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Biomedical subjects

B L Chang

Publications and source records attributed to B L Chang.

101 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Generalized expectancy, situational perception, and morale among institutionalized aged.

This article was based on a larger study which sought to identify selected personality and situational variables that contribute to high morale of the institutionalized elderly. The relationship of generalized expectancy of control and perceived situational control to morale of the institutionalized aged was examined within a framework developed for the study. Locus of control, self-report, trust, self-rated health, and the Revised Philadelphia Geriatric Morale scales as well as a situational control of daily activities (SCDA) interview schedule were administered individually to 30 residents, aged 65 to 96, in four skilled nursing facilities. Congruence between internal orientation and self-determined SCDA resulted in higher morale than incongruence; however, congruence between external orientation and other-determined situations resulted in lower morale than incongruence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CANDI. Development of the automated nursing assessment tool.

This article describes the results of the first phase of an interdisciplinary project to develop an expert system to aid in nursing diagnosis. The overall system, called CANDI (Computer Aided Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention), is reviewed briefly, and development of the automated (computerized) assessment guide is described in detail. Lessons learned from initial evaluation of the system, and the resulting modifications, also are discussed along with preparations for the next phase--development of the knowledge base.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computer program to support patient assessment and clinical decision-making in nursing education.

This article reports on the development of a computer program for the recording of patient assessments performed by graduate nursing students. This program is part of a larger effort called Computer-Aided Research in Nursing (CARIN) that will also be used for data collection and retrieval. This article describes two phases of the current project. Other nursing diagnosis programs in existence are briefly reviewed, and formulation of the two initial steps of the nursing process, assessment and nursing diagnosis, are described.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
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Adherence to health care regimens among elderly women.

This study examined selected components of nurse practitioners' care to determine which contributed most to the intent to adhere to the care plan. High and low levels of components of care (technical quality, psychosocial, and patient participation) were depicted by videotapes of a patient visit to a nurse practitioner. The videotapes were randomly selected and shown in 26 senior citizen nutrition centers in a metropolitan area. Elderly women indicated how likely they would be to adhere if they had been the patient in the tape. High psychosocial care was the only component significantly related to intent to adhere; however, the significance did not hold in an analysis of covariance when individual characteristics were controlled. Individual characteristics related to high intent to adhere were widowed marital status, religion, perceived importance of the examination, social network, and preexisting satisfaction with health care.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concurrent validity of a rule-based system.

The purpose of this project was to test the concurrent validity of the diagnoses recommended by a rule-based expert system. Concurrent validity was determined first by comparing the expert system's computerized diagnostic recommendations with that of a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS Assessor) who assessed the patient, and secondly by comparing the expert system's candidate diagnoses with those of a panel of 10 clinical nurse specialists (CNS Panel). The expert system rule base for generating diagnoses was programmed for some of the most common nursing diagnoses (Metzger & Hiltunen, 1987) including: alteration in comfort, acute pain; impaired physical mobility; sleep pattern disturbance; impairment of skin integrity and self-care deficit (bathing, feeding, toileting, and dressing). Activity intolerance and potential for infection were also programmed as diagnostic possibilities in the rule base.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal mortality and morbidity in a neonatal unit: impact of improved perinatal care in recent 10 years.

Analysis of the neonatal mortality record at the neonatal unit of Changhua Christian Hospital for the five-year period from 1989 to 1993 (period 2) is presented and compared with that of the period 1979-1983 (period 1). This retrospective study is to evaluate whether the mortality rate and causes of neonatal death are affected by the changing perinatal care environment in Changhua area. This study shows that the mortality rate of the all admitted babies was dramatically decreased in period 2 (18% vs 12.35%, P < 0.01) and the mortality rate of delivered babies in our hospital was significantly decreased in period 2, too. (32.74% vs 11.61%, P < 0.001). However, the mortality rate of the babies referred from other hospitals was not different between the two periods (12.30% vs 12.72%, P > 0.05). These results can be explained by the higher quality of prenatal and delivery care, higher standard of neonatal intensive care for the sick neonates in period 2 and a comprehensive transport system which was established in 1987. RDS, prematurity, sepsis, asphyxia (particularly MAS with PPHN) and congenital malformations were still the main causes of neonatal death in period 2. We suggested that prevention, early diagnosis and intervention of these disorders and regionalization of perinatal care with a more comprehensive transport system are mandatory in Changhua area.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing diagnoses for hospitalized patients with AIDS.

This study examined the reliability of nursing diagnoses identified from the medical records of 100 patients hospitalized for HIV disease on a 22-bed designated unit at a large metropolitan teaching hospital in Los Angeles. The diagnoses were identified in two ways: (a) staff nurses identified 16 different nursing diagnoses using preprinted care plans found in the medical records, with 2 to 9 problems per patient (M = 4.8, SD = 1.6) and (b) the nurse researcher-identified 45 different nursing diagnoses derived from defining characteristics documented in the medical records, with 1 to 9 identified problems per patient (M = 3.3, SD = 1.8). The most frequent problems identified were the same as those addressed in the clinical literature: pain, respiratory problems, nutritional deficits, and psychosocial concerns. The results of this study raise concerns about the limitations of nursing diagnosis research using existent data bases and the use of preprinted care plans.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of hospital structural and financial characteristics to mortality and length of stay in acute myocardial infarction patients.

This ex post facto correlational study reports the influence of eight hospital structural and financial characteristics on mortality and length of stay (LOS) in acute myocardial infarction patients in 373 California hospitals. Significant results include: registered nurse hours/patient day (RN hours/pt. day) were inversely related to mortality in bivariate and regression analyses and to LOS in regression analyses. Total operating expenses/patient day (TOE/pt. day) were positively related to mortality (regression analyses) and LOS (bivariate analysis). The authors discuss implications for research and administration.

California↗