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Biomedical subjects

B Jones

Publications and source records attributed to B Jones.

768 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduction of hospital days in chronic schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone: a retrospective study.

Hospital costs for chronic schizophrenic patients consume a major share of the cost of mental health care. Despite the success of numerous community mental health programs, repeated hospital admission of schizophrenic patients is a significant problem. Effective therapy and compliance with that therapy are two important factors in reducing hospitalization. Adverse effects of antipsychotic agents, particularly extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), negatively influence compliance. A new antipsychotic agent, risperidone, has demonstrated efficacy against both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and has been associated with a low incidence of EPS. To assess the potential of risperidone therapy to reduce the number of days in the hospital, a retrospective analysis was undertaken of data from a year-long clinical trial of risperidone. For 27 patients who had completed 365 days of open-label therapy with risperidone, the number of hospital days during this period was compared with the number of hospital days in the preceding 365-day period, when the patients were receiving conventional antipsychotic medication. The mean number of hospital days was reduced from 106 to 85 days, for a 20% reduction (P = 0.003) after the initiation of risperidone. Three subgroups of patients were apparent: (1) those who had spent no time in the hospital in the pre-risperidone year, (2) those who had been continuously hospitalized in the pre-risperidone year, and (3) those who had spent part of the pre-risperidone year (3 to 165 days) in the hospital. A 73% reduction (P = 0.0009) in mean hospital days (from 49 to 13 days) was achieved in the third subgroup (n = 14). These findings suggest that risperidone may have a role in reducing hospital days for the chronic schizophrenic population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of patient repositioning on intracranial pressure.

This study was designed to describe changes in intracranial pressure during 74 nurse-initiated repositionings of 30 patients with potential for, or raised intracranial pressure. Measures were recorded of intracranial pressure, body position, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure prior to, during, and five minutes after repositioning. Grouped data showed that a rise in mean intracranial pressure occurred during each of the position changes and that the mean pressure was close to or below the baseline observation five minutes after each position change. Despite fluctuations in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressures were always at or above 53 mmHg which indicated that cerebral perfusion was adequate. Nursing implications of the results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment and treatment of craniosynostosis.

Craniosynostosis poses a challenge to a multiplicity of paediatric specialties. In addition to the obvious cosmetic considerations there are often severe functional connotations. The spectrum of these disorders is outlined, and their investigation and the options for surgical correction are discussed.

Craniosynostoses↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cefadroxil reduces the production of IgE in a 3 year old asthmatic with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Cefadroxil, a cephalosporin, had been prescribed to children with superinfected atopic dermatitis, and was shown to improve both the infection, the clinical status and induced a dramatic lowering of the serum total IgE levels. Further studies have confirmed the IgE immunomodulating properties of cefadroxil. We report the case of a 3 year old asthmatic child who was hospitalized for superimposed pneumonia and was included in a study evaluating cefadroxil. The child was also suffering of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. After treatment with cefadroxil and oral salbutamol, the child fully recovered. The initially elevated serum IgE (day 1:556 IU/ml) dropped to normal values (day 21: 52 IU/ml), while the production of IgE in vitro by peripheral blood B cells was normalized. We suggest that one mechanism of action of cefadroxil is the stimulation of production of gamma interferon in patients with atopic disorders; this mechanism interferes with the IL-4 primary signal, as well as with other second signals recognized for the synthesis of IgE. Gamma interferon may also prove beneficial for the control of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Albuterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between self-reported physical activity and physical fitness in active men.

We examined relationships between self-reported physical activity and physical fitness in a group of 202 male military officers, 36 to 51 years of age. Physical activity was estimated from the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire and classified as heavy, moderate, or light depending on the intensity of individual activities. Directly measured components of physical fitness included aerobic capacity (treadmill walking peak VO2), body composition (densitometry), muscle strength (isokinetic mode), and flexibility (bend-and-reach test). Both total and heavy activity were significantly (P < .05) related to aerobic capacity, body fat, fat-free mass, upper body strength, and flexibility. Moderate and light activity were not related to the fitness measures. We divided subjects into quartiles of physical activity and corrected the fitness measures for age and cigarette smoking status. Subjects with more total and heavy activity had higher aerobic capacity and lower body fat; subjects with more heavy activity also had greater upper body strength. Again, moderate and low activity were not related to any fitness measure. These data indicate that heavy physical activity is related to various components of physical fitness even after correction for age and smoking status in a group of men who are healthy, generally very active, and fit.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Informed care.

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Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Taking the tube home.

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Enteral Nutrition↗