Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Kommerell

Publications and source records attributed to B Kommerell.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Ethanol and carcinogenesis].

Chronic alcoholism and incidence of carcinoma of the oropharynx, the larynx, the esophagus and the liver (and probably as well of the pancreas and rectum) are correlated, as epidemiological studies have shown. In animal experiments ethanol is not carcinogenic, but it enhances carcinogenesis induced by other compounds; it may influence the initial as well as the promotional phase of carcinogenesis. A local effect could be the responsible mechanism in carcinogenesis of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Ethanol does influence regenerative, secretory, motility nd microbial patterns of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition changes of hormone, vitamin and mineral metabolism and of the immune system induced by ethanol may contribute to carcinogenesis. Ethanol enhances activation of a number of procarcinogens in the small intestine, in the liver and in the lung. It is also known that different alcoholic beverages contain carcinogens.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1982

Procollagen-type III-peptide serum concentrations in chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver and their diagnostic value.

Until now the determination of fibrotic processes in liver disease was restricted to histological examination of liver tissue. Recently a RIA was developed to determine the procollagen-type III-peptide concentrations in biological fluids. We used this RIA to measure the serum procollagen-type III-peptide concentrations in patients with chronic liver disease. Additionally in 24 patients with chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis the collagen content in liver biopsies was determined histomorphometrically. The serum procollagen-type III-peptide concentrations in healthy controls (n = 40) were 6.4 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, in chronic persistent hepatitis (n = 47) 8.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, in chronic active hepatitis (n = 53) 20.8 +/- 2.9 ng/ml, and in alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver (n = 22) 47.7 +/- 6.1 ng/ml. Thus the patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver showed significantly elevated serum procollagen-type III-peptide levels. In chronic hepatitis a highly significant correlation (p less than 0.001) could be demonstrated between collagen content in liver tissue and serum procollagen-type III-peptide concentrations. The determination of serum procollagen-type III-peptide concentrations may prove a new useful parameter in biochemical evaluation of liver disease.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Kinetics of cholesterol gallstone dissolution by glycocheno-, glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid, and mixtures of both in vitro.

Cheno- and ursodeoxycholic acid feeding are both efficient in conservative gallstone therapy. Urso decreases biliary cholesterol excretion even more than cheno. Glyco-urso becomes dose dependent the predominant bile acid conjugate in bile under urso feeding. We therefore studied the kinetics of cholesterol gallstone dissolution in aqueous solutions of 100 mM glyco-cheno, 100 mM glyco-urso, and mixtures of both consisting of 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno and 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno in vitro. The daily dissolution rates of cholesterol achieved by these solutions were for 100 mM glyco-cheno 0.87 +/- 0.1 mg (mean +/- SEM), for 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno 0.28 +/- 0.003 mg, for 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno 0.07 +/- 0.002 mg, and for 100 mM glyco-urso 0.07 +/- 0.03 mg. Correspondingly were the weight decreases of the gallstones by 100 mM glyco-cheno 1.2 +/- 0.1 mg/day, by 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno 0.3 +/- 0.01 mg/day, by 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno 0.11 +/- 0.02 mg/day, and by 100 mM glyco-urso 0.1 +/- 0.02 mg/day. Complete gallstone dissolution occurred during the observation time of 4 months only by 100 mM glyco-cheno in 12.8 +/- 3.3 weeks. Thus glyco-urso dissolves only little cholesterol and decreases the speed of cholesterol gallstone dissolution. It is concluded that high doses of urso in gallstone therapy which lead to great amounts of glyco-urso in bile may diminish gallstone dissolution rates.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid↗
PubMed1980

[Electroencephalography in hepatic coma: therapy with hemoperfusion (author's transl)].

Six patients (two men and four women) aged between 15 and 60 years in hepatic coma stage IV and with very severe EEG changes were treated with hemoperfusion. The causes leading to coma were acute virus hepatitis A in two cases, hepatitis B in three cases, and Amanita intoxication in one case. Only the patient with Amanita intoxication survived. On admission to the hospital, there were very severe EEG changes of stage IV in all patients. They preceded the clinical manifestation of coma stage IV up to one day in half of the patients who were at most in coma stage II at this time. At the beginning of therapy better survival chances are reported in the lower coma stages. On the basis of the severely pathological EEG findings preceding the clinical coma in a proportion of the patients, an earlier start of therapy should thus be demanded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Viral hepatitis A and B in hemodialysed patients.

In 113 hemodialysed patients, 167 hospitalized patients, and 143 outpatients the frequency of HAV and HBV markers were studied by testing HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HAV. The hemodialysis patients in a dialysis-center had significantly more often HBV markers (85.7%) than those maintained on home-dialysis (46.5%). 29.9% of the hospitalized patients and 32.1% of the outpatients had HBV markers. By the anti-HBc test up to 41% of additional HBV infections could be detected.--The prevalence of anti-HAV was very high in all groups. Significant differences between the hemodialysis patients and the control groups existed only in the age groups up to 39 years.--The frequencies of HAV and HBV markers were related to age, duration of dialysis treatment, transfusional frequency, and transaminases. The HBV appeared as the clinically important hepatitis agent in dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Intranuclear virus-like particles in a case of sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis.

A case of acute hepatitis type non-A, non-B in a 20-year-old woman is reported. Virus-like particles with a size of about 27 nm in diameter could be identified by electron microscopy in numerous hepatocellular nuclei. They are thought to represent one candidate for the intranuclear form of a non-A, non-B hepatitis virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

EEG changes in acute viral hepatitis.

Sixty-four patients (43 men and 21 women) with acute viral hepatitis were subjected to clinical, clinical chemical and electroencephalographic examinations. A pathological EEG was found in 19 patients. The average age was the same in the entire group, in the group with normal EEGs and in the group with pathological EEGs (35.4, 35.8 and 35.2 years respectively). The proportion of HBsAg-positive to HBsAg-negative hepatitis in the groups with pathological and normal EEGs did not show any appreciable difference. Of the patients with pathological EEGs, 36.8% were drug addicts, and only 8.9% of these these with normal EEGs. A dependence of the EEG on the laboratory values SGOT, SGPT, prothrombin time or bilirubin was not found. In 14 of the 19 patients, there was a slight general alteration with irregular alpha rhythm and markedly increased 5--7 c/sec theta activity. In 5 patients, there was a moderately severe general alteration with predominant theta rhythm and interspersed delta waves. In 5 patients, the EEG normalized; it remained pathological in 14 patients. Even after exclusion of all other factors, such as drugs or hypertension, which might have led to a pathological EEG, we found pathological EEG findings in 15.6% of the 64 patients with acute viral hepatitis and no clinical encephalopathjy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Effects of biliary bile acid composition on biliary cholesterol saturation in gallstone patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid and/or ursodeoxycholic acid.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (cheno) and ursodeoxycholic acid (urso) dissolve cholesterol gallstones in humans. In the present study conjugation of biliary bile acids with glycine and taurine and their effects on biliary cholesterol saturation were investigated during treatment with cheno, urso, and cheno-urso. Ten patients were included in this study, and every patient served as his own control. Each of the treatment periods lasted for 3 mo. During treatment with cheno or urso, daily doses of 11.9-15.6 mg/kg were administered, while during treatment with cheno-urso each bile acid was administered at one-half the dose. In the control period biliary bile acids consisted of 31.8 +/- 2.8% glycocheno, 10.9 +/- 1.2% taurocheno, 1.0 +/- 0.1% glycourso, and 0.3 +/- 0.1% taurourso. During the three treatment periods dihydroxy bile acids in bile and glycine conjugation of these dihydroxy bile acids increased significantly (P < 0.05). During treatment with urso the amounts of glycourso in bile were positively correlated to the dose of urso administered (P < 0.05). No correlation existed between urso dose and the amounts of taurourso in bile. Biliary cholesterol was 9.0 +/- 1.0 mol% in the control period and decreased during treatment with cheno, urso, and chenourso to 5.2 +/- 0.5, 3.7 +/- 0.3, and 3.8 +/- 0.3 mol%, respectively. Cholesterol saturation index corrected for the biliary content of glycourso and taurourso was 1.2 +/- 0.1 in the control period and decreased during treatment with cheno, urso, and cheno-urso to 0.8 +/- 0.1, 1.0 +/- 0.1 and 0.7 +/- 0.1, respectively. Thus urso treatment led to the lowest biliary content of cholesterol, but cheno-urso treatment led to significantly lower cholesterol saturation indices than urso treatment (P < 0.05).

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Peptic ulcer disease and primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)].

The causal relationship of primary hyperparathyroidism and ulcer disease is reviewed. In contrast to earlier ideas careful clinical and clinico-chemical investigations have shown that in patients with manifest primary hyperparathyroidism neither is the incidence of ulcer disease raised nor are deviations from the normal behavior of acid secretion or the serum gastrin level to be observed in comparison with the average population.

Calcium↗
PubMed1979

[Treatment of cimetidine-resistant gastric ulcer with carbenoxolone-sodium (author's transl)].

Case report on a successful treatment of a cimetidine-resistant gastric ulcer with carbenoxolone-Na. Administration of 1.0g cimetidine/d over a period of 8 weeks failed to reduce gastric ulcer size. Subsequent therapy with carbenoxolon-Na caused a complete healing of the gastric ulcer within 4 weeks. This case is discussed with respect to the possible advantages of a combined regimen with drugs of different mechanisms of action.

Aged↗