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B Jones

Publications and source records attributed to B Jones.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of DSM-III personality disorders in panic/agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

One hundred eighty-seven patients meeting DSM-III criteria for panic disorder (161 with agoraphobia) and 51 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were assessed with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ), a self-rating scale designed to assess axis II personality disorders and traits. The results showed that the personality profiles were similar between the two diagnostic groups and that the major personality characteristics identified in panic/agoraphobic patients, e.g., avoidant, dependent, histrionic, and borderline, were more pronounced in patients with OCD. These findings support our earlier suggestion of a nonspecific link between panic disorder/agoraphobia and personality disorder (PD)/traits.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DSM-III personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive disorder: changes with treatment.

Twenty-seven patients meeting DSM-III diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ; a self-rating scale designed to assess the axis II personality disorders [PDs] from the DSM-III) before and after 12 weeks of treatment with clomipramine. Treatment was accompanied with reduction on several personality variables, including the number of personality diagnoses assigned, the distribution of traits in the sample, and the number of items endorsed in each personality category. The data also showed that improvement in personality functioning was significantly greater in responders compared with nonresponders or partial responders. Further investigation of the relationship between personality and treatment outcome did not provide strong support for the notion that personality factors may have prognostic significance in the treatment of OCD. These findings suggest similarities and differences with panic/agoraphobia which are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of DSM-III personality disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Forty-three patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ), a self-rating scale designed to assess axis II personality disorders (PD) from DSM-III. Results showed that 53% of the patients received at least one PD diagnosis. The most frequent diagnoses were avoidant (30%), histrionic (26%), dependent (19%), and schizotypal (16%). Consideration of the personality traits irrespective of diagnostic category showed that in addition to avoidant and dependent personality characteristics, the sample had strong passive aggressive and compulsive tendencies and substantial histrionic, paranoid, and schizotypal traits. Patients exhibiting a greater number of personality traits were also significantly more symptomatic. However, anxiety, phobic, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were not selected as unique predictors of any personality variables in the regression analyses. Rather, the most important correlate of PD in these patients consisted of dysphoric mood as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and, to a lesser degree, younger age or shorter duration of illness. These findings do not support a specific link between OCD and PD in general and compulsive PD in particular.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temperature modulates ethanol sensitivity in mice: generality across strain and sex.

Findings in our laboratory indicate that body temperature alters ethanol potency as measured by sleep-time, wake-up brain ethanol concentration and mortality in male C57BL/6J mice. The current studies tested the generality of these results. Experiment one tested age-matched, drug-naive, male C57BL/6S and BALB/cS mice. Experiment two tested age-matched, drug-naive, male and female C57BL/6J mice. Each mouse was injected IP with 3.6 g/kg ethanol (20% w/v). After losing its righting reflex, the mouse was placed into a v-shaped sleep tray within a chamber kept at a designated temperature from 12 to 36 degrees C. Upon awakening, rectal temperature was measured and blood and brain samples were taken for gas chromatographic analysis. As in previous studies, ambient temperature modulated the body temperatures and sleep-times of intoxicated animals. More important, wake-up rectal temperatures were positively correlated with sleep-times and negatively correlated with wake-up ethanol concentrations in all animals tested. These results support the hypothesis that brain sensitivity to ethanol depression varies with body temperature in accordance with membrane perturbation theories of anesthesia.

Anesthetics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In-vehicle videotaping of drinking driver traffic stops in Oregon.

The purpose of this evaluation is to examine effectiveness of the use of video cassette recorders during traffic stops for drunk driving. This is accomplished by comparing traffic stops that employed video cassette recorders with traffic stops that did not, based on 1341 arrests taken from logs kept by state, city and county enforcement agencies from January 1994 through October 1995. Of the 1341 arrests, 330 used videotaping. Three measures were examined, successful prosecution rate, time until disposition and implied consent hearing requests. If the arrest is videotaped a higher proportion resulted in diversion and about the same proportion resulted in convictions. Fewer were still pending or resolved in the defendant's favor. Also, videotaping appears to shorten the time until case disposition. Finally, the probability that an implied consent hearing will be requested and/or held is clearly higher if the arrest is videotaped. Based on these findings, it was concluded that in-vehicle videotaping of drunk driving arrests is effective to the extent that it leads to more arrests being resolved in the state's favor. However, the evidence that in-vehicle videotaping expedites the case disposition process is somewhat equivocal. Arrests that are videotaped lead to somewhat more speedy case resolutions overall, but also to higher implied consent hearing request rates and presumably more officer time invested in implied consent hearings. In other words, results suggest that videotapes may delay or complicate the process in some instances, but they more often lead to earlier case resolution.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A second-generation computer-based edge detection algorithm for short-axis, two-dimensional echocardiographic images: accuracy and improvement in interobserver variability.

The present study tested the hypothesis that a second-generation endocardial edge detection algorithm that used a priori endocardial and epicardial information would improve accuracy and reduce the variability of border definition. Five nonexpert observers utilized the version 2 algorithm on 20 cycles of two-dimensional short-axis images (five excellent, seven good, and eight poor quality studies stored digitally from a previously reported project). Manually defined areas by five recognized experts on these 20 cardiac cycles were considered to be "true areas." Areas defined by the experts with version 1 of the algorithm were also used for comparison. Regression of the version 2 areas with mean, manually defined excellent quality areas yielded a similar correlation (r = 0.985) to that reported between the manual and the version 1 areas (r = 0.986). For all 20 cycles in the series, however, the correlation between version 2 and the manually defined areas was lower (r = 0.952) than that of the same correlation with version 1 areas (r = 0.980). For all studies the interobserver variability (percent area difference) was +/- 14.4% for manually defined borders, +/- 11.1% for version 1-defined borders, and +/- 7.7% for version 2-defined borders. No difference in variability was observed for excellent quality studies (+/- 5.3% versus 5.2%) between version 1 and version 2 areas. However, the version 2 algorithm significantly reduced interobserver variability for good and poor quality studies (+/- 8.4% to 7.6%, p less than 0.025, and 16.3% to 9.1%, p less than 0.05, respectively). We concluded that: the version 2 algorithm provided accuracy and significantly reduced the variability of area measurement in good and poor quality studies and that epicardial information was important to the improvement by providing wall thickness information to assist in filling areas of dropout and avoidance of intracavitary structures.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficiency of antigen presentation differs in mice differing at the Mls locus.

In the mouse, potent primary in vitro proliferation of T cells can be induced by allelic variants of cell-surface glycoproteins, Ia antigens, the genes for which are located in the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 17. The only other potent primary proliferative response known is induced by mixing MHC-identical lymphocytes from strains that differ at the locus termed Mls (ref. 1) (for mixed lymphocyte stimulating), which has been mapped to chromosome 1. While it is relatively easy to raise antibodies against Ia antigens, and thus determine both their chemical nature and their role in T-cell stimulation, the nature of the product of the Mls locus has remained obscure. It has been proposed that the Mls locus product is a minor antigen recognized in association with self-Ia antigens, a translocated Ia-like element, or a mitogenic molecule found on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Here, we demonstrate that APCs from mice carrying stimulatory Mls locus alleles present antigen more efficiently to cloned, antigen-specific, Ia-restricted T cells than APCs from mice carrying nonstimulating Mls locus alleles. We propose that the Mls locus does not encode a unique cell-surface antigen at all; we suggest instead that the T-cell proliferative response induced by Mls-locus disparate cells reflects recognition of self-Ia molecules on APCs. If our interpretation is correct, it provides further evidence both for the quantitative nature of self tolerance and for the existence of a distinct recognition site for self-Ia molecules on antigen-specific T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transcripts of functionally rearranged gamma genes in primary T cells of adult immunocompetent mice.

The T-cell specific, rearranging gamma-chain genes bear striking resemblance to T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes, but the role of gamma remains unknown. A central problem is to understand the conditions under which gamma RNA is expressed in cells. The transcription of gamma is abundant in T cells of fetal thymi, but is negligible in peripheral T cells of adults, suggesting that gamma is involved in development of the T-cell repertoire. However, gamma RNA was originally cloned from established lines of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) derived from adult mice and this expression has been ascribed to non-physiological cell growth. Possibly consistent with this, most of the gamma RNA derives from genes rearranged abortively at the V gamma-J gamma junction of immunoglobulin genes, where V is the variable segment and J the joint segment. Here, we report the detailed analysis of gamma transcription in T cells of adult mice, and find that transcription may occur in T cells with a broad range of surface phenotypes; that it is predominantly of a single V gamma-C gamma unit (where C is the constant region); and that in cells freshly explanted from animals it can be of productively rearranged genes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional hypothermia in response to minor injury.

Minor injuries are sometimes followed by a potentially disabling syndrome of hyperalgesia, hyperesthesia, allodynia, and sudomotor disturbance as well as, eventually, weakness, muscle atrophy, trophic skin changes, and bone and joint abnormalities. Vasomotor changes frequently present as hypothermia or hyperthermia. Most of the literature refers to this syndrome as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). To observe possible early RSD changes, we studied 1000 military recruits before and during basic training. Evaluations consisted of lower limb clinical examinations and pain assessment. Infrared images were taken of anterior, posterior, medial, lateral legs, and plantar surface of the feet. If the clinical examination suggested a possible stress fracture, a bone scan was performed. Recruits were studied before training and again each time musculoskeletal complaints arose. The controls were recruits tested before the onset of training who had no musculoskeletal complaints. Two-hundred seven soldiers were injured. Regional hypothermia was noted in 8.6% of all thermograms, with 75% on the left and 25% on the right. The most common injuries causing this phenomenon were ankle pain/sprain and minor foot stress fractures, especially the left metatarsals. Hypothermia occurred within 24 to 48 h, usually beginning in the periphery and ascending proximally, lasting a few days to 6 wk (end of study). None of the recruits developed the full syndrome of RSD during the study period. Whether the continued training, even though modified, helped to prevent this complication or the observed post-traumatic hypothermia has no relationship to RSD needs to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Difference between delivered and prescribed blood flow in hemodialysis.

The authors compared delivered and prescribed blood flow (QB) during 208 hemodialysis treatments using the Transonic hemodialysis monitor (Transonic Systems, Inc, Ithaca, New York). Delivered QB averaged 205.6, 300.6, 384.3 (p < .0001), and 467.7 cc/min (p < .0001) at pump settings of 200, 300, 400, and 500 cc/min. Permcaths had significantly lower delivered QB (188, 266, and 314 cc/min at 200, 300, and 400 pump settings) (p < .01). When catheters were excluded, delivered QB was at least 10% less than prescribed in 13.5%, 18.4%, and 20.8% of patients (300, 400, and 500 pump settings). Patients using 14 gauge arterial needles had higher delivered QB than patients using 15 gauge needles (418 vs 383 cc/min at 400 pump; p < .0001). Patients on Baxter 550 machines had lower delivered QB (294 and 376 ml/min) than those on fresenius 2008H machines (323 and 411 ml/min) at 300 and 400 pump settings, respectively (p < .0001). Excluding catheters, 17.4% and 23.4% of patients on Baxter machines had delivered QB of 10% less than prescribed, compared to 2.1% and 4.3% of patients on Fresenius machines at 300 and 400 pump settings. In conclusion, delivered QB during hemodialysis is often significantly less than prescribed QB. Further studies are necessary to determine the factors involved in these differences.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of abdominal carcinoid tumor.

Computed tomography of the abdomen was performed in 10 patients with pathologically proven carcinoid tumor. In four patients numerous tiny punctate and radiating densities were seen in the mesentery. Two of these patients also had rounded mesenteric masses, 2.5-5 cm in diameter. The presence of punctate or radiating mesenteric densities reflecting desmoplastic reaction, when combined with rounded mesenteric masses or liver metastases, is highly suggestive of carcinoid tumor. The CT appearance of the hepatic metastases in this group of patients was also assessed and found to be nonspecific.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric leiomyosarcoma: CT observations.

The abdominal CT examinations of seven patients with gastric leiomyosarcoma (GLMS), proven by surgical or endoscopic biopsy or both in five patients and percutaneous aspiration biopsy in two, are reviewed. In the six patients studied prior to therapy, CT demonstrated that each of the primary gastric tumors was spherical or ellipsoidal, large (mean diameter 15 cm), and predominantly exogastric in location. Additional CT features of the primary tumor included necrosis in all six masses, a distinct gastric mural attachment in four, bubbles of gas or an air-fluid level or both in three, and mucosal ulceration in two. Direct tumor invasion of nearby organs was suggested by CT in four of the six patients, the spleen and pancreas representing the most frequent sites. Intraperitoneal spread of tumor was present in two patients; necrotic liver metastases accompanied three of the six primary tumors and were found in an additional patient examined 4 years after gastric resection. By accurately reflecting the biological behavior of GLMS, CT is an ideal imaging modality for studying this unusual neoplasm. Differential diagnosis and specificity of the CT findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Torsion of lipoma of appendix epiploica: CT evaluation.

We present a case of a large abdominal mass of fat density on CT, which proved at surgery to be a lipoma arising in an appendix epiploica. The clinical, pathological, and radiological aspects of appendices epiploicae are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography vs barium studies in the acutely symptomatic patient with Crohn disease.

Gastrointestinal contrast studies and CT performed on 43 patients with known Crohn disease with acute symptoms were retrospectively reviewed to assess the ability of each study to define the location and extent of disease. In 39 of 43 (91%) patients the contrast studies and CT agreed on the location of active disease. However, in 15 of 43 (35%) patients, contrast studies demonstrated additional areas of mucosal disease remote from the major area of activity that were not suggested by CT. In addition to demonstrating more extensive mucosal disease, contrast studies proved superior in demonstrating enteroenteric fistulae, sinus tracts, strictures, postsurgical anatomy, and relation of recurrence to anastomosis. Computed tomography proved superior in demonstrating mesenteric inflammation, abscesses, enterovesical and enterocutaneous fistulae, fistula to iliopsoas muscle and to sacrum. We conclude that in the patient with suspected abscess, enterovesical or enterocutaneous fistula, CT is the study of choice. In other clinical circumstances both CT and contrast studies should be performed since they are complementary.

Acute Disease↗