[Weight control products].
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Appetite Depressants↗
Biomedical subjects
B L Chang
Publications and source records attributed to B L Chang.
Characterization of hydrogen bonding between selected barbiturates and polyethylene glycol 4000 by IR spectral analysis.
Several barbiturates and primidone were equilibrated with polyethylene glycol 4000 in pyridine. IR spectral properties of these samples indicate that seven disubstituted barbiturates complex with polyethylene glycol 4000 while five disubstituted barbiturates and two trisubstituted barbiturates as well as primidone do not. Forces responsible for complexation of barbiturates with polyethylene glycol 4000, as inferred from spectral data, consist of hydrogen bonds formed between N1 and N3 hydrogens of the barbiturate ring and two oxygen atoms of the --O--CH2CH2--O--moiety. Also, there appear to be three configurations of intermolecular hydrogen bonding sites between disubstituted barbiturates. Several factors affect the barbiturate-polyethylene glycol 4000 interaction, including the nature of the solvent, C5 substituents, the number of hydrogen bonds formed between reactants, and the 2-carbonyl group of the barbiturate ring. Complexes of polyethylene glycol 4000 with phenobarbital, butabarbital, and cyclobarbital are stable in water at 26 degrees or below, but complexes of polyethylene glycol 4000 with butethal, cyclopentenyl allylbarbituric acid, pentobarbital, and probarbital are not.
Barbiturates↗
Sterilization of selected colorants by cobalt-60.
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Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
GLC analysis of homatropine methylbromide in tablets and elixirs.
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Bromides↗
Complete analysis of levodopa capsules and tablets by GLC.
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Amino Acids↗
Factors affecting penetration of retrograde coronary venous injections into normal and ischemic canine myocardium: assessment by contrast echocardiography and digital angiography.
Ths experimental study described myocardial echo contrast enhancement through coronary venous injections. Retrograde administration of renografin was performed in 15 closed-chest dogs. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to study myocardial echo contrast enhancement before and after coronary artery occlusion. Digital subtraction venography was used to assess delivery, drainage and shunting of the retrograde injectate. Systolic/diastolic blood pressure in the great cardiac vein measured 7 +/- 3/1 +/- 0.6 mm Hg and increased to 29 +/- 11/5 +/- 3 after coronary sinus occlusion and to 55 +/- 2.3/15 +/- 12 mm Hg during coronary sinus contrast injection. Myocardial contrast echo appearance in a midpapillary left ventricular short axis cross-section was limited to the anteroseptal region, extending to 28.4 +/- 11.3% of the section circumference after great cardiac vein injections and 35.3 +/- 17% after coronary sinus injections (difference NS). After occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, great cardiac vein contrast injections resulted in opacification of 36.6 +/- 9.7% of the section circumference (N.S. vs preocclusion control) and opacified most, but not all asynergic segments. After occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery, myocardial echo contrast uptake was restricted to the septum and the anterior wall. The ischemic and asynergic posterolateral myocardial segments were not opacified. Digital subtraction coronary venography revealed rapid drainage of retrogradely injected contrast to the right atrium, in spite of coronary sinus balloon occlusion via venovenous anastomoses. Retrograde coronary venous contrast injections may help define myocardial regions which are accessible with retrograde coronary venous interventions.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
Mammography screening behavior in older women caregivers.
The purposes of this study are to explore older caregivers' mammography participation and the facilitators and barriers to mammography screening. Of the 52 older female caregivers with a mean age of 65 years (range 50-90) interviewed by telephone, 80.8% had had a mammogram within 12 months. Significant facilitators included health care provider recommendation and beliefs in the efficacy of treatment. Significant barriers included health care providers' failure to recommend mammograms, caregiver procrastination, fear of pain, and lack of symptoms. Caregivers with higher burden reported less frequent self- and provider-conducted breast examinations.
Aged↗
Cognitive-behavioral intervention for homebound caregivers of persons with dementia.
BACKGROUND: Family caregivers experience considerable stress in their management of specific behaviors of persons with dementia. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of an 8-week cognitive-behavioral (C-B) intervention tailored to the specific deficits of persons with dementia (PWDs) on selected outcomes for homebound caregivers and the functional status of the PWD. METHOD: The design was a two-group randomized trial with measures taken at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Subjects were 65 caregiver-care recipient dyads. A majority of the 65 female caregivers were spouses with a mean age of 66.5 years. Thirty-one women who received the C-B intervention were compared to 34 who received the attention-only (A-O) placebo telephone calls. Coping strategies, perceptions of caregiver burden and satisfaction, and emotional and physical health were assessed at the four points in time. RESULTS: Results indicated a time by group interaction in depression, with less depression in the C-B than the A-O group. Both groups experienced a significant reduction in anxiety, and a significant consistent decrease in satisfaction over time. Both groups also demonstrated decreased use of emotion-focused coping strategies. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a plausible effectiveness of the C-B intervention in preventing the progression of depression. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Self-care deficit with etiologies: reliability of measurement.
The purpose of the present study is to examine the reliability of items in an assessment guide for a specific diagnostic label, self-care deficit, and its etiologies/contributing factors. Subjects assessed were 30 patients from an acute orthopedic unit in a large medical center. First, an estimate of internal consistency as a measure of reliability was obtained for items measuring self-care deficit (Cronbach's alpha, 0.83). Second, inter-rater reliability was obtained for the formulation of complete diagnostic statements; that is, self-care deficit with etiologies. An 88% agreement was found with respect to the diagnosis self-care deficit, bathing related to immobility. Overall, agreement on the five most commonly found nursing diagnoses with their etiologies was 69%. The use of an assessment instrument that has reliability and validity may contribute to more accurate diagnostic decisions and impact on appropriate and effective nursing interventions. Further work on assessment parameters for both the diagnostic labels and their etiologies/contributing factors, and the linking of diagnoses to interventions is recommended.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Nursing diagnosis research: computer-aided research in nursing.
The authors describe the development of a research tool for studies on nursing diagnosis by the Computer-Aided Research in Nursing (CARIN) project. The tool, a computerized assessment guide, has reliable and valid items for the identification of patient problem areas. The patient information in the assessment guide, nursing diagnoses identified by the clinical nurse specialist, and a statistical interface are linked in a customized computer program for the CARIN project, providing a system capable of analyzing patient problems from several perspectives. The system provides an accurate assessment and subsequent analysis of patient problems, as well as large data sets. Implications for the future of nursing diagnosis research are discussed.
Humans↗
Predictive power of clinical indicators for self-care deficit.
PURPOSE: To describe the predictive power of a set of the best clinical indicators for the nursing diagnostic labels self-care deficit (SCD) and impaired physical mobility. METHODS: Patient assessment data (physical examination and interview) were obtained from 414 hospitalized patients. FINDINGS: Patients with the diagnostic label of self-care deficit were significantly older in age, had a greater number of nursing diagnoses, required greater assistance in activities of daily living, and were less mobile than those without the diagnostic label. While 18 of 32 clinical indicators were positively related to self-care deficit, five clinical indicators were sufficient to diagnose SCD. CONCLUSIONS: Further development of the method may be useful in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of nursing diagnoses.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutations in Korean patients with multiple sclerosis.
Several different mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sites for mutations of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) have been reported to be present in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To further study this association of LHON and MS in the Korean population, we tested 20 MS patients for the presence of mtDNA mutations at nucleotide (nt) 11778 in all 20 patients, and at nt 14484, nt 3460 and nt 15257 in 15, 12 and 12 patients, respectively. However, none of the MS patients exhibited any pathogenic LHON mtDNA mutations. In conclusion, we found no evidence for any association between MS and the LHON mutation in the Korean population.
Adolescent↗
Videotape intervention: producing videotapes for use in nursing practice and education.
The purpose of this article is to describe the process utilized to produce nursing-specific videotapes for application in clinical or educational settings. The three phases, pre-production, production and post-production, are exemplified with the description of the process used by the authors as they developed the Nurseline Video-Assisted Modeling Program (NuVAMP), a video intervention for caregivers of people with dementia that helps them to shape family members' behaviors in activities of daily living. The practical aspects of video production are emphasized, including script writing, budget development, and the video editing process.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Hyaloid vascular pattern in the human fetus.
The hyaloid vascular system of developing human eyeballs is studied to elucidate the relationship to the retinal vascular patterns. The process of the regression of the hyaloid vascular system in fetuses consisted of gradual shrinkage of the wall of the vessels with lessening of the lumen and eventually, thread-like acellular strands that remained as a consequence. The intercapillary bridge in the retinal vessel appeared to be a remnant of the degenerated vessel as in the hyaloid vascular system. At the ninth month of intra-uterine life, the regression of the hyaloid vascular system was almost complete.
Endothelium↗
Combined effect of polytetrafluoroethylene and 5-fluorouracil on delayed adjustable strabismus surgery.
PURPOSE: To determine a more reliable method for performing delayed suture adjustment to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions and delay the time of adjustment. METHODS: Thirty-two rabbit eyes were divided into three groups. After recession of the superior rectus muscle, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered beneath and over the superior rectus muscle in group 5-FU (12 eyes); polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 5-FU were administered in group P-f (10 eyes); and PTFE, 5-FU, and Viscoat (chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, Alcon Laboratories Inc, Fort Worth, Tex) were administered in group P-fv (10 eyes). Delayed adjustment was performed once on each superior rectus muscle at 1, 2, and 3 weeks postoperatively in group 5-FU and at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively in groups P-f and P-fv. The length and force for the adjustment and the degree of adhesions were recorded. RESULTS: The use of fluorouracil allowed adjustment to be delayed up to 1 week after surgery in three of four eyes. The combined use of PTFE and 5-FU or addition of Viscoat allowed adjustment to be delayed for up to 4 weeks after surgery in four of five eyes. CONCLUSION: The combined use of PTFE, 5-FU and Viscoat is useful for delaying suture adjustment in rabbit eyes.
Animals↗
Holmium:YAG laser thermokeratoplasty for astigmatism in rabbits.
BACKGROUND: Holmium:YAG laser thermokeratoplasty has generated considerable interest as a technique for correcting hyperopia. In this study, the effect of holmium:YAG laser on inducing astigmatism according to application patterns was evaluated. METHODS: An experimental study based on the results of astigmatic holmium:YAG laser thermokeratoplasty using the Summit OmniMed laser system (Summit Technology Inc, Waltham, Mass) in 36 rabbit eyes is presented. We divided the rabbits into four groups: arcuate, reverse arcuate, linear, and control group according to application patterns. All rabbits were followed for 3 months and cycloplegic refractive measurements were carried out. RESULTS: The average surgically induced astigmatism was 1.86 diopters (D) for the arcuate group, 2.93 D for the reverse arcuate group, and 1.31 D for the linear group. No significant complications related to the operation were noted. CONCLUSION: The reverse arcuate pattern of holmium:YAG laser thermokeratoplasty is most effective in inducing astigmatism in rabbits.
Animals↗
Bilateral optic neuritis in ankylosing spondylitis.
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Adult↗
Knowledge acquisition and knowledge representation in a rule-based expert system.
It is important to understand and describe how nurses make diagnostic decisions. This article describes the process by which knowledge is acquired and represented in a rule-based expert system for nursing diagnosis. Knowledge acquisition was obtained by tapping the expertise of clinical nurse specialists who were able to articulate the elements present in their diagnostic decisions. Knowledge representation was achieved using a commercially-available software package. VP Expert (Berkeley, CA). The clinical nurse specialists contributed many of the heuristics in the determination of self-care deficit as a nursing diagnosis. Three models of rules for the determination of self-care deficit, bathing are provided. These models represent a method for discriminating between levels of patient dependence. A description of rules that define specific causes, such as immobility are also included. They will be tested in the clinical setting.
Artificial Intelligence↗