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Biomedical subjects

B K Jain

Publications and source records attributed to B K Jain.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Spoon vs bottle: a controlled evaluation of milk feeding in young infants.

Fifty infants under the age of six months who were on artificial milk and who had attended the hospital for diarrhea, were taken up for study. They were divided into two groups. In Group I (n = 25) infants were given milk by spoon and in Group II (n = 25) by bottle. Mothers were given education relevant to the method of feeding on an individual basis. Follow up over a period of 3 months showed a fall in the number of diarrheal episodes which was similar in the two groups. Maternal compliance was significantly better in the bottle-fed group where only one mother expressed a desire to change over to the use of cup and spoon. The weight gain was better in the bottle-fed group, the difference being statistically significant relevant to the weight gain in the second and third month and to the total weight gain in the three months period (t = 3.24, p less than 0.01; t = 2.03 p less than 0.05; and t = 2.24, p less than 0.05, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cerebral palsy--is it a seasonal disorder?

A relationship between the season of birth and the occurrence of neurological disorders has already been reported. An attempt has been made to see if a similar relationship exists in the case of cerebral palsy also. The month of birth of all the 212 children with cerebral palsy attending specialised centres in New Delhi was ascertained. The month of birth was compared with the month-wise normal distribution of live births in Delhi. The difference in monthly trend was found to be statistically highly significant. Does it suggest that cerebral palsy is a seasonal disorder?

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1980

Intrathecal human tetanus immunoglobulin in early tetanus.

97 patients with symptoms of early tetanus at the time of admission to hospital were treated with sedation, antibiotics, and human tetanus immune globulin (TIG). After intrathecal TIG 250 IU 3 patients out of 49 got worse but only 1 died while in a closely similar group of 48 patients in whom TIG was administered intramuscularly in dose of 1000 IU, the clinical features of the disease became severer in 15 (31%) and 10 (21%) died. The intrathecal use of TIG was devoid of side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Asymmetry in the skull.

Various linear and angular measurements were taken in 118 normal skulls of adult humans. The two halves of the skulls were found to be symmetrical. The phenomenon of asymmetry of various parts of the body, in relation to cerebral dominance and specific skills has been discussed in view of the findings of the study and in the light of the available literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A comparative study of urban and rural tetanus in adults.

An analysis of 240 patients, aged 15+, admitted to the tetanus ward of Irwin Hospital, New Delhi, with clinically diagnosed tetanus is reported. 134 patients (55.8%) came from rural areas and 106 (44.2%) from urban areas. The male--female ratio for both groups was approximately 2:1. Rural patients were younger, showed a longer incubation period and experienced a lower crude case fatality rate. Traditional practices like the application of cow dung to wounds, ear piercing and tatooing, and chronic ear infections were important factors in developing tetanus, demonstrating a need for health education in rural communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ear infection and infant feeding practices.

Feeding practices were studied in 128 infants aged 18 months and below with middle ear infection, belonging to the low socio-economic group. By the age of one year, 117 (91.4%) had acquired the infection. At the onset of the first episode, 105 (82.0%) were breast-fed, 42 not receiving any other milk. There were no differences in the feeding practices between infants who had single and those who had multiple episodes. Ninety-six infants were being given water by spoon or bottle and 42, semisolids by spoon. Among the 105 breast-fed infants, in 93 (88.6%), the infants' heads were often flat during feeding. In contrast, in the 86 infants on 'top' feeds 53 (61.6%) of the mothers said that they kept the infants' head raised during feeding. The difference was significant (x2 = 53.18, P less than 0.001). Mothers should avoid feeding infants with the latter's head flat, although the former may adopt any comfortable position.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Testicular fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of azoospermia and oligospermia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate qualitative and quantitative cytologic features on testicular fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of azoospermia and oligospermia and to correlate cytologic and histologic diagnoses. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, 50 infertile males selected from the infertility clinic of Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital were studied. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from both testes of 27 azoospermic and 23 oligospermic patients (sperm count < 10 million per milliliter) were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain. Differential counting of 500 spermatogenic cells was done, and the number of Sertoli cells per 500 germ cells was determined for calculating the spermatic index and Sertoli cell index, respectively. FNAC and testicular biopsy were performed under local anesthesia as a minor surgical procedure. RESULTS: Six groups were identified on FNAC smears from azoospermic patients: I. normal spermatogenesis (8), II. hypospermatogenesis (2), III. maturation arrest (2), IV. Sertoli cells only (6), V. atrophic pattern (7), and VI. Leydig cell predominance (2). In oligospermic patients two groups were identified: I. those with normal spermatogenesis (4), and II. those with subnormal spermatogenesis (19). Correlation with histopathologic examination was seen in 81.5% azoospermic and 65.2% oligospermic patients. CONCLUSION: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of testicular FNAC provides useful information on both azoospermic and oligospermic patients. FNAC performed under local anesthesia is an acceptable outpatient procedure that consistently yields sufficient diagnostic material in all patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in adolescent school children.

The emerging epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in developing countries may have its roots in childhood. We studied atherosclerosis risk factors--tobacco use, obesity, hypertension, total cholesterol level and dietary intake of atherogenic nutrients in adolescent school children aged 13-17 years in Western India. Two hundred thirty-seven children (89 boys, 148 girls) were examined and prevalence of risk factors determined. Family history of coronary heart disease was found in 16 (6.8%), smoking or tobacco use in one (0.4%) and obesity (BMI > 90th percentile) in 24 (10.1%), borderline hypertension (> or = 136/86) in 65 (27.4%) and definite hypertension (> or = 142/92) in 17 (7.2%). Borderline hypercholesterolaemia (170-199 mg/dL) was in 78 (32.9%) and definite hypercholesterolaemia (> or = 200 mg/dL) in 16 (6.8%). Mean calorie intake was 1450 +/- 348 per day. Fats provided 38.4 +/- 8 percent of the calories, saturated fats contributed to 20.3 +/- 6.4 percent of calories, monounsaturated fats to 12.9 +/- 2.4 percent and polyunsaturated fats to 5.0 +/- 3.7 percent. Dietary cholesterol intake was 164 +/- 95 mg/day, sodium chloride intake 12.8 +/- 5.7 gm/day and fibre intake 6.5 +/- 4.6 gm/day. This study shows a high prevalence of metabolic and dietetic coronary risk factors among adolescents of the middle- and upper-middle class in India.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Agenesis of gallbladder in symptomatic patients.

Three women and one man among 771 patients, who underwent laparotomy with diagnosis of symptomatic gallbladder disease over a period of 5 years, were found to have agenesis of the gallbladder. Preoperative ultrasonography suggested cholelithiasis in all the four patients; three patients with jaundice had choledocholithiasis in addition. The absence of gallbladder was established by meticulous operative exploration and carefully repeated ultrasonography in postoperative period. The patients having choledocholithiasis underwent choledocholithotomy, while the fourth patient had no definitive procedure. One patient expired on 17th postoperative day following biliary leak, septicemia and liver failure. Another two patients were well and symptom free, while the fourth patient remained symptomatic. Awareness of the possibility of agenesis of gallbladder may allow the surgeon to attempt confirmation of diagnosis by non-operative methods and avoid surgical exploration in specific instances.

Abdominal Pain↗