Ingestion of Escherichia coli O83 bacteria by adults resulted in a transient irregular colonization leading to a serum antibody response in only four out of 14 cases examined. In all of three pregnant women, however, IgA antibodies against E. coli O83 antigen were released from colostral cells after similar bacterial ingestion although no serum antibody response was noted. The findings indicate a link between the antigenic exposure to the gut and secretory antibodies of the IgA class, presumably locally formed in the mammary gland. Antibodies of the secretory IgA class registered in colostrum may, at least partly, reflect the antigenic exposure of the gut. These antibodies are probably important in protecting against E. coli infections in the neonate, as suggested by the findings of antibodies in human milk against O and K antigens of non-enteropathogenic as well as enteropathogenic serotypes of E. coli. Furthermore, in milk of women from low socio-economic groups in Pakistan, neutralizing antibodies were present against enterotoxins of E. coli bacteria and occasionally against Vibrio cholerae enterotoxins. In addition, secretory IgA antibodies against food proteins were detected in human milk. This suggests that intestinal exposure to such antigens could stimulate a local immune response in the gut resulting in triggered lymphoid cells homing to the mammary gland. These human milk secretory IgA antibodies against bovine milk proteins may help to prevent cow's milk allergy in infants on mixed feeding, since these infants tend to have a lower serum antibody response to cow's milk proteins than infants fed mostly artificially. Furthermore, children suffering from cow's milk protein intolerance and gluten enteropathy may have higher serum levels of antibody to cow's milk protein antigens than normal children, possibly reflecting increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa for various antigens.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Borrelia infection and vertigo.

73 patients with vertigo were studied regarding serum antibodies to Borrelia spirochete antigen, using an indirect immunofluorescence method. Ten patients (14%) had serological evidence of Borrelia infection. All 10 patients had severe, incapacitating vertigo. Four of the Borrelia patients had positional vertigo and all 10 had positional nystagmus when tested using ENG. Five of them had unilateral caloric weakness. Five patients had abnormal oculomotor tests. Borrelia infection is an etiological factor which should be considered in patients suffering from vertigo especially if positional nystagmus is present.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical attempt to avoid hyperacute rejection by F (ab') 2 organ pretreatment.

An attempt was made to, in a controlled study, avoid hyperacute rejection by pretreatment of a renal graft pepsine digested anti-donor antibodies. It turned out to be unsuccessful, but there were some indications that the chain of events that leads to the destruction of the graft was delayed for some hours. There may be several reasons for this failure but we think it is possible to improve this method even if its importance in clinical use is still doubtful.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro studies of Campylobacter jejuni/coli strains from hens and humans regarding adherence, invasiveness, and toxigenicity.

Campylobacter jejuni/coli strains from hens and humans were compared for their ability to adhere to and invade HEp-2-cells and for toxigenicity to CHO-cells. In both hen and human strains, invasiveness was higher among non-toxigenic strains than among toxigenic ones. The frequency of adherence, invasiveness, and toxigenicity was the same in hen and human strains.

Animals↗