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Biomedical subjects

B L Carter

Publications and source records attributed to B L Carter.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effect of antacids on phenytoin bioavailability.

Eight subjects were studied in a randomized crossover design to determine the effect of aluminum-magnesium hydroxide (AMH), calcium carbonate (CC), and aluminum hydroxide-magnesium trisilicate (AHMT) on the bioavailability of a single, 600-mg dose of phenytoin administered orally. Each subject received phenytoin alone on two separate occasions and phenytoin plus each of the three antacids on three other occasions. Each antacid was administered as 160 mEq at 1 and 3 hr after each meal and at bedtime on the day phenytoin was given. The mean area under the curve (AUC) was significantly decreased by AMH (p less than 0.005) and CC (p less than 0.05). AHMT had a similar trend but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.1). Large inter- and intrasubject variability in AUC was observed when phenytoin was administered alone. In two subjects, cumulative urinary 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin at 72 hr (HPPH72) was determined. The amount of HPPH recovered had similar trends as the AUC with antacid treatments but not the same magnitude. In this study, antacids altered not only the extent of absorption but also appeared to alter the rate of absorption. Antacids administered in a peptic ulcer regimen may decrease the AUC of a single dose of phenytoin. Patients should be cautioned against concomitant use of antacids and phenytoin.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Monitoring digoxin therapy in two long-term facilities.

Digoxin monitoring was examined according to 13 criteria in two nursing homes: 1) an intermediate care facility (ICF) with private physicians, and 2) a skilled care (SCF) plus ICF with 3 housestaff physicians from a identify all patients receiving digoxin, 2) evaluate dosage patterns, 3) evaluate monitoring patterns, and 4) detect possible toxic reactions and determine whether management was appropriate. The calculated correct dosage of digoxin in both ICFs. More frequent monitoring of serum creatinine and potassium levels was associated with fewer symptoms of toxicity. Possible toxicity occurred in 46 percent of the SCF and in 68 and 71 percent of patients in the ICFs. Documented toxicity occurred in 18 percent of the SCF patients and in 16 and 10 percent of the ICF patients. Eighty percent of patients who had symptoms of digoxin toxicity were not examined or managed appropriately in the SCF, and 43 and 33 percent in the ICFs. Often standing orders had been assigned for drugs to treat nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. A number of possible drug interactions with digoxin were discovered. The participation of the pharmacist in nursing home care is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Phenytoin-induced hyperglycemia.

A case of diabetic ketoacidosis in a 64-year-old black woman with maturity-onset diabetes receiving phenytoin for a seizure disorder is reported. The woman was admitted to the hospital with a one-day history of polyuria and polydipsia. For the 10 months before admission, her diabetes was controlled with isophane insulin suspension 27 units daily. She also took phenytoin 100 mg orally three times a day. This was prescribed approximately six weeks earlier for right-sided focal seizures that were detected by electroencephalogram during a previous hospitalization for nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. No other medications were taken. The patient was treated with i.v. fluids and intermittent doses of i.v. insulin. Her condition rapidly improved and insulin zinc suspension 35 units daily was prescribed on discharge. Phenytoin was discontinued because the seizure disorder was considered secondary to the previous episode of hyperosmolar coma. A literature review of phenytoin-induced hyperglycemia is presented, including previous case reports, possible mechanisms of action, monitoring guidelines, and potential therapeutic uses. If hyperglycemia occurs in a patient taking phenytoin, especially after starting phenytoin therapy or increasing the dose, drug-induced hyperglycemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1980

Genes which control cell proliferation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In many eukaryotes it is thought that cell proliferation is regulated at a point in G1 close to the initiation of DNA synthesis. Hartwell and his colleagues have shown such a point in G1 phase in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, defined by the cdc 28 mutation. He has termed this point 'start' and showed that for cells to proceed beyond start, initiate DNA synthesis and produce a bud, various conditions must be met. Two of these conditions are the presence of adequate nutrients in the medium and attainment of a critical size. We identify here some of the genes controlling start by isolating mutants which are altered with respect to the conditions in which start occurs. Two types of mutant have been isolated. One results in bud initiation when the parent cell is only half the size at which bud initiation occurs in wild-type cells. Such mutants define a single gene, whi-1, and they are apparently analogous to the size mutants isolated by Nurse and his colleagues in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A second type of mutation affects a second gene, whi-2, which is involved in the mechanism whereby cells arrest in G1 in stationary phase. whi-2- cells growing exponentially initiate buds at the same size as wild-type cells. In stationary phase, however, whi-2- cells growing exponentially initiate buds at the same size as wild-type cells. In stationary phase, however, whi-2- cells, unlike wild-type cells, are predominantly budded and are smaller than wild-type cells.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1980

Small-sized mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The isolation of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that divide at approximately half the size of the wild type is described. Three mutants have been isolated in which the small size at bud initiation is due to a mutation in a single nuclear gene.

Centrifugation, Zonal↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography of the chest wall.

Computed tomography of the chest wall has been mentioned in the literature, but the emphasis has been on evaluation of diseases of the pleura and mediastinum and depiction of metastatic nodules. The authors have attempted to demonstrate the usefulness of CT in the detection and treatment of chest wall disease and show that the incidence of involvement is great enough to warrant evaluation of the chest wall on all CT images of this region.

Axilla↗
PubMed1980

Muscle enlargement in lymphoma patients.

Five patients with regional muscle enlargement were identified among 97 lymphoma patients who underwent CT scanning as a part of their work-up. Muscle enlargement occurred in the absence of lymphatic or venous obstruction or direct involvement of the muscle by the tumor. Prompt resolution of the phenomenon was observed following radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography of spinal fractures.

Computed tomography (CT) has aided significantly in the diagnosis and management of spinal fractures. The examination is easy, relatively quick, and avoids potentially harmful manipulation. The diagnostic advantages of CT include precise anatomic delineation and indication of extent of fractures, assessment of spinal stenosis, and demonstration of associated peraspinal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Regulation of cell size in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

For cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the size at initiation of budding is proportional to growth rate for rates from 0.33 to 0.23 h-1. At growth rates lower than 0.23 h-1, cells displayed a minimum cell size at bud initiation independent of growth rate. Regardless of growth rate, cells displayed an increase in volume each time budding was initiated. When abnormally small cells, produced by starvation for nitrogen, were placed in fresh medium containing nitrogen but with different carbon sources, they did not initiate budding until they had grown to the critical size characteristic of that medium. Moreover, when cells were shifted from a medium supporting a low growth rate and small size at bud initiation to a medium supporting a higher growth rate and larger size at bud initiation, there was a transient accumulation of cells within G1. These results suggest that yeast cells are able to initiate cell division at different cell sizes and that regulation of cell size occurs within G1.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1978

The yeast nucleus.

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Cell Division↗