimester abortion. Clinical efficacy and influence on serum progesterone of different single doses.
First trimester legal abortions were induced in 20 patients by i.m. injection of a single dose of 1,000, 1,200 or 1,500 micrograms of sulprostone. Complete expulsion of the conceptus within 24 h occurred in 16 of the women. There was a tendency to a higher rate of complete expulsion, as well as gastrointestinal side effects, at higher dosages. No association was found between the completeness of expulsion and the patients' serum progesterone levels before or after sulprostone injection.
Abortifacient Agents↗
Dextran--later clinical studies. Clinical and experimental evaluation of different adjuvant therapies.
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Animals↗
[Successful surgical treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism].
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Acute Disease↗
[A boy suffering from SLT associated hemolytic uremic syndrome].
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Bacterial Toxins↗