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Biomedical subjects

B Kaijser

Publications and source records attributed to B Kaijser.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Peroral immunization of healthy adults with live Escherichia coli O4K12 bacteria. Antibody response as measured in serum and secretions.

6 healthy adult volunteers were immunized perorally with live Escherichia coli O4K12 bacteria. The bacteria could thereafter be identified in the stools of all individuals for different periods of time. No adverse reactions were noted. 04 antibodies of the IgG class appeared in the serum of all individuals and IgM antibodies in 2 of them. The corresponding figures for K12 antibodies were 2 and 1, respectively. In saliva from the glandula parotis, secretory IgA antibodies to 04 were seen in 3, and against K12 in 1 individual. It is concluded that peroral immunization might be an alternative for induction of antibodies. Nothing is known, however, about any protective effect of these antibodies. Only a low percentage of the individuals showed K12 antibody formation. Therefore, optimal prophylactic immunization against acute pyelonephritis could be achieved by giving immunogenic K antigen, that is conjugated to a carrier, which might induce antibody formation in most individuals.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Studies of antibodies to lipid A and Tamm-Horsfall in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Sera from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), or Crohn's disease (MC) were analysed for antibodies to lipid A and Tamm-Horsfall protein (TH), Escherichia coli O antigens, and food antigens, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect haemagglutination, and thin-layer immunoassay, respectively. C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of acute inflammation, was also studied. The MC and UC groups were not separated by any of the factors tested. The extent of the disease, however, seemed to influence the IgG antibody response to lipid A and TH. Patients with extended inflammatory areas in the intestine had decreased anti-lipid-A levels during the active phase of the disease compared with patients with less inflammation. In contrast, the IgG anti-TH levels were increased in these patients during both the active and inactive phases compared with less affected patients. Compared with healthy individuals, MC or UC patients showed decreased IgG anti-lipid-A levels. Both IgG and IgA anti-TH and total anti-O levels were increased compared with controls. Antibodies to cow's milk were lower in patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in the control group. CRP was increased in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease compared with inactive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Penicillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum after intramuscular, intravenous, and oral administration to syphilitic patients.

Penicillin concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were estimated in 19 syphilitic patients given three different regimens: Penicillin G, 10 MIU i.v. three times a day (3 patients); procaine penicillin, 600 000 IU i.m. (11 patients); and penicillin V, 1.2 MIU by mouth four times a day (5 patients). Intravenous administration of penicillin G resulted in a penicillin concentration in CSF of 0.3-0.5 micrograms/ml; In contrast, procaine penicillin, i.m. and penicillin V by mouth did not result in any measurable CSF concentration, even in the presence of pleocytosis and/or barrier lesion. Penicillin V by mouth gave considerably higher serum concentrations than procaine penicillin intramuscular, however. In the light of these results, and reported treatment failures in neurosyphilis and demonstration of viable Treponema pallidum after treatment, we propose that neurosyphilis should be treated with high intravenous doses of penicillin to ensure treponemicidal concentrations in the central nervous system.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Chronic liver disease and autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein.

Serum levels of immunoglobulin class specific antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein (TH) were studied in 25 patients with various liver diseases. Increased levels of TH-IgA antibodies were common in different types of liver disease, whereas high TH-IgM concentrations were observed only in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis. The occurrence of high concentrations of TH antibodies was not related to the occurrence of renal tubular acidosis detected by an acidification test, but the elevation of TH-IgA was significantly correlated to high levels of total serum IgA. An indirect immunofluorescence method did not demonstrate any cross-reaction between TH and liver tissue.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1982

Intestinal occurrence of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni and Clostridium difficile in children in Sweden.

Stool samples were cultured from 356 children in different states of health and in different age groups between birth and six years of age in order to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium difficile. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from two of 56 children with diarrhoea but was not isolated from any of 300 healthy children or children recently treated with antibiotics. Campylobacter jejuni does not seem to be a common cause of diarrhoea in children in Sweden and is definitely not a member of the normal fecal flora. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 17 of 100 healthy children one week to one year old, and from one of 100 perinatal children. About the same isolation frequency was found in children with diarrhoea and in children recently treated with antibiotics. A total of 34 isolates of Clostridium difficile were obtained, 29 of which were from children less than one year old. The isolation of Clostridium difficile in stools of children should in most cases be considered a normal finding.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Experimental Escherichia coli ascending pyelonephritis in rats: changes in bacterial properties and the immune response to surface antigens.

Systemic and urinary antibody responses were examined in rats with experimental ascending pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli O6K13H1. During 12-month follow-up of the infections, bacterial characteristics of the urinary and renal isolates were followed: O and K antigenicity, sensitivity to the bactericidal effect of normal human serum, capacity to attach to urinary tract epithelial cells, hemolytic activity, biochemical pattern, and virulence. During the long-term infection, the urinary and renal bacterial isolates changed in O and K antigenicity, serum sensitivity, and virulence. The adhesive capacity of the bacterial isolates did not change, possibly explaining the persistence of the bacteria in the urinary tract. The serum anti-O6 antibody levels remained high during the entire 1-year observation period, especially in the rats with renal involvement. Urinary anti-O6 antibodies were also found. The serum and urinary antibodies could have played a role in bringing about the observed changes in bacterial characteristics. Antibodies to lipid A were recorded in 9 of 16 rats with pyelonephritis and renal scarring and in 1 of 9 rats not having pyelonephritis or renal bacterial growth.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1982

Experimental Escherichia coli ascending pyelonephritis in rats: active peroral immunization with live Escherichia coli.

Peroral immunization with a live strain of Escherichia coli O6K13H1 against experimental ascending pyelonephritis caused by the same strain was studied in rats, and the effect of immunization on antibody titers against the O and K antigens and lipid A was determined. Peroral immunization with live bacteria protected significantly against pyelonephritis. Sera collected 1 week after infection from the immunized group were increased in immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-O6 and IgM anti-K13 in comparison with the nonimmunized group. The peroral immunization did not correspondingly affect the response to lipid A. In urine, there was an IgG antibody response to the O6 antigen. In bronchopulmonary secretion, IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to O6 were detected. Perorally immunized animals had significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA anti-O6 compared with the nonimmunized group 1 week after infection. Passive transfer of anti-lipid A did not increase resistance against pyelonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Gram-negative pathogens in septicaemic infections.

For the last two decades, gram-negative rod bacteremia has been the major infectious disease problem developing in patients hospitalized in the United States and many European countries. Mortality rates are high and have exceeded 30% in patients with serious underlying diseases. The most commonly isolated organisms are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but the latter organism has consistently been associated with the highest case fatality ratios. Stool sampling surveys in normal individuals reveal low carriage rates of both K. Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas, but prospective studies in neutropenic patients using the surveillance culture technique has indicated a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal colonization. In neutropenic patients asymptomatic colonization may occur weeks prior to onset of gram-negative rod bacteremia. The patients most likely to develop systemic infection are neutropenic subjects who have P. aeruginosa colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial pathogenetic factors associated with gram-negative bacillary infections are poorly understood. Antigens such as the O and K antigens appear to confer the property of resistance to phagocytosis. Both antibody deficiency and restricted activation of the alternative complement pathway are responsible for impaired phagocytosis of some bacteremic strains in both fresh normal human serum as well as in the serum or plasma of bacteremic patients. A number of studies have shown a direct correlation between type-specific and cross-reacting serum antibody levels with survival. Additionally, Exotoxin A of P. aeruginosa is a likely virulence factors of this species and levels of humoral antitoxic antibodies measured at onset of bacteremia correlate with improved prognosis. Antibodies to capsular antigens like K-1 antigen of E. coli enhance phagocytosis of strains with different O types. Despite a substantial amount of circumstantial evidence, a role for circulating toxins or other candidate virulence factors has not bee convincingly established in human sepsis. Bioassays like those involving the limulus lysate gelation have identified some patients with endotoxemia, but this test may be negative if circulating immune complexes are present. Additionally, other factors in serum may inactivate endotoxins of complex with endotoxins. Several human and experimental studies suggest that prophylaxis or treatment of gram-negative infections may be effective with antiserum against endotoxins antigens. The high mortality from gram-negative bacteremia in some patients strongly justifies further research in this area.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1981

The occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in fresh food and survival under different conditions.

Campylobacter jejuni was an almost regular finding in chickens and in minced meat from pigs and cattle sold in ordinary food stores. The bacteria survived on the food at 4 degrees C for one week and frozen at -20 degrees C for three months. None of the strains tested survived heat treatment at 60 degrees C for longer than 15 min. C. jejuni is apparently a frequent guest in most kitchens. Correct food handling and heat treatment to at least 60 degrees C for 15 min should be enough to prevent infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein associated with renal damage and urinary tract infections in adults.

Forty-seven adults with urinary tract infection (UTI), 9 with recent acute pyelonephritis and 38 with previous renal infection, were investigated for the presence of autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP). All patients except 6 had or had had vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). In patients with recent acute pyelonephritis, only IgA antibodies were significantly elevated. Among the patients with previous UTI, more than 6 months before the time of testing, a graded response was found for IgG and IgM specific antibodies, with the lowest value in those with renal damage and elevated serum creatinine and the highest in those with a normal X-ray. A negative correlation was found between IgG antibodies to THP and elevated serum creatinine (r = -0.76, P less than 0.02). No significant correlation was found between VUR itself and antibodies to THP. A low IgG antibody level to THP in patients with a history of previous UTI seems to be a useful indicator of renal scarring. Possible immunologic mechanisms behind the low antibody level and the renal damage are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Antibodies to lipid A during urinary tract infection.

Serum levels of antibodies to lipid A were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 26 girls with their first known symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) and in 15 girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Also included were six female patients with recurrence of acute upper UTI, five of whom had renal changes after the infections; 28 female patients with renal scarring but not symptomatic UTI at the time of investigation; and uninfected individuals. IgG and IgM antibodies to lipid A were found in approximately 50% of the uninfected children older than two years of age. Girls with acute cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, or ABU showed significantly elevated levels of IgG antibodies to lipid A as compared with children with no history of UTI. High levels of IgG antibodies to lipid A may be indicative of severe renal infection and development or progression of renal parenchymal reduction. The diagnostic value of determining levels of antibodies to lipid A is discussed.

Adolescent↗