Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Jones

Publications and source records attributed to B Jones.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sex differences in cerebral lateralization in 3- and 4-year old children.

Following a procedure described by Jones [12, 13] boys and girls, 3 and 4 yr of age, were required to identify the sex of male and female faces tachistoscopically presented to the right and left visual fields. The results were in close conformity to those obtained with adults [12, 13]. Boys showed a strong and consistent right visual field advantage in accuracy. Girls showed no strong field advantage. It is argued cerebral lateralization remains constant across development. Theoretical issues relating to sex differences in cerebral lateralization are discussed.

Child Development↗
PubMed1982

Recognition memory for dichotically presented word pairs in right- and left-handed males.

Using a two-forced-choice procedure, subjects were required to recognize words presented dichotically to the right and left ears. Right-handers recognized significantly more of the input to the right ear and familial left-handers recognized significantly more of the input to the left ear. However, when subjects were required to selectively monitor one channel or the other, any ear advantage disappears. It is argued that ear advantages in remembering dichotically presented material do not directly indicate underlying hemispheric specialization. Rather a majority of subjects show a slight bias to attend to speech on the ear contralateral to the speech hemisphere.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMed1982

Effects of sex, handedness, stimulus and visual field on "mental rotation".

Shepard's mental rotation paradigm (e.g. Shepard and Metzler, 1971) was modified to allow tachistoscopic presentation of stimuli at varying angles of orientation (0 degrees to 180 degrees) in the right and left visual fields. Thirty male and thirty female subjects divided into three handedness groups (right-handers, non-familial and familial left-handers) judged whether a stimulus was a standard form or its mirror image. In general response times for correct judgements (RTc) increased monotonically as a function of angle of orientation though the curves tended to be negatively accelerated rather than linear. Right-handers showed a slower rate of increase in RTc as a function of angle than either left-handed group. Mean RTc and the rate of increase in RTc were equivalent for the two sexes and for the two visual fields. Both mean RTcs and on the rate of increase in RTc varied as a function of the stimulus. Error rates also increased monotonically as a function of angle of orientation. No sex or handedness differences in error rates were found. However, errors increased significantly less rapidly when stimuli were presented in the left visual field. It is argued that right hemisphere specialization for spatial processing minimizes the rate of increase in errors. The present failure to find sex differences may be of interest and it is argued that rapid presentation of stimuli results in subjects setting maximum and minimum response times. Within this relatively restricted "bandwith" of response times males and females may perform spatial tasks equally efficiently. Some confirmation for this hypothesis vs. an alternative based upon differences in hemispheric organization was found in a second experiment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Suggestions for altered auditory sensitivity, the negative subject effect and hypnotic susceptibility: a signal detection analysis.

Two experiments used signal detection procedures to assess the effects of hypnotic susceptibility, a hypnotic induction procedure, and suggestions for altering auditory acuity on measures of sensitivity and response bias. In Experiment 1, low susceptibles showed higher sensitivity than high susceptibles, and hypnotic induction failed to affect the sensitivity of either highs or lows. Among the high susceptibles, suggestions to either increase or decrease acuity produced increments in sensitivity and reduced individual differences. Thus, suggestions (regardless of the direction of change suggested) probably motivated highs who would have otherwise performed inefficiently to perform as efficiently as the low susceptibles. With respect to response bias, high-susceptible hypnotic subjects given a suggestion for increased acuity behaved in terms of suggested demands; they showed an increased tendency to response "signal." Low-susceptible hypnotic subjects given the same suggestion responded in a counterdemand or "negative subject" fashion; they developed a bias to say "noise." Experiment 2 used a more difficult discrimination task to replicate and extend this counterdemand effect in low susceptibles. Implications for hypnosis research and for research on the negative subject effect are discussed.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1982

Short-lived radionuclides in nutritional physiology. A model study with L-[Me-11C]methionine in the pig.

1. A "new" carbon radioisotope, 11C, for use in nutritional studies is presented. It has a 20 min half-life, and decays by positron emission giving annihilation photons of 511 keV energy (Wolf & Redvanly, 1977). Thus repeated studies can be made with short time intervals and the distribution of radioactivity in the experimental animal can be detected externally. 2. 11C was produced with a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator and L-[me-11C]methionine was synthesized and used in model experiments in the pig. The tracer was administered intravenously through a catheter in the jugular vein of pigs weighing between 40 and 100 kg. In a series of experiments, one pig received a low-methionine diet supplemented with DL-methionine to give three different levels of methionine intake. 3. The radioactivity distribution between liver and muscle was measured as a function of time by external detector for 2-3 h after administration. Blood and exhaled CO2 were sampled and measured for radioactivity. 4. The results indicate that 11C is a useful radionuclide in nutritional studies in intact large domestic animals.U

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of entero-enteric intussusception.

Characteristic computed tomographic findings of entero-enteric intussusception were demonstrated with in vitro studies of surgically created intussusceptions in canine small bowel. The signs were effective in detecting intussusception in two patients, one with metastatic melanoma and a second with a plasmacytoma, both of whom had previously nondiagnostic standard oral contrast medium examinations. The findings consist of a dilated loop of bowel (the intussuscipiens) with a thickened wall, within which is an eccentric soft tissue mass (the intussusceptum) and an adjacent crescentic low density mass on the mesenteric side, representing the invaginated mesentery.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Ischemic colitis demonstrated by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) performed on two patients with abdominal pain showed irregular, segmental thickening of the submucosa of the colon that proved to be due to ischemic colitis. In one case, CT showed narrowing of the lumen of the right colon by a polypoidal mass that was clearly the CT analog of thumbprinting. In the second case, CT was used as an alternative to barium studies to monitor the course of the patient. It is concluded that CT can be useful in the diagnosis and management of colonic ischemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Factitious psychosis: phenomenology, family history, and long-term outcome of nine patients.

Factitious psychological symptoms are defined in DSM-III as symptoms that are under the patient's voluntary control. Using specific criteria for the presence of voluntary control, the authors identified a cohort of 9 patients with factitious psychotic symptoms from among 219 patients consecutively admitted to a research ward for psychotic disorders. The phenomenology and family history of the patients suggested that they were a homogeneous group. All had similar DSM-III personality disorders, and most had a remarkably poor long-term outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Metachronous bilateral Wilms' tumor, National Wilms' Tumor Study.

Eighteen of the patients randomized for treatment according to the first and second National Wilms' Tumor Studies have developed clinically evident tumor in the contralateral kidney subsequent to the initial diagnosis. Only seven of 18 had an adequate exploration of the opposite kidney during the initial surgery and of these seven, four had abnormal findings. Thirteen of 18 cases showed some form of nephroblastomatosis histologically. The original tumors in six and possibly seven were multicentric in origin. While metachronous Wilms' tumors are an unusual occurrence, the prognosis is ominous with only seven of 18 surviving free of disease. The outlook might be improved with adequate attention to the surgical and histologic details during the initial diagnostic procedures.

Child, Preschool↗