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Biomedical subjects

B K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to B K Sharma.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of dietary rumen-protected choline in lactating dairy cows.

Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of graded amounts of rumen-protected choline on milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows fed 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate diets (DM basis). In Experiment 1, 48 Holstein cows were fed 0, .078, .156, and .234% rumen-protected choline (choline chloride basis) from wk 5 to 21 postpartum. Increasing choline had no effect on DMI and tended to increase milk yield only from 1 to 2.2 kg/d. Milk fat percentage was reduced in the .078% choline treatment and increased to control levels thereafter with .156 and .234% choline. In Experiment 2, 16 Holstein cows in midlactation were assigned randomly to either 13.0 or 16.5% dietary CP (DM basis). Within CP concentration, cows were fed 0, .08, .16, and .24% rumen-protected choline in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. Dietary protein had no effect on milk yield, although milk protein percentage and yield were increased .25 percentage units and 63 g/d, respectively, by increased dietary CP. Increasing dietary choline to .24% linearly increased milk yield 2.6 kg/d, although it had no consistent effects on milk fat or protein percentage. There was only a slight tendency for greater responses in milk yield to dietary choline with lower dietary CP. Data from these experiments confirm earlier results with postruminal choline infusions, suggesting that choline may be a limiting nutrient for milk production.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Identification of human papillomaviruses in paraffin embedded cervical pathological tissues from Indian women by polymerase chain reaction.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was used to identify human papillomaviruses (HPV) in 52 paraffin embedded cervical tissues from Indian women with chronic cervicitis, different grades of cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. The tissues were screened for amplification of the cellular beta-globin gene as well as of HPVs. Sets of primers designed to amplify a portion of the E6 gene of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 were employed. HPV 6, 16 and 31 were identified in 58% of 33 beta-globin positive tissues as compared to 16% of 19 beta-globin negative tissues. HPV 11, 18, 33 and 35 were not identified in any of the specimens. Double infection of HPV 16 and 31 was observed in one case of carcinoma in situ and one case of invasive carcinoma. HPV-16 was the predominant virus in HPV positive cases of higher grades of cervical dysplasia (severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ) and cervical cancer.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Variability in beta-globin and HPV DNA amplification by PCR from fixed tissues.

Paraffin-embedded tissues from a variety of sources and treated with different fixatives were tested for beta-globin and HPV amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In tests of tissues collected in the previous 2 to 3 yr, excellent rates (87% to 93%) for beta-globin amplification were obtained for specimens fixed in buffered formalin, Bouin's, and Hartmann's solutions. In contrast, the rate of beta-globin amplification was low for tissues fixed in Hollande's solution (7%) and in Hartmann's solution with eosin (33%). The results of beta-globin amplification from archival tissues stored for variable time periods showed no decrease in the amplification rate with longer periods of storage. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) were identified in 17% of globin negative and in 43% of globin positive tissues. HPV-16 amplification was more efficient when the targeted DNA sequence was small. Variability in amplification depends not only on the type of fixative used, but also on other ill-defined factors. Therefore, conditions for optimal amplification should be determined before undertaking studies of archival material.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

Patients' attitude towards health care at a teaching hospital in India.

Using a questionnaire, 362 patients attending the outpatients services of Internal Medicine of Nehru Hospital attached to our institution were randomly interviewed. Seventy per cent of the patients were in the 21-50 years age range; 50% came from rural and 50% from urban areas. Forty per cent travelled more than 30 Km; 72% used a public transport to reach hospital. Most patients had an income less than Rs. 1000/-. Ninety per cent had already consulted another medical practitioner earlier. The largest number of complaints related to the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. On an average 1-2 drugs were prescribed per patient; only 13% of these were available at the hospital dispensary. Most patients were willing to purchase the prescribed drugs from the market.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Proteinuria in essential hypertension.

Proteinuria was estimated using modified biuret method in 100 consecutive essential hypertensives of both sexes with mean age of 40 +/- 0.9 (18-50 yr) attending hypertension clinic. Proteinuria (mg/1.73 M2/24 h) in 60 mild hypertensives ranged from 45.4 to 493.0 with 9 (15%) patients having abnormal proteinuria (greater than 250 mg). In 26 moderate hypertensives proteinuria ranged from 96-1010; 7 (27%) had abnormal proteinuria. The proteinuria in 14 severe accelerated, malignant hypertensives ranged from 146.5-6132.6 with 10 (71%) having abnormal proteinuria. Duration of hypertension had no correlation with the amount of proteinuria. The amount of proteinuria was much higher (P less than 0.001) in patients with renal insufficiency (1322.5 +/- 586.4) and in patients with grades III and IV hypertensive retinopathy. LVH on ECG also correlated positively with proteinuria. The group with abnormal proteinuria had more patients with LVH (42.3% vs 12.2%), severe hypertensive retinopathy (30.8% vs 4.1%) and renal insufficiency (34.6% vs 0%) as compared to patients without elevated proteinuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Neutrophil oxygen free radical production proportionates with the degree of myocardial ischemia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the production of oxygen free radicals by chemiluminescence and to assess leukocyte aggregation, in patients with acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, and to compare these to creatine kinase-MB levels. DESIGN: Prospective study with serial estimation at presentation and 72 h later. SETTING: Referral, tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS: Group 1, acute myocardial infarction (n = 18); group 2, stable angina pectoris (n = 8); and age-and sex-matched normal healthy persons (n = 12). All patients included had pain of less than 24 h duration with typical electrocardiographic and laboratory abnormalities. Patients or controls who had any inflammatory disease in the preceding two weeks or who were on anti-inflammatory drugs, calcium channel or beta-adrenoceptor blockers, were excluded. TESTS: Venous blood samples taken at presentation and 72 h later were analyzed for creatine kinase-MB using a standard kit, neutrophilic chemiluminescence and leukocyte aggregation. MAIN RESULTS: In group 1 there were significant rises in both creatine kinase-MB and chemiluminescence, which subsequently regressed (P less than 0.02). There was, however, no statistical correlation between the two. The qualitative pattern of the rise and fall of chemiluminescence was similar in group 2. Changes in leukergy in both groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Oxygen free radical generation occurs early in myocardial ischemia with regression by 72 h. Neutrophilic chemiluminescence may provide an alternative method for assessment of myocardial ischemia.

Cell Aggregation↗
PubMed1990

Prevention of hepatocyte injury and lipid peroxidation by iron chelators and alpha-tocopherol in isolated iron-loaded rat hepatocytes.

These experiments were performed to characterize the relationship between lipid peroxidation and hepatocyte viability in iron overload. Hepatocytes were isolated from rats with chronic dietary iron overload and the effects of in vitro iron chelation on lipid peroxidation, cell viability and ultrastructure were studied over a 4-hr incubation period. Cell viability was significantly reduced at 3 and 4 hr in iron-loaded hepatocytes compared with controls and was preceded by an increase in iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Similarly, extensive degenerative ultrastructural changes were observed in iron-loaded hepatocytes compared with controls after 4 hr of incubation. In vitro iron chelation with either deferoxamine or apotransferrin protected against lipid peroxidation, loss of viability and ultrastructural damage in iron-loaded hepatocytes. The addition of an antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol, also protected against lipid peroxidation and preserved cell viability over a 4-hr incubation. The protective effects of iron chelators and alpha-tocopherol support a strong association between iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and hepatocellular injury in iron overload.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Surgical repair of type II truncus arteriosus without a conduit.

A technique for reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract in an infant with type II truncus arteriosus without using a prosthetic conduit is described. The truncal root is transected, and the confluence of branch pulmonary arteries is brought anterior to the aorta by using Lecompte's maneuver. The aorta is then reconstructed directly with an end-to-end anastomosis. The right ventricular outflow tract is reconstructed by anastomosing the posterior wall of the confluence directly to the apex of the vertical right ventriculotomy. A glutaraldehyde-preserved pericardial patch is then placed anteriorly to complete reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

Modified total cavopulmonary connection: an alternative approach in the presence of left superior vena cava.

A technical modification to the total cavopulmonary connection in the presence of left superior vena cava (LSVC) is described. Systemic venous to pulmonary artery continuity is achieved by direct anastomosis of the right superior vena cava (RSVC) to the right pulmonary artery. Blood from the inferior vena cava (IVC) is diverted by an intraatrial baffle to the coronary sinus. The LSVC is then anastomosed to either the left pulmonary artery or the main pulmonary artery in an end-to-side or side-to-side manner. By using this technique, we maintain the basic principle of excluding the right atrial chamber from the systemic venous circuit, thereby reducing the potential obstructive complications that have been noted with other forms of complex intraatrial baffles. We have used this technique successfully in three patients with various forms of complex congenital cardiac defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Particle size reduction during initial mastication of forages by dairy cattle.

Four experiments were conducted with dairy cattle to determine the effects of initial feed particle size and moisture content on particle size of ingested masticates. Three mature Holstein cows were used in either latin square or Youden square designs. Samples of masticated and ingested boli were collected at the cardiac opening through a ruminal fistula between 0 and 5, 5 and 10 and 10 and 15 min after meal initiation. In Exp. 1, masticate log mean particle sizes (LMPS) (ln microns, log normal distribution) were 3.50, 3.53 and 3.50 for corn silage, fine-chopped alfalfa haylage and coarse-chopped alfalfa haylage, respectively. In Exp. 2, boli LMPS for ground, chopped and long alfalfa hay were 3.11, 3.76 and 4.09, respectively. Boli LMPS in Exp. 3 for ground, chopped and long timothy hay were 2.93, 3.12 and 3.03, respectively. Exp. 4 compared the effect of addition of water to produce 30%, 47%, 64% and 82% DM in chopped alfalfa hay. Boli LMPS were 3.66, 3.56, 3.64 and 3.68 for the respective alfalfa hay DM contents. Feed LMPS was not reduced during mastication in Exp. 4, nor were there differences in LMPS due to time after feeding. Boli LMPS was affected by feed particle size of alfalfa hay, but there was no effect of feed particle size on masticate particle size in timothy hay. The magnitude of particle size reduction during mastication appears to be dependent on forage type and is not dependent totally on initial feed particle size and DM content of forages.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Dose response to recombinant bovine somatotropin from weeks 15 to 44 postpartum in lactating dairy cows.

Forty Holstein cows were used in an experiment to determine the response of cows to daily subcutaneous injections of 0, 10.3, 20.6, and 30.9 mg of recombinant bST. Injections began between 98 and 104 d postpartum and continued for 29 wk, up to 70 d prepartum, or a maximum of 400 d postpartum. Increasing recombinant bST increased milk yield and 3.5% FCM yield in a linear fashion and by 5.2 and 5.7 kg/d, respectively. Milk composition was not changed, and DM intake as a percentage of BW increased from 3.39 to 3.80% with increasing (30.9 mg/d) bST. Feed efficiency (3.5% FCM/DM intake) was increased from 1.35 to 1.64 with increasing dose, suggesting improved efficiency of use of DM intake, primarily by dilution of maintenance. Increasing bST reduced BW gain linearly from .46 kg/d for the control to .22 kg/d for the 30.9 mg/d bST. Calf birth weight, weight of cows at calving, and incidence of metabolic diseases during subsequent calving were not affected by bST. Somatotropin treatment resulted in somewhat smaller increased in milk yield than that reported in previous studies. Long-term health effects and effects on reproduction could not be determined from the relatively few cows used in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mechanism of protection provided by active immunization with porins in mice challenged with Salmonella typhi.

Oxygen free radical (OFR) generation capacity of peritoneal macrophages was studied by chemiluminescent technique. Chemiluminescent (CL) response of macrophages from control, infected and immunized-infected mice was observed using non specific (Latex) and specific (S. typhi, cells and porins) stimulants at different time intervals. CL response was found to be significantly higher in immunized-infected group throughout the study period using all the three stimulants as compared to that in the infected as well as uninfected control mice. The mode of action of porin vaccine in increasing capacity of generating OFR is probably through increased expression of porin (protein) as well as carbohydrate receptors on the macrophage surface which leads to the stimulation of the whole caseade of respiratory burst or through the increase in the respiratory burst enzyme activities linked with each receptor or both.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

HIV-I antibodies in health and disease.

Antibodies to human immune deficiency (HIV) virus were studied in 2000 individuals including cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), leprosy, chronic renal failure on haemodialysis and patients attending STD clinics. A group of blood donors was also screened, ELISA kits provided by Wellcome Diagnostics were used. Results indicate that the ELISA values were far above the cut off figure in all except in a couple where the husband who had stayed in Uganda for several years, and had features of full blown AIDS died 4 months after the diagnosis. The spouse contacted AIDS within a relatively short incubation period and died within 6 months of diagnosis. The North Indian population thus appears to be free of this virus so far. This observation will be an important lead mark in the future epidemiology of HIV infection in India.

Adult↗